舜皇山竹海揽胜

位于湘桂边境越城岭北坡东安县西部的舜是山国家森林公园,是观赏珍稀野生分类的佳地。据调查,湖南分布的14属44种竹类,这里就占了11属36种,为竹类资源最丰富的国家级森林公园和省级自然保护区。“嘉木立,美竹露,奇石显。”舜是山的竹,绿筱媚清,姿态万千。有一种刚竹的变异品种．叫碧玉间黄金竹。当地人称它“黄金嵌碧玉”或“碧玉嵌黄金”。这种竹高大如毛竹,每节间都有排列非常整齐规范的黄绿两种颜色,黄的如金,绿的如玉。有的以黄色为主,嵌着绿色,那便是“黄金嵌碧玉”;有的以绿色为主,间或浸染着黄色,因之曰“碧玉嵌黄金…     

丛生竹无性繁殖育苗试验研究

近两年来,对分布云南境内用途较广的近20个丛生竹种进行了多种方法的无性繁殖育苗试验,结果表明,采用节间切口埋秆法(包括带蔸和不带蔸)和竹苗分株育苗法,其育苗成活率可达70％以上;龙头竹、黄金间碧玉、佛肚竹、绵竹等,用枝条扦插法育苗也能获得较高的成活率;生长素类药剂对龙竹、慈竹、绵竹等竹种的次生枝以及黄金间碧玉、油勒竹、甜龙竹的主枝有促进生根的作用,生根率可比对照提高20％～40％。     

园林设计与竹子造景

竹子终年常绿，高风亮节，用途广泛，是历代文人用诗歌、绘画咏费的植物之一。竹类固其分形扶疏，园林绿化易于成是，景观优美，且费工较少、管理简便，经济效益好，故人们常将诗情画意逐渐融入园林造景之中。不同竹种可营造不同的园林景观。一般来说，可营造大面积竹林景观的，有楠竹、淡竹、桂竹、刚竹、粉单竹、慈竹、绿竹、青皮竹、撑篙竹、麻竹等大型竹种。点缀园林风景的有大中型竹种，尤以秆形奇特、姿态秀丽的竹种为佳。如斑竹、紫竹、方竹、黄金间碧玉、碧玉间黄金、佛肚竹、龟甲竹、罗汉竹、粉单竹、花毛竹、金分等。绿篱用竹以丛…     

丛生竹无性繁殖育苗试验研究

我们对云南境内分布较广、用途较广的近二十个丛生竹种进行了多方法多技术的无性繁殖育苗试验。试验证明,采用节间切口埋秆法和竹苗分株育苗法,选好苗圃地,加强管理,育苗成活率可达70%以上;某些竹种如龙头竹、黄金间碧玉、佛肚竹、棉竹等,用枝条扦插法育苗也能获得较高的成活率;生长素类药剂对龙竹、慈竹、棉竹等竹种的次生枝以及黄金间碧玉、油勒竹、甜龙竹的主枝有明显的促进生根作用,生根率可比对照提高20至40%。     

湖南发现奇特变异毛竹

竹干一节青绿，另一节却为金黄，或一节中青绿与金黄相间，呈对称分布，这样的毛竹变异种近日在湖南双牌县阳明山国家森林公园被发现。据介绍，毛竹是禾本科竹亚纲竹属植物，通常竹干为青绿色。以前，曾在广西和江西发现毛竹变异种，均为通体金黄色，或呈不规则分布，被称为“花间毛竹”或“黄金间碧玉”，具有很高的观赏价值。     

云南主要的16种竹种之竹材结构及其造纸性能研究

通过对云南主要的16种竹子竹材的竹壁进行制片和离析,而获其竹材结构纤维形态特征,结合纤维数量特征以及造纸对纤维形态的要求,对此16种竹子竹材的造纸性能进行了综合分析和评价,其作为造纸材的竹种排序为:小叶龙竹、甜龙竹、麻竹、黄竹、昆明实心竹、金竹、马关大节竹、龙竹、牡竹、梨藤竹、箣竹、黄金间碧玉、沙罗单竹、筇竹、慈竹、中华大节竹,为云南竹材的合理利用提供了科学依据.     

