长白山北坡森林群落交错区优势树种动态

基于28个20mx90m样地的调查数据,利用Lotka-Volterra模型,本文分析了长白山北坡阔叶红松(Pinuskoraiensis)林和云冷杉林(也叫暗针叶林)群落交错区优势树种之间的竞争及动态。结果显示:在自然条件下,群落将向两个方向分化,一是以云杉(PiceajezoensisandP.koraiensis)和冷杉(Abiesnephrolepis)为优势的群落,并在达到平衡时冷杉占绝对优势(相对优势度的77.1%):另一种是以红松或云冷杉和阔叶树占绝对优势的针阔混交林,并在达到平衡时,阔叶树在阔叶红松林中占相对优势度的50%,在云冷杉一阔叶林类型中占66%。同时,本研究说明:(1)阔叶红松林和云冷杉林都是长白山气候顶极群落:(2)交错区具有过渡性质:(3)森林群落的分化结果说明演替的方向受局部生境的影响。图1表3参24。     

藏东南冷杉林采伐迹地土壤线虫群落特征

调查藏东南亚高山地带急尖长苞冷杉林皆伐迹地及林地0～30cm土层的土壤线虫群落,分离得到线虫14496条,隶属于2纲6目65属,线虫个体密度平均为989条·(100g)-1干土,表层(0～5cm)土壤中线虫个体数量占总数的48.60%,表聚性明显。Boleodorus、Helicotylenchus为优势属。植食性线虫是主要营养类群,非植食线虫中食细菌性线虫所占比例最大。土壤有机质以细菌分解途径为主。冬季的线虫多样性指数及均匀度指数明显高于春季;丰富度指数季节间差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同土层间多样性指数、丰富度指数值随土层加深而减小,均匀度指数、优势度指数值则随土层加深而增大,0～5cm土层与25～30cm土层的4个指数值差异均显著(P<0.05)。总之,采伐迹地土壤线虫群落特征具有指示森林生态系统演替过程及所受干扰程度的潜力。     

干扰对长白山北坡次生林群落结构和树种多样性的影响

阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林为中国东北东部山地物种最丰富、生产力和生物量最高的森林群落类型,具有结构复杂、土壤肥力高、群落稳定性强的特点(徐振邦,1985).长白山区是阔叶红松林的核心分布区(吴方正,2003),但由于多年的采伐和其他人为干扰,形成了大面积的次生林.     

亚热带不同林龄杉木人工林红壤线虫群落结构特征

【目的】分析亚热带地区不同林龄杉木人工林红壤线虫群落结构的变化,为亚热带杉木人工林可持续经营提供理论依据。【方法】利用空间替代时间的方法,选取幼龄林(5年)、中幼龄林(8年)、近熟林(21年)、成熟林(27年)和过熟林(40年)5个生长阶段的杉木人工林,采用浅盘法分离提取土壤线虫,分析土壤线虫密度,鉴定土壤线虫种属、各营养类群线虫相对丰度,计算线虫香农多样性指数(H′)、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)。通过非度量多维度(NMDS)分析不同林龄杉木人工林土壤线虫群落结构的变化。【结果】1)共分离出9 872头线虫,隶属68个属,杉木人工林不同生长阶段的线虫优势属存在差异,除幼龄林外,植物寄生线虫根结属在所有林分中占优势地位;2)随着林分发育,土壤线虫总密度及多样性指数均无明显变化;40年与5年、8年林分的土壤线虫群落结构存在差异,说明杉木人工林生长发育改变了土壤线虫群落结构;植物寄生线虫相对丰度最高,捕食-杂食线虫次之,食细菌线虫相对丰度高于食真菌线虫;随着林分发育,植物寄生线虫相对丰度呈现先降后增的变化趋势,在8年达到最低;随着林龄增加,食真菌线虫密度呈下降趋...     

浅谈杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征

指出了杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征对杉木人工林的种植有着重要意义。基于此,分析了杉木人工林与土壤微生物群落结构特征的相关理论,从数量分布、垂直分布、季节性变化等不同角度论述了杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征,为以后的研究工作奠定了理论基础。     

格氏栲群落的结构特征

在 1hm2 样地调查材料的基础上 ,分析了福建三明格氏栲自然保护区森林群落的种类组成、群落外貌、水平结构和垂直结构特征。该群落共有维管束植物 1 1 0种 ,隶属于 42科 6 8属 ,其中单种属占 6 7% ,包括藤本在内的高位芽植物占总数的 87 3%。除格氏栲种群符合随机分布外 ,其它乔木种群均服从聚集分布 ,在垂直空间上可分为 3个亚层。物种多样性指数介于南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林和中亚热带常绿阔叶林之间     

