高湿稻谷节能干燥工艺系统设计与试验

为了降低高湿稻谷干燥耗能、提高干燥系统作业效率,基于高湿稻谷干燥特性和干燥传递理论,绘制出了高湿稻谷贮存干燥仓内通风去湿降温过程状态参数变化图,设计出了高湿稻谷贮存干燥仓,能够利用常温自然空气实现高湿稻谷干燥和有效回收干燥系统的烟气余热。应用结果显示,在风量谷物比为149 m3/(h·t)时,每间隔1 h,通风2 h,累计贮藏干燥18 h,可使初始含水率31.3%的稻谷平均含水率降低11.36%,回收烟气废热55.3%。针对南方高温高湿的气候特点,设计出了5HNH-15型稻谷逆流热风干燥机和节能干燥工艺系统。试验结果表明,系统的单位耗热量为2 939 kJ/kg,与国标≤7 400 kJ/kg相比,最高节能可达60%。该文指出了实现高湿稻谷优质、高效节能干燥,合理的工艺系统设计应以客观能势的利用为主,人为提供主观热能消耗为辅。研究结果为粮食干燥设计指明了高效节能途径,为大型粮食集中干燥工艺系统设计提供了参考。     

基于㶲分析法的粮食逆流干燥系统能效评价与试验

为客观、合理地评价粮食逆流干燥系统的能效,实现粮食高效节能干燥,该文基于?分析法,从气流状态变化考察逆流连续式干燥工艺系统的能量利用程度。结果表明:在试验条件下,干燥机内各干燥段能量利用效果较好。在高温和低温干燥段,排气和干燥室热损失率最高分别不超过6.68%、11.09%和21.26%、9.37%,热效率和?效率不低于83.02%、68.1%和69.37%、56.22%;在冷却段,由于粮温比风温高,风对稻谷有明显的降温去水作用。而系统的平均热效率和?效率为80.24%和64.52%,表明系统能量匹配效果较好,稻谷的平均单位热耗量为2 944.6 k J/kg,与国标≤7 400 k J/kg相比,节能达到60.2%,节能效果明显。研究结果为干燥工艺设计、探索节能的途径和制定粮食干燥系统能效评价标准提供参考。     

仓内稻谷干燥的多尺度多层结构热质传递模拟及试验

为研究仓内稻谷干燥的热质传递机理,确定稻谷颗粒内部不同组织结构特性对干燥过程的影响,以仓内稻谷堆为研究对象,针对谷粒的多层结构问题,运用多尺度理论、热质传递原理和孔道网络方法等知识,建立了仓内稻谷热风干燥的多尺度多层结构热质传递模型,并进行了稻谷堆热风干燥试验,模拟分析了仓内稻谷的干基含水率、温度分布以及孔隙汽相的温度分布等情况。结果表明:建立的热质传递模型可有效模拟仓内稻谷干燥过程,干燥器尺度下仓内稻谷的平均干基含水率的模拟值与试验值的最大相对误差为7.6%,颗粒尺度下单颗粒稻谷干基含水率的模拟值与试验值的最大相对误差约为6.8%;稻谷颗粒内部传热比传质速率快,颗粒内存在较大的水分梯度。稻谷胚扩散系数对干燥的影响较大,其次是稻谷壳扩散系数,稻谷衣扩散系数影响最小。研究结果为稻谷就仓干燥的品质及工艺分析提供了理论基础。     

稻谷深床干燥工艺参数对干燥比能耗的影响

摘要：为降低稻谷干燥能耗并提高其生产效率,在全面分析已有相关指标基础上,提出了可反映热力特性的稻谷深床干燥新指标效能比。利用深床干燥试验台进行稻谷干燥单因素试验和五因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,建立了试验因子与效能比间关系的回归数学模型,分析了各因素对效能比的作用规律,利用频数分析法进行干燥工艺参数优化,得到了比能耗具有95%概率低于2000 kJ/(kg?h)的参数范围：热风温度56.2～57.7℃,表现风速0.89～0.96 m/s,谷层厚度35.3～37.0 cm,初始含水率21.31～21.86%,干燥时间2.87～3.16 h。为稻谷干燥机的节能设计与操作提供参考。     