橄榄竹引种试验研究

通过对橄榄竹的引种、繁殖和适应性试验及栽培调查,认为橄榄竹繁殖容易,适应性强。在北亚热带轻霜地区种植,生长良好,可作观赏栽培和园林绿化造林。影响其成活的主要限制因子是母竹的质量、栽培时间及当年冬季低温寒害等。若定植当年和翌年春采取保护措施,待其根系、地下茎和茎秆抗性增强后,便可抵御一定程度的寒害。     

国外文献荟萃

印度东部刺竹人工林（Ⅱ）营养动态;黄金间碧玉枝扦插在扦插类型和生长激素影响下的生根能力;印度东北部阿萨姆邦卡恰区棕榈藤分布的土壤特征;用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析斯里兰卡龙竹和奥克兰脱竹种群的遗传多样性及其关系;传统的方法生产竹炭的产量和质量比较;加纳龙头竹的遗传结构以及对采样和保存的影响……     

丛生竹枝条扦插,埋节造林技术的研究

枝条扦插、埋节造林是丛生竹造林的新方法，在生产中越来越受重视。此项研究从立地条件、竹种和种源选择，母竹运输贮存，整地方式，造林密度，造林时间，应用生根剂等方面进行了较为系统的试验研究。结果表明：在立地条件较好的地方，选择枝条粗壮、秆壁较厚、易于生根的黄金间碧玉、甜龙竹、龙竹等大中型丛生竹种，扦插、埋节前先用相应的生长素处理，采用全面整地或带状清理大块状整地，于４月上旬至６月上旬造林，造林５ｍ×６ｍ     

黄金枸骨扦插繁殖研究

以黄金枸骨为试验对象,研究了其适应性和扦插繁殖技术。结果表明:黄金枸骨适宜在浦城县推广种植;在5月初、9月初和10月初使用泥炭土∶珍珠岩(1∶3)作为扦插基质,IBA 2000mg/L溶液浸泡黄金枸骨插穗1h后扦插,黄金枸骨扦插繁殖成活率较高。     

Production losses due to a summer frost in a Salix viminalis short‐rotation forest in southern Sweden

The effect of a single night frost during late spring on the current year production of two clones of Salix viminalis was determined in two monoclonal stands that displayed a gradient from virtually undamaged plants, shielded from outgoing radiation by a neighbouring spruce forest, to heavily damaged plants in the unshielded parts. Compared with the undamaged stand parts, frost caused production losses of 47% and 60% in the two clones during the first year of the second cutting cycle. The clone‐specific allometric relationship between shoot dry weight and diameter was changed by the frost in one clone, showing lower shoot weights in damaged shoots compared with undamaged shoots of the same diameter. In the other clone, allometric relations were not affected by the frost. The relative variation in weight between the stools did not differ systematically with frost damage intensity, and therefore it could not be concluded that frost in monoclonal stands would enforce a competitive hierarchy. It was inferred that the single night frost indirectly can have a negative effect on the production of the stands during the years to come.     

Frost tolerance and bud dormancy of container-grown yellow birch, red oak and sugar maple seedlings

Container-grown seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) in their first year of growth were overwintered outdoors. Tolerance of roots and stems to freezing was compared from late summer to the following spring. Mitotic activity in the apical bud was related more closely to air temperature than to bud dormancy as defined by days to bud break. In all species, stem hardening was observed before days to bud break reached a maximum. Dormancy release (days to bud break equal to zero) of yellow birch coincided with loss of stem hardening in the spring. Roots hardened more slowly, had a lower frost tolerance than stems in fall and winter, and dehardened earlier than stems in the spring. There were differences in stem and root hardiness among the species, with yellow birch being the most tolerant, followed by sugar maple and red oak. Primarily because of root sensitivity to frost, winter was a critical period for all three species, but particularly for red oak.     

Isolation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. populi from stem lesions on Salix matsudana X alba ‘Aokautere’ in New Zealand

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, aerobic, salicin utilising bacterium-identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. populi was isolated from one year old stems of S. matsudana X alba‘Aokautere’ willows exhibiting stem necrosis. Although the bacterium was isolated from necrotic stem tissue almost in pure culture it was not pathogenic to vigorously growing material of S. matsudana X alba‘Aokautere’ in field inoculations. Stress and predisposing climatic conditions during winter (frost, rain, wind, mild temperatures) are thought to have favoured the initial infections of this opportunistic pathogen. This disease is not considered serious.     

利用酸枣仁进行枣树育苗的研究

用酸枣仁播种育苗,出苗率达95%以上,比酸枣核层积处理播种出苗率提高19%,当年地径全部达到嫁接粗度(0.75 cm以上)。第2年对嫁接时期、接穗处理、嫁接方法的研究结果表明:4月份用蜡封接穗进行劈接或插皮接效果均好,成活率高达97.2%,平均苗高156 cm,平均地径1.45 cm。     

Autumn frost damage: clonal variation in Sitka spruce

Current-year needles of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) can be injured by frost after hardening of stem and buds in the autumn, and in Scotland trees of southern provenances are most susceptible to damage. In October 1993 a frost of −5°C caused needle damage to clonal plants of Alaskan, Queen Charlotte Islands, and Washington provenances of Sitka spruce that had been selected for variation in the onset of root dormancy. Visual damage assessment revealed significant differences among clones in the severity of damage, and this damage was positively correlated with the lateness of root dormancy. Measurement of electrolyte leakage from shoot samples confirmed the observed differences between clones. The large clonal differences in frost hardiness found in this study demonstrate a potential for selecting frost tolerant trees from within southern provenances of Sitka spruce.     

