Molecular mapping of QTLs for yield and its components under two water supply conditions in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

Moisture stress is the major constraint to rice production and its stability in rainfed, mainly irrigated, and aerobic environments. Identification of genomic regions conferring tolerance to stress would improve our understanding of the genetics of stress response and result in the development of drought tolerant cultivars. In the present study, quantitative trait loci for drought response related traits and as well as grain yield were identified using a set of 140 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the popular high-yielding variety, IR64 and the landrace, INRC10192. A total of 36 QTL were identified for grain yield and its components under control and stress conditions. Strikingly, a QTL cluster flanked by the markers RM38 and RM331 on chromosome 8 was found to be associated with grain yield, plant height, no. of productive tillers, chaffy grains, and spikelet fertility on secondary rachis and biomass under stress treatment. The genomic regions associated with these QTL under drought stress will be useful for the development of marker-based breeding for drought tolerant, high-yielding varieties suited to drought-prone areas.     

Molecular marker assisted tagging of morphological and physiological traits under two contrasting moisture regimes at peak vegetative stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Root morphology under well-watered conditions sampled on two occasions and under low-moisture stress was studied in a randomly chosen subset of 56 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between IR64 and Azucena at two growth stages during the vegetative stage. A molecular map of the same population served as the basis for locating QTLs controlling root morphology and associated traits. The region flanking the RFLP markers RZ730 and RZ801 on chromosome 1 were associated with plant height in all three sampling environments. This position corresponds to sd-1 a semi-dwarfing gene. A total of 15 QTL were detected at the two developmental stages, of which only three QTL were common. Region flanked by RG157 and RZ318 (chromosome 2) contained QTL for root thickness under two different developmental stages. In total, 21 QTL for different traits were detected under low-moisture stress condition. While two QTL for plant height on chromosomes 1 and 3 were common, none of the loci for root morphological traits was common between the two different moisture regimes. The chromosomal segment between RG171 and RG157 contained QTL controlling tiller number per plant, total root length, root volume and total root number per plant. Absence of common QTL for root traits between two developmental stages and two moisture regimes suggests the existence of parallel genetic pathways operating at different growth stages and moisture regimes. Root volume and total root number per plant decreased significantly under stress, whereas maximum root length and plant height exhibited non-significant increases under stress. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Identification of drought responsive QTLs during vegetative growth stage of rice using a saturated GBS-based SNP linkage map

Drought is a major abiotic constraint for rice production worldwide. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance traits identified in earlier studies have large confidence intervals due to low density linkage maps. Further, these studies largely focused on the above ground traits. Therefore, this study aims to identify QTLs for root and shoot traits at the vegetative growth stage using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) based saturated SNP linkage map. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between Cocodrie and N-22 was evaluated for eight morphological traits under drought stress. Drought was imposed to plants grown in 75 cm long plastic pots at the vegetative growth stage. Using a saturated SNP linkage map, 14 additive QTLs were identified for root length, shoot length, fresh root mass, fresh shoot mass, number of tillers, dry root mass, dry shoot mass, and root-shoot ratio. Majority of the drought responsive QTLs were located on chromosome 1. The expression of QTLs varied under stress and irrigated condition. Shoot length QTLs qSL1.38 and qSL1.11 were congruent to dry shoot mass QTL qDSM1.38 and dry root mass QTL qDRM1.11, respectively. Analysis of genes present within QTL confidence intervals revealed many potential candidate genes such as laccase, Calvin cycle protein, serine threonine protein kinase, heat shock protein, and WRKY protein. Another important gene, Brevis radix, present in the root length QTL region, was known to modulate root growth through cell proliferation and elongation. The candidate genes and the QTL information will be helpful for marker-assisted pyramiding to improve drought tolerance in rice.     

