枯草芽孢杆菌对地面平养和笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及血液指标的影响

选择240只1日龄新生罗斯308(ROSS 308)肉鸡分成4个处理组,用于研究枯草芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂对地面平养和笼养肉仔鸡的生长性能、养分利用率及血液生化指标等的影响。处理组1和处理组2肉仔鸡日粮添加抗生素金霉素,处理组3和处理组4肉仔鸡日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂;同时,处理组1和处理组3肉仔鸡地面平养,处理组2和处理组4肉仔鸡采用笼养,试验周期21 d。试验结果显示:平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白和代谢能的表观利用率等指标,处理组4显著优于(P<0.05)处理组1,处理组2和处理组3之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。肉仔鸡血清白蛋白浓度指标,处理组4和处理组2之间无显著差异(P>0.05),且显著大于(P<0.05)处理组1。本试验证明,无论是传统的肉鸡地面平养方式还是现代的规模化肉鸡笼养方式,添加微生态制剂枯草芽孢杆菌,可有效替代饲用抗生素,改善肉仔鸡生长性能,其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白质的消化利用率。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对不同饲养方式肉鸡生产性能的影响

选择240只1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡分为4个处理组:处理组1和2肉鸡日粮使用抗生素金霉素,处理组3和4替代抗生素添加枯草芽孢杆菌;处理组1和3肉鸡地面平养,处理组2和4采用笼养,试验周期42 d.结果表明:试验全期,肉鸡末体质量和饲料/增质量等指标,处理组4显著优于处理组1,处理组2和3无差异.试验全期枯草芽孢杆菌显著影响肉鸡对饲料粗蛋白的表观代谢率,处理组4肉鸡对饲料蛋白的利用率显著大于其他3个处理组.表明:无论是地面平养还是笼养方式,枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对改善肉鸡生长性能有良好效果,其作用机制主要是提高饲料蛋白的营养利用率.     

肉仔鸡的新型饲料添加剂

随着肉鸡生长速度及饲料转化率的不断提高 ,肉鸡的健康状况 ,特别是其消化功能的问题也日益增多。肉仔鸡的消化功能与肠道内生态系统的状况密切相关。为了防止消化功能紊乱 ,肉鸡饲料中常添加促生长的抗生素。抗生素可提高肉仔鸡的生产性能并提高能量的利用率。但畜禽日粮中使用抗生素 ,造成对人类有致病性的细菌产生抗药性。因此 ,饲料中添加抗生素所引发的争论日渐增多。为了寻找抗生素的替代品 ,首先要了解抗生素的作用机理。1　对微生物的影响抗生素的主要作用是抑制革兰氏阳性菌的生长。然而 ,少有资料表明饲喂添加抗生素的日粮 ,动物…     

金霉素对肉仔鸡生长及肠道微生物繁殖的影响

金霉素是一种四环素类抗生素,具有广谱抗菌活性,对肉仔鸡具有促生长作用.有研究认为抗生素有促生长作用是因为其抑制了环境中的抗生长因子、降低肠壁厚度和促进营养吸收.更多研究者认为,口服抗生素可以有效抑制肠道微生物的繁殖,并促进动物的生长;然而长期口服抗生素对肠道微生物繁殖影响的研究结果不一致.本试验拟通过检测不同日龄肉仔鸡肠道中大肠埃希氏菌、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌繁殖情况,研究长期口服金霉素对肉仔鸡肠道微生物繁殖的影响.     

纯中药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡增重血清激素水平以及尿酸尿素氮的影响

在现代化的肉仔鸡养殖业中，抗生素类药的耐药性和药物残留问题日益突出，饲料报酬低、经济效益差、禽肉不合格检出率高，严格制约了我国肉仔鸡养殖业的发展。中草药具有营养物质与药物的双重作用，且药源广泛，廉价易得，无有害残留，毒副作用小。因此，研制纯中药的肉仔鸡增重保健剂具有重要的现实意义。中药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡具有促生长作用的报道不少，但大多数停留在观察效果上，很少有更深一步的研究，我们以中兽医学辩证施治为理论基础，以平补消导、健脾理气为组方原则，自拟方Ⅰ和方Ⅱ，试从其影响肉仔鸡的血液激素水平和血浆代谢物方面来探讨中药添加剂的促生长机制。     