巨龙竹的变异类型及其引种区划的研究

巨龙竹（Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J.L.Su)分布于云南南部，其直径粗近30cm，竹高近30m，是世界上已知最粗大的巨型丛生竹种，具有极大的开发利用价值。本文指出巨龙竹存在2个明显不同的变异类型，即竹秆弯曲、歪扭，竹节变形、缩短、斜交的“歪脚龙竹”和节间正常、节部平滑、竹秆通直、分枝高而少的通直巨龙竹。经初步分析后认为，造成这种差异的主要原因是遗传因素，因此发展巨龙竹时一定要选择优良种源，以免给生产造成损失。通过对巨龙竹在原产区不同气候条件下的生长情况尤其是越冬情况的观察分析，并结合已有的引种资料，将巨龙竹在我国的气候适宜性分为最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区。其主要气象指标是：最适宜区最冷月平均气温大于13℃，全年日最低气温小于0℃的日数不超过1天，全年无霜，巨龙竹冬季无低温危害，直径最粗可达到25cm以上；适宜区最冷月平均气温大于10℃，全年日最低气温小于0℃的日数不超过5天，年平均有霜日数小于12天，巨龙竹冬季一般无低温危害，极端年分有一定程度的冻害发生，但对生产没有太大的影响，巨龙竹直径可达到20－22cm左右；不适宜区最冷月平均气温小于10℃，年平均有霜日数大于12天，全年日最低气温小于0℃的日数超过5天，巨龙竹在该区即使越冬不死，也是生长不良，失去生产价值。     

Fall frost resistance in willows used for biomass production. I. Characterization of seasonal and genetic variation

Fast-growing willow clones (six clones of Salix viminalis L. and one clone each of S. viminalis x S. schwerenii E. Wolf and S. dasyclados Wimm.) were compared with respect to growth rhythm and frost hardening in the fall. Frost resistance of stem tissues was assessed by controlled freezing followed by analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and scoring of visible cambial discoloration. The fluorescence method proved superior to scoring based on visible cambial discoloration because it was more rapid and less subjective, but needed calibration against cambial damage. Frost hardening in mature parts of stems did not start until growth cessation was initiated in the shoot apices, irrespective of whether growth cessation occurred early or late in the fall. Frost resistance varied because of clonal variations in: (1) pre-hardening frost resistance; (2) timing of growth cessation and hence start of frost hardening; and (3) rate of frost hardening. Compared with coastal and southern clones, continental and northern clones started hardening earlier, and a continental clone proceeded through hardening more rapidly at a given temperature. A cross between a continental and coastal clone was intermediate in timing. The pre-hardening frost resistance, however, was unrelated to both growth and frost hardening characteristics.     

降香黄檀在肇庆市属国有林场适生性评价

薇甘菊是一种危害严重的外来入侵物种,也是我国林业检疫性有害生物。文章根据薇甘菊的生物学特性,选择对菊科植物有高活性的药剂成分进行复配研制药剂,经室内和林间的药效试验,筛选出能高效防治薇甘菊且对环境安全的新药剂——24%二氯吡啶酸·2,4-滴水剂,商品名为"紫薇清"。     

Field performance of containerized black spruce seedlings with root systems damaged by freezing or pruning

Roots of 2-year-old black spruce seedlings (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) were exposed to freezing temperatures to destroy 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the root systems. For comparison, other root systems were pruned to eliminate the same proportions of roots. Treated and control seedlings were planted in spring 1992 at Forêt Montmorency (the Université Laval forest research station, 50 km north of Quebec City). From 1992 to 1995, survival, shoot height and stem diameter were measured. Mortality mainly occurred in 1993, the year after planting; pruned seedlings showed practically no mortality while seedlings with 20, 40, 60, and 80% of their root systems affected by frost showed mortality rates of 0, 6, 17, and 24%, respectively. Shoot height and stem diameter decreased with increasing root damage when compared to controls. After three years on the planting site, shoot height was reduced by 2, 8, 11, and 18% while stem diameter was reduced by 4, 21, 25, and 24% for 20, 40, 60, and 80% frost damage, respectively. For pruned seedlings, shoot height was increased by 3% at 20% damage and was decreased by 1, 3, and 13% for 40, 60, and 80% root damage while stem diameter was reduced by 1, 4, 8, 19% for 20, 40, 60, and 80% respectively. Use of damaged seedlings on the planting sites should be limited in order to reduce the cost of replacement planting.