Mapping of QTL associated with waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance during the seedling stage in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Soil waterlogging and drought are major environmental stresses that suppress rapeseed (Brassica napus) growth and yield. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance at the rapeseed seedling stage, we generated a doubled haploid (DH) population consisting of 150 DH lines from a cross between two B. napus lines, namely, line No2127-17 × 275B F₄ (waterlogging-tolerant and drought-resistant) and line Huyou15 × 5900 F₄ (waterlogging-sensitive and drought-sensitive). A genetic linkage map was constructed using 183 simple sequence repeat and 157 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for the DH population. Phenotypic data were collected under waterlogging, drought and control conditions, respectively, in two experiments. Five traits (plant height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight) were investigated. QTL associated with the five traits, waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC) and drought resistance coefficient (DRC) of all the traits were identified via composite interval mapping, respectively. A total of 28 QTL were resolved for the five traits under control conditions, 26 QTL for the traits under waterlogging stresses and 31 QTL for the traits under drought conditions. Eleven QTL were detected by the WTC, and 19 QTL related to DRC were identified. The results suggest that the genetic bases of both waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance are complex. Some of the QTL for waterlogging tolerance-related traits overlapped with QTL for drought resistance-related traits, indicating that the genetic bases of waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance in the DH population were related in some degree.     

大田环境下玉米抗旱相关性状QTL定位

干旱是世界范围内导致玉米产量损失的主要因素。为了阐明玉米抗旱性的遗传基础并定位相关的数量性状位点,利用抗旱自交系临1和敏感的湘97-7组配160个F2:3家系定位群体,于2011年在湖南省作物研究所和长沙县高桥镇,分别在大田干旱胁迫和正常水分条件下进行表型鉴定。所考察性状包括抽雄至吐丝间隔、株高、千粒重和产量,用抗旱系数来衡量抗旱性。结果表明,110个SSR标记构建连锁图,图谱总长1246.1 cM,标记间平均距离11.33 cM。抗旱相关性状定位的QTL介于8～14个,共检测到43个QTL。单个QTL解释的表型变异为6.27%～18.27%。不同水分条件下定位到的QTL大多数不相同,表明对干旱胁迫的适应存在不同机制。抗旱性相关性状定位到的QTL,除第2和10染色体外,在其它染色体上都有分布,主要集中在第1染色体1.02-03区域和1.06-07区域,以及第3染色体3.04-05区域。第1染色体标记umc2224和bnlg176区间同时检测到与株高、千粒重和产量有关的QTL簇;标记bnlg1556和umc1128区间检测到与抽雄至吐丝间隔和产量有关的QTL簇。第3染色体标记umc1773和umc1311区间同时检测到与株高、千粒重和产量有关的QTL簇。这些QTL簇可能有助于通过分子标记辅助选择的方法提高干旱地区玉米的抗旱性。     

Characterization of the effect of a QTL for drought resistance in rice, qtl12.1, over a range of environments in the Philippines and eastern India

A large-effect QTL for grain yield under drought conditions (qtl12.1) was reported in a rice mapping population derived from Vandana and Way Rarem. Here, we measured the effect of qtl12.1 on grain yield and associated traits in 21 field trials: ten at IRRI in the Philippines and 11 in the target environment of eastern India. The relative effect of the QTL on grain yield increased with increasing intensity of drought stress, from having no effect under well-watered conditions to having an additive effect of more than 40% of the trial mean in the most severe stress treatments. The QTL improved grain yield in nine out of ten direct-seeded upland trials where drought stress was severe or moderate, but no effect was measured under well-watered aerobic conditions or under transplanted lowland conditions. These trials confirm that qtl12.1 has a large and consistent effect on grain yield under upland drought stress conditions, in a wide range of environments.     

Trait identification and QTL validation for reproductive stage drought resistance in rice using selective genotyping of near flowering RILs

Drought resistance is becoming an indispensable character for rice improvement due to the dwindling global water resources. Genetic improvement for drought resistance is achieved through physiological dissection and genetic analysis of independent component traits associated with crop productivity under stress. A subset mapping population of 93 near flowering recombinant inbred lines with uniform phenology was constituted for genetic analysis of reproductive stage drought resistance. The population was phenotyped for 22 physio-morphological traits under two contrasting water regimes imposed at reproductive stage. Broad sense heritabilities of morphological traits were lower under stress than irrigated. Predominant association of plant height, panicle exsertion and harvest index with grain yield were observed under stress. The sustenance of panicle exsertion through maintaining growth during moisture stress was found as a significant trait associated with the grain yield through minimizing spikelet sterility. Selective genotyping was carried out with 23 polymorphic microsatellite markers of the established target genomic regions for drought resistance. The study validated the association of a QTL region on the long arm of chromosome 1 with plant height, panicle length, panicle exsertion, biological yield and stomatal conductance under stress. This region, flanked by markers RM246 and RM315, was known to possess the semi-dwarf gene, sd-1. Role of another major interval lying between RM256 and RM149 on chromosome 8 in defining the drought resistance could be established through identification of QTLs associated with leaf rolling, panicle exsertion, plant height, panicle length, senescence and biological yield under moisture stress condition. Few other QTLs were also identified.     