腐殖酸肥料射频真空干燥特性

为研究腐殖酸肥料射频真空干燥特性及品质,该研究探讨了不同极板间距（160、165 mm）、不同初始湿基含水率（10%、15%、20%）下腐殖酸肥料的升温速率和加热均匀性,在此基础上进行射频真空干燥试验,并以热风干燥试验为对照,采用Weibull函数拟合腐殖酸肥料射频真空干燥特性曲线,对比射频真空干燥与热风干燥对腐殖酸肥料颜色、总氮、总磷、总钾及有机质的影响。结果表明：真空度为0.085 MPa,极板间距为160 mm、初始湿基含水率为15%时,干燥速率和升温速率较快,加热均匀性较好;升温曲线在53 ℃出现拐点,53 ℃前升温较快,53 ℃后升温较慢;除含水率为20%的物料外,极板间距对加热均匀性影响不显著（P > 0.05）,但初始湿基含水率对其有显著影响（P<0.05）;射频真空干燥所需时间较热风干燥缩短约208 min,射频真空干燥可显著提高干燥速率（P<0.05）;Weibull函数能较好的拟合腐殖酸肥料射频真空干燥过程,尺度参数和形状参数随极板间距的减小而减小,随初始湿基含水率的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势;水分有效扩散系数,随极板间距的减小而增大,随初始湿基含水率的增加,呈先增大后减小的趋势;极板间距与初始湿基含水率总体上对腐殖酸肥料的色泽高度L*、红绿值a*、蓝黄值b*、总氮、总磷、总钾、有机质无显著影响（P>0.05）;65 ℃热风干燥后样品的色差值显著高于射频真空干燥（P<0.05）,总氮和有机质含量显著低于射频真空干燥（P<0.05）。在设置的试验条件下,腐殖酸肥料的较佳干燥参数为真空度0.085 MPa、极板间距160 mm、初始湿基含水率15%。研究结果可为腐殖酸肥料射频真空干燥应用提供参考。     

声发射法无损检测稻谷籽粒应力裂纹

针对目前稻谷应力裂纹缺乏有效研究手段的难题,该文提出利用声发射法研究应力裂纹的设想。以天优3301籼型感温三系杂交稻谷为物料,建立稻谷干燥和机械压缩试验声发射检测装置,测量并分析了稻谷干燥、应力和声发射信号之间关联。结果表明:谷粒在干燥和受载过程产生的声发射信号能够被有效检测;干燥过程中声发射信号时序特征与稻谷干燥特性、典型干燥现象关联密切。湿基含水率为22%稻谷籽粒在60℃条件下,在干燥初始加热期0~7 min,稻谷因内部温度梯度形成的应力而释放少量声发射信号;在7~40 min声发射信号伴随温度梯度减弱而消失;在干燥40 min后,声发射信号受水分梯度影响而重新出现,并且信号密集区和水分梯度最大值时间重合,均出现稻谷湿基含水率干燥到14%附近;30~80℃自然冷却中稻谷声发射信号急剧增加,与高温干燥冷却段爆腰率快速上升现象相对应。湿基含水率为20%谷粒在30 N压载过程中声发射信号峰值与应力屈服8 MPa均出现在100 s。该文研究表明声发射法可为研究稻谷应力裂纹提供一种新的方法和途径。     

银杏叶药渣用于制备颗粒燃料的工艺能耗试验

为降低银杏叶药渣制备颗粒燃料的能耗,对干燥、粉碎和制粒成型等主要加工环节的单位能耗进行了试验研究。首先,将银杏叶药渣在60～120℃的热风温度下分别恒温干燥至含水率20%,研究干燥温度对干燥能耗的影响;通过正交试验,研究含水率、筛网孔径和主轴转速对粉碎能耗的影响,分析在不同含水率和颗粒度条件下制粒成型的能耗情况。然后根据所制颗粒燃料的发热量与总的加工能耗的比值,确定银杏叶药渣颗粒燃料的最优加工工艺参数。试验结果显示干燥时,在110℃的干燥温度下,单位干燥能耗最低;粉碎时,在原料含水率为13%,筛网孔径4 mm,粉碎机主轴转速4 550 r/min的条件下,单位粉碎能耗最低;制粒成型时,原料的含水率为16%,颗粒度为4mm时的单位能耗最低。从单位发热量与总的加工能耗的比值来考虑,银杏叶药渣颗粒燃料的最优加工工艺参数为:干燥温度110℃,原料含水率16%,筛网孔径3 mm,粉碎机主轴转速4 550 r/min。在此工艺条件下,银杏叶药渣颗粒燃料总的加工能耗为4 478.3 kJ/kg,单位发热量为17 352.4 kJ/kg,满足国家关于生物质颗粒燃料的行业技术标准。     