长白山北部地貌形态与土壤分布关系

地貌形态、土壤、植被构成立地类型的主要特征,它们之间既有各自独立的属性,又具有密切的相关关系,它们的组合构成了各种各样的生态综合体。目前,各国对地貌形态与土壤分布关系的研究非常重视,如苏联利用航空遥感对土层厚度进行探测,并根据照片上的灰度来辨别土壤分布规律;美国采用多党谱扫描仪进行大地扫描,辨别森林植物生长的好坏、土壤肥力属性等,并间接地得到土壤的分布规律。可见,深入研究地貌形态与土壤分布的关系,对立地分类,利     

保定市不同绿地类型土壤动物群落结构特征研究

2006年5~10月对保定市4种城市绿地生境中的土壤动物群落进行了调查研究,共采获到土壤动物1462只,隶属2门8纲14目。其中优势类群为蜱螨目、弹尾目和膜翅目,常见类群为颤蚓目、蜘蛛目、双尾目和鞘翅目幼虫,其余类群为稀有类群。4种绿地类型的土壤动物种类组成极为相似。从单位面积土壤动物数量看,表现为苗圃绿地〉公园绿地〉道路绿地〉防护绿地。从土壤动物群落数量的垂直分布来看,随着土壤层次的加深而递减,0~5 cm土壤层数量最大,有明显的表聚现象。土壤动物的多样性与均匀度指数呈正相关,与优势度呈负相关。     

九连山米槠群落结构特征分析

通过抽样调查,对九连山国家级自然保护区米槠林群落的植物区系组成、物种多样性、群落均匀度、最小面积、群落外貌结构、群落垂直结构、群落水平结构、群落演替趋势进行了分析,提出应该加大米槠林的保护,使其能够恢复九连山顶级群落的地位,为当地生态环境建设发挥应有的作用。     

长白山野生动物：完整的兽类群落

长白山系的动物是中国北方动物的典型代表和精华所在。在动物地理上,长白山系处于古北界、东北亚界、东北区的长白山亚区,丰沛的降水和优越的环境,再加上天然地理阻隔,把南下北上的动物物种都留在了这里。     

Species frequency of communities along northern slope of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

IntroductionAs an important index reflecting species spatialpatterns, frequency reflects not only the importanceof species, but also the evenness of spatial distribution in community (Lin 1986, Magurran 1988; Dale1999). Frequency figure could reveal the complexityand diversity of community at some extent. Raunkiaer(1918) divided frequency indices into five classes,namely, Ac 1%-20%, Ba 21%-40%, Cd 41%-60%, Da61%-80%, and Ed 81%-100%, and based on 8 078frequency indices of herbaceous vegetat…     

Age structure of Tilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical…     

Age structure ofTilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Based on a vast of field investigation on stamps inTilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain, age structure of some major species were studied in this paper. The results showed that Korean pine population was composed of grouped patches with different ages. There were not strict intervals among the dominated generations, and the curve of age structure often had two or more peaks. The distribution of broad-leaved species in natural Korean pine forest was grouped or scattered, and age distribution was also uneven-aged. There existed close relation between quality of broad-leaved species and Korean pine. So, it shaped multi-storied and uneven-aged mixed forest. The model of age structure and growth demonstrated their passive correlation, but growth became slow when woods had reached old age. The study was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (Reponsible Editor: Chai Rulhai)     

长白山北坡植物群落间物种共有度的海拔梯度变化(英文)

应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔700-2600 m之间每100 m设置一样地，共计20块样地，应用Jaccard指数，对植物群落间物种共有度的海拔梯度变化进行了分析。不同海拔群落间的共有度，无论以哪一层次的植物种来表达，基本都以与其最相邻海拔的群落之间为最高。相邻海拔群落的不同层次物种间的共有度变化存在相似性和相异性；但如相邻海拔的两个群落属于不同植被类型，其共有度则较低。群落间物种共有度的峰值与谷点反映了植被的海拔梯度格局，且灌木种的物种更替在这些地段具有非常明显的规律。在同一海拔差群落间的共有度数值都非常接近，并均随着海拔差的增加呈明显的下降趋势，表明群落各层次物种的构成有很大的相关性。     

长白山北坡林区的火警特征与林火管理对策

通过对2006年10月发生在长白山北坡的森林火警的分析,结果表明:人为火源是该地区引发森林火灾的重要原因,尤其是在红松籽成熟的季节;秋季人为火源多于春季。针对长白山北坡的林火隐患,提出了林火管理对策。     