山西省小麦苗期根系性状及抗旱特性分析

小麦苗期根系形态是成株期根系分布的基础,与抗逆和产量密切相关,全面认识苗期根系及抗旱特性,对于抗旱优异种质的利用和早期筛选具有重要意义。采用239份山西省小麦品种(系)在土培条件下,研究了苗期根系性状及对水分胁迫的响应。结果表明,正常生长下山西小麦苗期根系性状多样性丰富,地方种变异最大;不同年代品种中,除最大根长随年代略下降外,其他性状均呈先升后降的趋势;不同根系性状对水分胁迫响应存在差异,总根长对水分最敏感,其次为根表面积、根体积和根生物量,最大根长和平均根数不敏感。苗期根系综合抗旱能力随年代呈先降后升的趋势,地方种和20世纪70年代品种多为中抗,80和90年代的品种抗旱性较低,2000年以后审定品种的抗性较高,其中旱地品种抗性最好。苗期根系抗旱特性与产量性状相关分析发现,最大根长、总根长、根体积和根生物量与雨养条件下的千粒重和产量显著正相关,最大根长和根生物量与成株期抗旱性也显著正相关。因此苗期最大根长和根生物量可作为半干旱地区旱地育种过程中抗旱性和产量的早期筛选指标。     

Contrasting rice backcross inbred lines (BILs) for grain yield and heading under lowland reproductive stage moisture stress

Identification and understanding the role of physio-morphological drought responsive mechanisms leading to grain yield enhancement under water stress is a critical insight for designing appropriate strategies to breed drought-tolerant cultivars for any drought prone ecology. In this study, three pairs of contrasting BILs with varied maturity were characterized for several agronomical, physiological and morphological traits across a wide range of moisture stress environments at reproductive stage during 2012–2014. Within each group, BILs differ significantly for grain yield, heading, biomass and harvest index under drought stress, but showed similar yield potential, phenology and other traits under control condition. The most tolerant BIL, S-15 out yielded all BILs and standard checks under both conditions. Apart from superior agronomic performance, drought tolerant BILs maintained significantly higher assimilation rate, transpiration rate and transpiration efficiency compared to susceptible BILs under stress in all three groups. In addition, most tolerant BIL (S-15) showed significantly higher stomatal conductance than susceptible BIL (S-55) in early group. Among root traits, significant differences under stress was observed for root dry weight between contrasting BILs in each group, even though tolerant BILs had higher root length and root volume compared to susceptible BILs, which is non-significant. Hence, consideration of root traits an important strategy for drought avoidance in case of rice may not always contributes to significant yield improvement under moisture stress condition. Further, tolerant BILs also recorded significantly higher shoot dry weight and drought recovery score at seedling stage under stress. Our findings suggest that genotypes with higher photosynthetic efficiency and better plant water status are able to produce higher grain yield under drought stress environments.     

非生物胁迫条件小麦根系性状的遗传学基础研究进展

作物根系与水肥利用密切相关,发掘根系性状相关遗传位点或候选基因,对于培育适宜特定土壤环境的小麦新品种具有重要意义。为系统了解低氮磷供应、盐碱、干旱等非生物胁迫对根系的影响,以及小麦根系性状遗传定位进展,本研究对近几十年相关文献进行了调研。发现尽管目前对小麦根系性状遗传解析工作已有较多报道,但许多根系性状QTL区间在不同研究间难以吻合,限制了分子标记开发和候选基因的发掘。随着高密度SNP芯片的开发及全基因组重测序技术的发展,今后整合"表型组"、"基因组"、"转录组"和"代谢组"对特定环境条件下小麦根系性状进行解析,可快速、高效地发掘特定环境条件下的优异等位变异和候选基因。本研究对于了解非生物胁迫条件小麦根系性状的遗传学基础具有参考价值。     

水、旱稻根基粗和抗旱系数QTL的标记辅助选择及验证

利用水、旱稻杂交、回交所产生的4个分离群体对RIL群体定位到的抗旱相关的根基粗、抗旱系数2个QTL进行了选择验证。结果表明，根基粗、抗旱系数QTL的两侧标记在不同群体、不同的遗传背景中遗传稳定。在旱田种植条件下，YIBC1、JIBC1、JIF2 3个分离群体携带有根基粗QTL brt4.1两侧标记有利等位基因的个体与没有携带brt4.1两侧     

