Effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance of sows during the first two parities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance during the first two parities. Gilts were randomly allocated to receive three fibrous diets from days 1-90 of gestation, including low fibre [low fiber (LF), 10.8% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), n=132], middle fibre [middle fiber (MF), 15.8% NDF, n=132] and high fibre diet (HF, 20.8% NDF, n=135), until completion of the second parity. Response criteria included backfat measurements, litter size and pig weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation, weaning-oestrus-interval, oestrus rate, sow farrowing and culling rate, uniformity of newborns and relative organ weights. The results showed sows fed LF diet in parity 1 gained more backfat (p<0.05) during gestation but lost more (p<0.05) during lactation than sows fed HF diet. Furthermore, sows fed LF diet farrowed more pigs (+0.7-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and pigs born alive (+1.0 pigs, p<0.05) relative to sows fed HF diet. Likewise, sows fed LF and MF diets had greater litter weights at parturition (both p=0.06) and day 22 after lactation (both p<0.05). In parity 2, yet, it was MF diet to increase both total pigs born and pigs born alive (+0.9-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and litter weight (p=0.05) relative to other diets. After 22 d of lactation, intriguingly, sows fed HF diet had most pigs alive (p<0.01-0.07) and heavier litter weight (p=0.07 or 0.2). Feeding HF diet also increased internal organs weight of newborns (p<0.05). Collectively, feeding LF and MF diets had beneficial effects on litter weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation in parity 1, and feeding MF diet until parity 2 was able to improve litter size and weight at parturition, but this positive effect disappeared after 22 days of lactation, instead feeding HF diet showed the optimal litter performance.     

妊娠期背膘与母猪繁殖性能的关系

母猪的繁殖性能是猪场主要生产指标之一,而母猪背膘厚与繁殖性能之间存在相关。为探究背膘厚与繁殖性能的关系,进而为提高猪场母猪繁殖性能提供指导,本研究以温氏种猪公司新法系经产大白母猪为研究对象,收集各阶段背膘厚和繁殖性状数据,分析妊娠期各阶段背膘厚与母猪繁殖性能的关系。结果:在开始配种、妊娠28 d、妊娠80 d、妊娠112 d的背膘厚分别为15～22 mm、15～22 mm、19～22 mm、15～22 mm范围时,妊娠期各阶段母猪具有较好繁殖性能。研究表明,生产中保持妊娠期较适背膘厚能够提高母猪的繁殖性能。     

泌乳期母猪的饲喂频率对其体况、生产和繁殖性能的影响

文章评估了哺乳期间母猪的饲喂频率(2或3次/d)对母猪体况、繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选择68头母猪,随机分为8组(每组8~10头母猪),哺乳期间其中4组母猪每天饲喂2次,另外4组每天饲喂3次,母猪分为青年母猪(<2胎次)和老龄母猪(≥3胎次),试验结束后记录母猪体况评分、肩部组织病变、发情率、母猪生产及仔猪生长性能。结果显示:每天饲喂3次的母猪比饲喂2次的母猪采食量高(P<0.05),肩部组织病变低(P<0.05)。在每天饲喂3次的母猪中,青年母猪返情率为0%,老龄母猪返情率为29%,而在每天饲喂2次的母猪中,青年母猪发情率为20%,老龄母猪为5%。综上所述,在哺乳期,母猪每天饲喂3次较每天饲喂2次提高了采食量,对母猪体况评分和肩部组织病变有改善作用,同时也降低了年轻母猪的返情率。     

Supplemental biotin for swine. II. Influence of supplementation to corn- and wheat-based diets on reproductive performance and various biochemical criteria of sows during four parities

Data from 116 females previously fed a corn-soybean basal diet with 0 or 220 micrograms supplemental biotin/kg during growth and development were used to study the influence of 0 (NB) or 440 (SB) micrograms of supplemental biotin/kg to corn-(C) or wheat-(W) based diets for gilts and sows housed in total confinement. Reproductive performance through four parities (total of 245 litters) and various sow and pig biochemical criteria were evaluated. Females fed W diets were older (P less than .07) at first estrus, farrowed litters that were lighter weight (P less than .01) at birth and that contained fewer (P less than .05) total and live pigs compared with females fed C diets. Biotin supplementation did not significantly influence (P greater than .10) farrowing and lactation performance; however, after the first parity, total and live pigs/litter at farrowing tended to be larger for SB females. Conception rate at first estrus postpartum was increased (P less than .07) by 9% and the average weaning to estrus interval was reduced (P less than .05) from 14.5 to 10.2 d with SB. Biotin supplementation increased (P less than .001) the biotin content of sow plasma, milk and liver, while sow liver pyruvate carboxylase activity was not altered (P greater than .10). Pigs farrowed by SB females had three- and fivefold higher (P less than .001) levels of plasma biotin at birth and 14 d of age, respectively; however, liver biotin levels at birth were not different (P greater than .10) for pigs from NB and SB females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

长大、长本和内江母猪繁殖成绩调查分析

本研究调查了97头农民散养哺乳母猪（其中长大二杂母猪33头,长本二杂母猪33头,内江母猪31头）的繁殖成绩,结果表明,在窝产间隔、窝产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重上,长本二杂母猪、内江母猪表现正常,长大二杂母猪在断奶窝重上表现较好成绩,但其余3项指标差,存在着严重的繁殖障碍,问题在于圈舍规划不合理、营养水平不科学和饲养管理技术不成熟.     