壳寡糖替代抗生素对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

研究日粮中添加壳寡糖替代抗生素对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响。试验选用1 080只1日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡公雏,分为6个处理,试验期为39d。结果表明,与对照组比较,饲喂添加100~200g/t的壳寡糖日粮,肉仔鸡的平均日增重和免疫器官的指数都显著高于对照组,Ig A、Ig G和Ig M含量显著增加,显著提高血清中GSH-Px活性并降低MDA含量;添加200~300g/t壳寡糖可使肉仔鸡空肠和回肠食糜中丙酸浓度以及异丁酸浓度提高;与抗生素(BMD)组对比,且日粮中添加100~200g/t的壳寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫功能无显著性差异。上述结果表明,壳寡糖可以提高肉仔鸡的生产性能和免疫功能,调节肠道环境,并且可用于替代饲料中的部分抗生素,为无抗养殖提供科学依据。     

天然物饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

研究天然物饲料添加剂在日粮中替代抗生素对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.对照组饲喂基础日粮(1组);抗生素组添加50 mg/kg的杆菌肽锌(2组);用小茴香、肉桂、干姜、甘草、山植、神曲和麦芽等天然物按比例制作成饲料添加剂,在试验组基础日粮中分别添加0.5 %、1 %、1.5 %和2 %(分别为3组、4组、5组和6组)天然物饲料添加剂.结果表明:抗生素组和不同水平天然物饲料添加剂各组均能改善肉仔鸡各期的生产性能.从全期看,天然物组后期的生产性能优于抗生素,以1.5 %添加水平最好,但差异不显著.试验说明,添加天然物饲料添加剂能提高肉仔鸡的生产性能,可替代抗生素使用,添加水平以1 %～1.5 %为宜.     

天成康对肉仔鸡抗病和促生长的效果观察

为了用天然中药取代饲料中部分抗生素和化学药物 ,以便减少药物残留 ,促进肉鸡出口 ,笔者在秦皇岛市海港区大白庙肉鸡场考察了饲料中添加天成康对肉仔鸡的抗病和促生长效果。报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验鸡　秦皇岛正大有限公司孵化场提供的艾维茵雏鸡 ,饲养在海港区大白庙肉鸡场 2 9日龄肉仔鸡 6732只。1 .2　饲料　秦皇岛正大有限公司提供的肉仔鸡全价颗粒饲料。天成康 :北京绿寿春兽药厂生产 ,主要成分板蓝根、常山、雄黄等。1 .3　试验方法　将鸡群随机分为 2组 ,每组 3366只 ,试验组饲料添加 0 .2 %的天成康 ,对照组不加药。两组…     

朴菇多糖粉对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验通过在基础日粮中添加不同水平的朴菇多糖,考察其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,结果表明:添加200 mg/kg朴菇多糖粉具有显著的促生长效果,与空白对照日粮组相比,肉仔鸡日增质量提高10.75％,节约饲料消耗7.18％,单位增质量饲料原料成本下降6.45％,且一定程度上能替代抗生素的使用,作为饲料添加剂具有很好的应用前景.     

改进光照制度提高肉鸡出栏率的试验

本试验旨在稳定肉仔鸡生长速度的前提下,利用对光照制度的改进,进一步提高肉仔鸡饲料利用率和出栏率等指标,同时减少肉鸡饲养过程中常见代谢病的发生。从而最大限度地提高养殖专业户的经济效益。     

合生素对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数的影响

为探讨合生素对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数的影响,选取1日龄肉仔鸡280只进行试验,按体重随机分成7个组(每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加合生素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及其添加水平0.2%和0.3%,试验期42 d。结果表明,合生素的添加显著降低了(P<0.05)肉仔鸡的脾脏和法氏囊免疫器官指数,也使胸腺免疫器官指数呈下降的趋势,但肉仔鸡的生长、健康状况均处于良好的发展状态。结果提示合生素能增强肉仔鸡免疫与抗应激能力。     

合生素对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

为探讨合生素在肉仔鸡生产中的最适添加量及其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,本文采用0.05%和0.10%两个比例添加合生素,其余3组为益生素组、抗生素组和对照组。对6000只AA公雏鸡进行为期7周的试验。结果表明:合生素组(0.05%和0.10%)的平均日采食量、日增重和饲料转化率都优于益生素组和抗生素组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);平均采食量(0￣3、4￣6、6￣7周龄)和平均日增重(0￣3、6￣7周龄)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加0.05%的合生素组与0.10%的合生素组对肉仔鸡生产性能有相同的效果(P>0.05)。说明由益生素与植物提取物组成的合生素可以替代抗生素和益生素在肉仔鸡生产中应用,其最适的添加量为0.05%。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance,intestinal morphology,sIgA content and antioxidant capacities of broilers