利用回交导入系定位干旱环境下水稻植株水分状况相关QTL

日益严重的水资源危机使水稻的耐旱育种尤为迫切, 干旱环境下较高的植株水分含量有助于提高或维持作物产量的稳定性, 挖掘与耐旱性密切相关的分子标记有助于提高耐旱品种的选育效率。从供体Lemont (粳稻)导入到特青(籼稻)背景的254个高代回交导入系中筛选出覆盖供体全基因组的55个回交导入系, 采用PVC管栽培, 分析了干旱(胁迫)条件下水稻植株水分状况相关性状与籽粒产量、生物量的相关性并定位了相关QTL。研究表明, 植株水分相关性状(相对含水量、叶片水势、渗透势、卷叶度)均与籽粒产量显著相关。检测到7个相对含水量QTL, 7个叶片水势QTL, 5个渗透势QTL及5个卷叶QTL; 另检测到5个产量QTL, 7个生物量QTL。分析发现, 不仅QLwp5、QLr5、QRwc5和QY5同时分布在RM509~RM163区域, 且该区域还分布有对水分环境表现稳定的产量QTL(QGy5), 效应方向一致, 从遗传学角度解释了籽粒产量与水分相关性状之间的显著相关性。另外, QLr5、QRwc5、QY5、QLr2、QLr7、QLr8、QLr9、QRwc3、QRwc4a、QRwc12及QY7 等11个QTL曾在不同遗传背景群体中被检测到, 它们控制相同目标性状。研究认为RM509~RM163区域及QLr2、QLr7、QLr8、QLr9、QRwc3、QRwc4a、QRwc12和QY7所分布的染色体区域对水分环境或者遗传背景相对稳定, 在水稻分子标记辅助选择(MAS)耐旱育种实践中有较重要利用价值。     

水分胁迫对云南陆稻主要农艺性状的影响

为了揭示水分胁迫对陆稻主要农艺性状的影响,以21 个云南陆稻品种为材料,对其9 个主要农艺性状在旱作和水培2 种水分管理模式下的变化规律以及与旱作产量的相关关系进行分析。结果表明：陆稻旱作较水作生育期延长、有效穂数降低、实粒数减少、结实率下降、千粒重降低。水分胁迫下陆稻各主要农艺性状与抗旱系数的通径分析表明：陆稻的多种农艺性状均与其抗旱能力有着不同程度的依存关系,但是与旱作产量关系最密切、影响最大、最直接的还是有效穗数、实粒数、千粒重这3 个指标。因此在陆稻栽培过程中,宜采用“稳穗、增粒、增重”的高产生产措施。通过采取适宜的措施,在适当增加穗数的前提下,通过提高陆稻的结实率和千粒重实现高产。     

Functional mechanisms of drought tolerance in maize through phenotyping and genotyping under well watered and water stressed conditions

Developing tolerant genotypes is crucial for stabilizing maize productivity under drought stress conditions as it is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yields. Twenty seven genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for drought tolerance for three seasons under well watered and water stressed conditions to identify interactions amongst various tolerance traits and grain yield as well as their association with SSR markers. The study revealed considerable genetic diversity and significant variations for genotypes, environment and genotype × environment interactions for all the traits. The ranking of genotypes based on drought susceptibility index for morpho-physiological traits was similar to that based on grain yield and principal component analysis. Analysis of trait – trait and trait – yield associations indicated significant positive correlations amongst the water relations traits of relative water content (RWC), leaf water potential and osmotic potential as well as of RWC with grain yield under water stressed condition. Molecular analysis using 40 SSRs revealed 32 as polymorphic and 62 unique alleles were detected across 27 genotypes. Cluster analysis resulted in categorization of the genotypes into five distinct groups which was similar to that using principal component analysis. Based on overall performance across seasons tolerant and susceptible genotypes were identified for eventual utilization in breeding programs as well as for QTL identification. The marker-trait association analysis revealed significant associations between few SSR markers with water relations as well as yield contributing traits under water stressed conditions. These associations highlight the importance of functional mechanisms of intrinsic tolerance and cumulative traits for drought tolerance in maize.     