南美白对虾太阳能干燥能耗参数优化及中试

为降低南美白对虾干燥能耗,提高南美白对虾干燥品质,该文探讨了实验室太阳能干燥温度、风速及干燥量对干燥效果的影响和中试试验。通过实验室试验确定干燥温度范围为45～55℃,风速6～8 m/s,干燥量3～4 kg,响应面分析法分析了太阳能干燥温度、风速及干燥量与干燥能耗的关系,建立了二次回归模型,确定南美白对虾太阳能干燥最佳工艺参数为：干燥温度为53.40℃,风速为7.43 m/s,干燥量为3.65 kg。在实验室数据的基础上进行了中试试验,结果表明干燥鲜虾量100 kg（煮后69.5 kg）得到38.16 kg产品,所需总能耗549827.05 kJ,其中太阳能提供了379619.05 kJ,实际耗电47.28kW·h（折合能量170208 kJ）。太阳能干燥单位质量（1 kg）南美白对虾实际能耗0.68 kW·h/kg,相比热风纯电加热器干燥节能1.51kW·h/kg,相比燃煤烘房干燥可减少0.75kg/kg CO2排放。该研究结果为南美白对虾太阳能干燥工业化生产提供参考。     

5HP-25型粮食干燥机设计与试验

为了提高干燥系统的能量利用效率,增强干燥机的通用性、可靠性、作业效率和年利用率,该研究围绕增大干燥动力系数和工艺能力指数,基于粮食的物性特征,从干燥工艺方式、机械结构参数和运动参数间的内在关系入手,把几何因子和运动参数有机结合,揭示了粮食在干燥机内流动特性;按照引风降压,连续闪蒸降温,强化传热传质,自适应排粮的设计思想,研制了一款粮食通用的干燥机,实现了粮食在干燥机内连续流动过程中,自发地改变流态、连续回转换位,强化了传热传质,改善了干燥的均匀性。设计的升角为6°的变截面角状盒,与传统的横流方法相比,可使干燥动力系数增大2～4倍,干燥稻谷时的爆腰增率可控制在1%以内,发芽势提高76%以上,发芽率达到95%;设计往复式差速排粮机构,实现了自适应无损排粮,有效解决了粮食架桥、堵塞问题,避免了粮种的机械损伤。设计的5HP-25型粮食干燥机,实际应用效果显示,在粮食平均干燥强度为1.37～2.70%/h的条件下,干燥水分单位热耗为2 900～4 300kJ/kg,与国标7 400 kJ/kg相比,降低了单位热耗量。研究结果为实现优质、高效、节能干燥工艺及装备设计提供了参考。     

稻谷逆流循环干燥瞬态解析模型

为了解析稻谷逆流循环干燥过程,基于热质传递理论构建了瞬态解析模型,并采用一阶迎风有限差分格式数值求解,给出了整仓含水率、粮温、干燥段介质温度、含湿量的瞬态变化特征。模拟研究显示,当干燥条件恒定时,系统内含水率随时间和空间均呈现下降期、平台期交替的阶梯变化特征,稻谷温度沿粮流方向呈现下降期、上升期交替的锯齿状分布特征;含水率极大值点在第一干燥段内往复迁移,极小值点则始终处在第二干燥段出粮口处;整仓含水率变异系数随时间变化范围0.006～0.059,当干燥经历完整循环周期时,变异系数最小。不同干燥条件下的模拟发现,进气温度、初始含水率越大,平均干燥速率越大,但粮流速度的变化对平均干燥速率的影响较小。干燥试验显示,在动态干燥条件下,排粮含水率和温度解析值与实测值的变化趋势一致,含水率的解析均方根误差为0.99%,粮温的解析均方根误差为0.49℃,证实了循环干燥解析模型的有效性与可靠性。研究结果为循环干燥系统分析、状态跟踪与参数动态匹配提供了数学解析方法。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.