Today, several strategies are being used to decrease the serious effects of antibiotics abuse on broilers industry and public health, among which synbiotics are one of the most promising antibiotic alternative. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of synbiotics, which composed of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide), on growth performance, intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant parameters of broilers. Four hundred and fifty one‐day‐old commercial Cobb48 broilers were assigned to five treatments consisting of six replicates of 15 birds each pen. Five dietary treatments include basal diets (control), basal diets plus antibiotics (4 mg/kg Xanthomycin), basal diets plus 1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), basal diets plus 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%), and basal diets plus synbiotics (1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%). The results demonstrated that on 21 and 42 days, dietary supplementation of the synbiotics significantly increased daily weight gain (p < 0.05), feed efficiency (p < 0.05), the villus height and villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), as well as intestinal mucosa sIgA content (p < 0.05), serum T‐SOD activity (p < 0.05) and lysozyme content (p < 0.05), comparing with control group. In conclusion, synbiotics (B. subtilis and xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide) is one of the safe and ideal dietary supplementations to increase broilers' growth performance by improving small intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant capabilities.     

Effects of Cecropin and Synbiotics on the Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Cells of AA Broilers

In order to investigate the effects of cecropin and synbiotics on the intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal mucosal immune cells of AA broilers. 480 of 1-day-old healthy AA broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 broilers per replicate. The broilers in group Ⅰ(control group) were fed basal diet,while that in groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% cecropin,0.3% synbiotics,0.5% cecropin+0.3% synbiotics,respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The result showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the villus height of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅱ,and that of small intestine in group Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus height/crypt depth of small intestine in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and that of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus width of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the villus width of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅲ,that of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The mucous thickness of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05),while that of small intestine in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the intraepithelial lymphocyte of ileum in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and that of duodenum in group Ⅲ and small intestine in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the goblet cell of duodenum in group Ⅲ,duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The mast cell of jejunum in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,both the cecropin and synbiotics could improve the small intestine mucosal structure and promote the small intestine mucosal immunocompetent cells proliferation in AA broiler, and the effect of combined utilization would be better.     

天蚕素和合生素对AA肉鸡小肠黏膜形态和小肠免疫细胞的影响

为研究日粮中添加天蚕素、合生素对AA肉鸡小肠黏膜形态及免疫细胞的影响,试验选用480只1日龄健康AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础日粮,试验组（Ⅱ~Ⅳ组）分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%天蚕素、0.3%合生素、0.5%天蚕素+0.3%合生素。试验期42 d。结果显示,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度极显著升高（P<0.01）;Ⅱ组空肠和回肠、Ⅲ组小肠各段隐窝深度显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小肠各段和Ⅳ组十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;Ⅱ组空肠绒毛宽度显著降低（P<0.05）,Ⅲ组十二指肠和空肠、Ⅳ组空肠和回肠绒毛宽度均极显著降低（P<0.01）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠黏膜厚度显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅳ组小肠各段黏膜厚度均极显著升高（P<0.01）。Ⅱ组回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅲ组十二指肠、Ⅳ组小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞数量极显著升高（P<0.01）;Ⅲ组十二指肠、Ⅳ组十二指肠和回肠杯状细胞数量极显著升高（P<0.01）;Ⅳ组空肠肥大细胞数量显著升高（P<0.05）。综上所述,天蚕素、合生素单独或联合添加均能改善AA肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,促进小肠黏膜免疫细胞增殖,联合添加效果最佳。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance,caecal coliform population and some oxidant/antioxidant parameters of broilers

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, small intestine weight, pH and caecal coliform counts of broilers. The influences of synbiotics and phytobiotics on oxidant/antioxidant status in the blood of broilers were also assessed. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg synbiotic, 1 g/kg phytobiotic or 1 g/kg synbiotic plus 1 g/kg phytobiotic. The diet supplemented with both synbiotic and phytobiotic had no effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Neither small intestine weight nor pH was affected by any of the treatments. Supplementation of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet decreased the caecal coliform count (p < 0.01). Addition of synbiotics and phytobiotics in combination significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p ≤ 0.05), whereasphytobiotic addition alone showed only a slight increase. Similarly, elevated nitric oxide (NO) level was recorded in the synbiotic‐ and phytobiotic‐fed group and in the phytobiotic‐fed group (p ≤ 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count, but growth performance was not affected by the supplementations. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of phytobiotics on oxidative/antioxidative metabolism as regards their compositional analysis.     