Quantitative trait loci for stay-greenness and agronomic traits provide new insights into chlorophyll homeostasis and nitrogen use in rice

Functional stay-green (FSG) is characterized by delayed senescence during the reproductive stage in rice. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from ‘Pusa 677’/‘PSG16’ was used to study the genetics of FSG in a rice mutant, ‘PSG16’. The RILs exhibited significant variation under two N regimes for agro-morphological traits, leaf chlorophyll content, flowering time, yield components and nitrogen (N) use. Using a genome wide linkage map spanning 1910.8 cM with 104 polymorphic markers, we have mapped six major quantitative trait loci (QTLs). One robust QTL on chromosome 1 was associated consistently across different N regimes with chlorophyll content and flowering time. The QTL on chromosome 7 was associated with grain number, whereas the QTL on chromosome 6 was found related to N harvest index and spikelet fertility. Although ‘PSG16’ showed a clear advantage in grain yield as well as having better N assimilation, we could not establish a direct genetic relationship SG trait and N use. Based on the QTL information, FSG trait of ‘PSG16’ could be useful in deciphering multiple stress responses in rice.     

Quantitative trait locus mapping of drought and salt tolerance in an introgressed recombinant inbred line population of Upland cotton under the greenhouse and field conditions

Drought and salt tolerances are complex traits and controlled by multiple genes, environmental factors and their interactions. Drought and salt stresses can result in more than 50% yield loss in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). G. barbadense L. (the source of Pima cotton) carries desirable traits such as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress along with high fiber quality. However, few studies have been reported on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for abiotic stress tolerance using a permanent bi-parental population in multiple tests. The transfer of drought and salt tolerance from Pima to Upland cotton has been a challenge due to interspecific hybrid breakdown. This issue may be overcome by using introgression lines with genes transferred from Pima to Upland cotton. In this study, four replicated tests were conducted in the greenhouse each for drought and salt tolerance along with another test conducted in a field for drought tolerance using an Upland recombinant inbred line population of TM-1/NM24016 that has a stable introgression from Pima cotton. The objectives of the study were to investigate the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance and to identify genetic markers associated with the abiotic stress tolerance. A total of 1004 polymorphic DNA marker loci including RGA-AFLP, SSR and GBS-SNP markers were used to construct a genetic map spanning 2221.28 cM. This population together with its two parents was evaluated for morphological, physiological, yield and fiber quality traits. The results showed that drought under greenhouse and field conditions and salt stress in the greenhouse reduced cotton plant growth at the seedling stage, and decreased lint yield and fiber quality traits in the field. A total of 165 QTL for salt and drought tolerance were detected on most of the cotton chromosomes, each explaining 5.98–21.43% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, common QTL for salt and drought tolerance were detected under both the greenhouse and field conditions. This study represents the first study to report consistent abiotic stress tolerance QTL from multiple tests in the greenhouse and the field that will be useful to understand the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance and to breeding for abiotic stress tolerance using molecular marker-assisted selection in cotton.     

利用染色体片段代换系定位水稻叶片形态性状QTL

水稻叶片形态是理想株型的重要组成部分,控制叶片形态基因的挖掘对于塑造水稻理想株型,实现水稻超高产目标具有重要意义。本研究利用广陆矮4号为受体亲本,日本晴为供体亲本构建的一套染色体片段代换系,对水稻上三叶(倒一叶、倒二叶和倒三叶)形态性状与单株籽粒产量进行了相关性分析,并开展了相关QTL定位。结果表明,除剑叶宽外,水稻上三叶的叶长、叶宽都与单株产量呈极显著正相关。同时,通过单因素方差分析和Dunnett’s多重比较,在两年间重复检测到20个控制叶形的QTL,其中叶长QTL 13个(8个表现正向效应,5个表现负向效应);叶宽QTL 7个(4个表现正向效应,3个表现负向效应)。这些QTL的鉴定为水稻叶形性状的分子改良提供了重要遗传信息。     