长白山北坡主要建群种种群结构及重要值沿海拔梯度的变化

From 700 m to 1900 m on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, 13 plots with an interval of 100 m in elevation were investigated to study the variations of population structure and important value of the main edificators along the elevation gradient. In their core distribution areas, most of the edificators had healthy population structure and could regenerate smoothly except Larix olgensis, but important value of Larix olgensis had no obvious variations with elevation changes, which showed that Larix olgensis had its own particularity and strong adaptability. At high elevation above 1800 m, Betula ermanfi was the only species that could form a mono-dominant community. Important values of Pinus koraiensis and Acer mono had similar changing trends, and they had the similar ecological adaptabilities.     

Leaf and twig litter decomposition of main species in different forests along the north slope of Changbai Mountain, northeast China

From 2001 to 2003, the litter decomposition dynamics of dominant tree species were conducted using a litterbag burying method in the broadleaf-Korean pine forest, spruce-fir forest and Ermans birch forest, which represents three altitudinal belts in Changbai Mountain, northeast China. The spatial and temporal dynamics of litter decomposition and the effects of litter properties were examined. Furthermore, the decomposition trend of different species was simulated by the Olson model, and results showed that annual mass loss rates increased over time, but was not significantly correlated. Leaf decomposition rates increased after decomposing for 638 days (1.75 years), and the order of dry weight remaining rates of leaf litter for different species is: Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla) (24.56%) < Amur linden (Tilia amurensis) (24.81%) < Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) (38.48%) < spruce (Picea jezoensis var. microsperma) (41.15%) < Ermans birch (Betula ermanii) (41.53%) < fir (Abies nephrolepis) (42.62%). The dry weight remaining rates of twig litter was smaller than that of leaf litter, and followed the order of Amur linden (44.98%) < fir (64.62%) < Korean pine (72.07%) < spruce (73.51%) < Asian white birch (77.37%) < Ermans birch (80.35%). The simulation results by the Olson model showed that, in leaf, the 95%-decomposition rates ranged from 4.5 to 8.0 years, and annual decomposition rate (k) followed the order of Amur linden (0.686) > Asian white birch (0.624) > Korean pine (0.441) > spruce (0.406) > fir (0.397) > Ermans birch (0.385); in twig, it ranged from 7.8 to 29.3 years, and k follows the order: Amur linden (0.391) > fir (0.204) > Korean pine (0.176) > spruce (0.157) > Asian white birch (0.148) > Ermans birch (0.102). In general, the differences of decomposition rate are evident between leaf and twig litter and among species, and were higher in broad-leaved species compared with coniferous species at the same elevation, and decreased with the ascending of elevation. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1,037–1,046 [译自: 生态学报]     

长白山北坡植物群落复杂性的海拔梯度变化

应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔700m-2600m的坡面上每100 m海拔设置一样地,共计20块样地,通过对同一群落各样方间的相异性测定,对各海拔植物群落的复杂性进行了分析。结果表明,以主林层乔木种的二元数据计算的结果,除亚高山岳桦林外,其它各海拔群落的样方间均表现出较高的相异性,特别是低海拔的阔叶红松林平均相异系数达0.74,明显高于其它植被类型;暗针叶林各群落间差异不大,相对而言1400 m群落样方间的相异性略高于其它群落,表现出过渡性群落树种组成的复杂性;岳桦林树种组成简单,样[(\267\275\274\344\322\262\261\355\317\326\263\366\275\317\270\337\265\304\\317\340\313\306\320\324\241\243)-0.1(\322\324\271\340\304\276\326\326\265\304\266\376\324\252\312\375\276\335\\274\306\313\343\265\304\310\272)]落内的相异性,虽低海拔的阔叶红松林总体上高于其它群落,但差异趋势并不像乔木种那么明显。以各草本植物与所有植物种的二元数据计算的各海拔群落内样方间的相异性,表现出非常相近的趋势,群落内样方间草本植物及所有植物种均以阔叶红松林及高山冻原差异最大,暗针叶林基本稳定于比较相近的水平。图3表1参8。     

长白山北坡不同海拔植物群落物种丰富度估计

应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔700-2600 m 之间，海拔每上升100 m设置一块样地，共20块样地。以具体的样地观测数据为基础，应用刀切法和自助法等非参数估计法对各海拔群落的物种丰富度进行了估计，结果表明，用自助法所得到的物种估计数，与客观实际更为接近。同时，根据各海拔群落观测物种数与估计物种数的差异，进一步验证了最小取样面积的合理性。