有机酸和精油复合微囊包被物对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究有机酸和精油复合微囊包被物(MOAEO)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄黄羽肉公鸡300只,随机分成5个组,每个组5个重复,每个重复12只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮基础中添加30 mg/kg杆菌肽锌和6 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加150、200、250 mg/kg的MOAEO。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),Ⅴ组血清尿酸含量显著降低(P0.05)。2)1~70日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组血清总蛋白含量显著提高,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组血清尿酸含量显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌率和腿肌率显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌失水率显著降低(P0.05)。3)与抗生素组相比,饲粮添加MOAEO对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,肉鸡饲粮中添加MOAEO能改善肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标,MOAEO适宜添加量为200 mg/kg。     

Efficacy of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance and noxious gas emission in growing pigs

We investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics (synbiotics) on growth performance, noxious gas emission and fecal pathogenic bacteria populations in growing pigs. The basal diet, which contained approximately 25% corn, 24% whey, 12% wheat and 12% soybean meal, was supplemented alternatively with 0.15% antibiotics (US diet), prebiotics and 0.2% probiotics from anaerobic bacteria (BS diet), yeast (YS diet), mold (MS diet) or compounds (CS diet). One hundred and fifty pigs were fed an experimental diet for 15 days. Although the growth performance was not affected by supplemental synbiotics, the BS group showed higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility. The BS group decreased fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions, and increased fecal acetate gas emission compared with the US group. All synbiotics groups decreased in fecal propionate gas emission. Fecal Escherichia coli population was lower in the synbiotics groups than in the US group. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics exert similar effects with antibiotics on the nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in growing pigs. Moreover, synbiotics can also decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs.     

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响。将180只1日龄体重相近、健康的黄羽肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复12只。阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮,阳性对照组在基础日粮中添加0.3 g/kg那西肽和0.25 g/kg硫酸黏杆菌素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加1、2、3 g/kg谷氨酰胺。结果显示,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组黄羽肉鸡免疫器官重量及免疫器官指数与阳性、阴性对照组相比差异均不显著(P＞0.05),且各试验组之间差异也不显著(P＞0.05)。45 d 时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡十二指肠、空肠肠黏膜蛋白质中溶菌酶的含量低于阳性对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);与阳性对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和阴性对照组的十二指肠内容物中细菌数量均显著提高(P＜0.05)。77 d时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠黏膜蛋白质中溶菌酶的含量均与阳性对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);十二指肠黏膜蛋白质中分泌型免疫球蛋白A的含量均低于阳性、阴性对照组;回肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸及总酸的浓度均低于阳性对照组,高于阴性对照组。因此,在基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素可能会提高黄羽肉鸡的细胞免疫水平,改善小肠黏膜免疫功能。     

饲用甘露聚糖酶转基因玉米对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及血清生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甘露聚糖酶转基因玉米对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及血清生理生化指标的影响。试验选择1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡480只,随机分成4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。4个组安排如下:组Ⅰ为非转基因玉米的对照组,不添加甘露聚糖酶;组Ⅱ为非转基因玉米添加低剂量微生物来源甘露聚糖酶组,甘露聚糖酶活力500 U/kg;组Ⅲ为低剂量甘露聚糖酶转基因玉米组,甘露聚糖酶活力500 U/kg;组Ⅳ为高剂量甘露聚糖酶转基因玉米组,甘露聚糖酶活力5 000 U/kg。试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,组Ⅲ和Ⅳ42日龄肉鸡平均日增重有显著提高(P0.05),组Ⅳ料重比显著降低(P0.05)。组Ⅳ42日龄肉鸡屠宰率和全净膛率显著高于组Ⅱ和对照组(P0.05)。组Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ21和42日龄肉鸡的血液生理生化指标与对照组均没有显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加甘露聚糖酶转基因玉米能提高受试肉鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能,但对血液生理生化指标没有显著影响。