水稻剑叶角度与主穗产量的遗传剖析

理想水稻株型的选育与高产育种密切相关,而剑叶角度则是构成水稻理想株型的重要指标之一,同时也是影响水稻产量的重要因素。合理开发利用水稻中控制剑叶角度及产量相关的数量性状基因座位（QTL）,并结合分子育种技术,可更好地为高产制繁种目标服务。通过应用由244个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系（RIL）群体,构建含256个分子标记的连锁图谱,采用QTL区间作图法对剑叶角度及主穗产量等5个性状进行定位分析,共检测到17个QTL,分布于染色体1、2、3、5、6、9、10、11。这些QTL对相应性状的贡献率介于3.46%~25.64%之间。在第1染色体上检测到控制5个性状的QTL,其中控制剑叶角度的两个QTL;在第2、3、9、10、11染色体上分别检测到各一个QTL;第5染色体上检测到控制剑叶、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数的3个QTL;1个每穗实粒数和2个每穗实粒重的QTL分布于第6染色体上。多个区间表现出对两个性状的显著作用,其中第1染色体2个,第6染色体1个。相关性分析表明,较小的剑叶角度可通过提高结实率进而显著增加产量。     

Genetic analysis and phenotypic associations for drought tolerance in Hordeum spontaneum introgression lines using SSR and SNP markers

Associations between markers and drought related traits were investigated on a set of 57 advanced barley breeding lines, carrying various levels of introgression from Hordeum spontaneum lines 41-1 and 41-5, the best sources of drought tolerance in the ICARDA barley breeding program, using 74 simple sequences repeats (SSR) and 20 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The 57 lines were evaluated for grain yield and drought related traits for three years (2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06) in nine Mediterranean low rainfall environments. A high level of polymorphism was found with SSR markers, and the mean polymorphism information content and gene diversity values were 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 11, with an average of 5.8 alleles per marker. Considering all the 57 lines, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was significant at a comparison-wise P?<?0.01 level in nearly 9 % of the SSR marker pairs used and a decay of LD was observed to a value of r ²?<?0.2 at a genetic distance of 40?cM. The association analysis revealed a total of 147 significant marker?Ctrait associations for grain yield and drought related traits. A total of 72 (49 %) marker?Ctrait associations showed favorable effects of the exotic germplasm where the H. spontaneum lines contributed to an improvement of the trait under drought stress conditions. The number of significant marker?Ctrait associations per trait were: 12 for growth habit; 2 for growth vigor; 11 for peduncle extrusion; 5 for number of grains per spike; 20 for peduncle length; 16 for days to heading; 20 for plant height; 8 for spike length; 17 for thousand kernel weight; 30 for grain yield; 4 for harvest index and 2 for biological yield. The phenotypic variation explained by individual marker?Ctrait associations ranged from 7.6 % to 36.2 %. The identification of genomic regions associated with grain yield and drought related traits is useful for the genetic improvement of cultivars better adapted to drought stress environments. Thus, the present study is encouraging in identifying significant marker?Ctrait associations through LD based association mapping analysis, which could complement and augment previous quantitative trait loci information for the potential use of Marker Assisted Selection for drought.     

水稻第2染色体上抗旱相关性状QTL的精细定位

水资源危机使得水稻抗旱性的遗传与育种研究成为当今的研究热点之一。鉴定与水稻抗旱性直接相关的性状和产量的QTL,可为通过标记辅助选择培育抗旱水稻品种提供标记信息。以从供体IRAT109渗入到珍汕97B背景的269个高代回交渗入系中筛选出覆盖第2染色体目标区段的87个近等基因系为材料,在抗旱鉴定大棚中采用控制式供水,精细定位了水处理(对照)与干旱胁迫条件下影响水稻水分生理及产量相关性状的QTL。共检测到20个影响叶水势(LWP)、冠层温度(CT)、茎基粗(BCT)等性状相关QTL和百粒重(HGW)、每穗颖花数(SN)、着粒密度(SPD)等产量相关QTL。根据在不同环境下的表达情况,将其分为3类,第1类7个QTL,在两种环境下均被检测到;第2类4个,只在对照条件下检测到;第3类2个,分别控制叶水势和颈基粗,受干旱胁迫诱导,只在胁迫条件下被检测到,其中,叶水势定位在RIO02037-RIO02038约8.2 kb的区段上, 其加性效应和贡献率分别为-1.0361和13.03%,增效等位基因来自IRAT109;茎基粗定位在RIO02017-RIO02022约37.7 kb的区段内,加性效应和贡献率分别为0.2682和49.20%,增效等位基因来自珍汕97B。在水、旱2种条件下均检测到的相对稳定的7个QTL及干旱胁迫条件下的2个QTL可能对抗旱性有直接贡献。