脂肪酶和脂肪粉对母猪产仔性能、体况及断奶发情间隔的影响

旨在研究脂肪酶和脂肪粉对母猪产仔性能、体况及断奶发情间隔的影响。选择妊娠80 d的经产健康新美系长白、大白原种母猪各36头,随机分为9组,每组4头长白、4头大白,采用3×3双因子设计,即脂肪酶设0%、0.02%、0.03%三个水平,脂肪粉设0%、1%、2%三个水平。试验从母猪妊娠80 d开始至分娩后结束,其中预饲期5 d。结果:①产仔性能:不同脂肪酶水平对母猪的各项产仔性能指标影响均不显著(P>0.05),但平均初生重、平均初生窝重有随着脂肪酶增加而明显提高的趋势;不同脂肪粉水平对母猪的平均窝产活仔数、平均初生重、平均初生窝重影响均不显著,但随脂肪粉增加有提高的趋势。②体况:2%脂肪粉组妊娠背膘增厚显著高于0%脂肪粉组(P<0.05),泌乳期背膘损失最少,断奶发情间隔最短。在泌乳期背膘损失方面,0.03%脂肪酶组表现最理想。③发情间隔:2%脂肪粉组及0.03%脂肪酶组间隔最短。试验表明,炎热的夏季,在日粮中添加2%脂肪粉及0.03%脂肪酶对母猪产仔性能、体况以及断奶发情间隔方面最好。     

饲养管理、环境及体况对妊娠母猪繁殖性能影响的研究进展

在母猪饲养过程中,通过考虑到个体差异可以降低饲料成本,从而提高动物生产效率.因此,对母猪进行精准饲喂可以提供有关动物生产性能和生活条件的实时信息,这些信息应被集成到需求估计中.到目前为止,只有体重和背膘厚度的生产数据被集成到个体营养需求计算中.但文献报道,健康状况和行为(如身体活动、社会行为和在围栏中的位置)会强烈影响...     

维生素及类维生素对母猪繁殖性能的影响

当前非洲猪瘟给我国养猪业造成很大的损失,繁殖母猪的存栏量急剧减少,造成猪肉供需平衡失调。那么,如何提高母猪的繁殖性能,提供更多的商品猪,成为养殖场管理者关注的焦点。文章就提高母猪繁殖性能的关键环节和维生素及类维生素对母猪繁殖性能影响进行综述。     

苜蓿素和胎次对母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究苜蓿素和胎次对母猪繁殖性能的影响,选择90头母猪,头胎、二胎和三胎各30头,每个胎次分为2个处理,分别饲喂试验日粮(添加500 g/t苜蓿素)和基础日粮,共6个处理,每个处理15个重复,每个重复1头母猪,饲养试验时间为配种至产仔。结果表明,日粮添加苜蓿素能显著降低弱仔数(P<0.05),在延长母猪妊娠期的同时提高产仔均重(P<0.01),但有增加死胎的趋势;胎次能显著提高健仔数(P<0.05)和死胎数(P<0.01),影响产仔均重(P<0.05),有增加产仔数和降低弱仔数的趋势;苜蓿素和胎次在弱仔数上有交互作用(P<0.05)。结果提示,随母猪胎次的增加会同时提高健仔数和死胎数,日粮添加苜蓿素可以延长妊娠期,提高健仔重,降低弱仔数,提高繁殖性能。     

Assessment of the influence of dietary vitamin E on sows and offspring in three parities: reproductive performance, tissue tocopherol, and effects on progeny

Sixty crossbred (Yorkshire-Hampshire X Duroc) gilts were fed one of four corn-soybean meal diets fortified with .3 ppm Se and 0, 16, 33, or 66 IU of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg. The study was conducted over a three-parity period to evaluate sow reproductive performance and the vitamin E tissue status of both sows and progeny at various time periods postcoitum and(or) postpartum. The basal diet averaged 8.4 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg and .38 ppm of Se. Although litter size at birth was lowest (P less than .15) when sows were fed the basal diet, a higher incidence of agalactia when sows were fed the lower dietary vitamin E levels resulted in an increased (P less than .05) litter size at 7 d postpartum as dietary vitamin E increased. Sow serum alpha-tocopherol increased (P less than .01) at each measurement period as dietary vitamin E level increased. Colostrum and milk alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased (P less than .01) as dietary vitamin E level increased, and colostrum values were three to five times higher than at later milks. Colostrum alpha-tocopherol declined by parity from sows fed less than or equal to 16 IU/kg but was similar at each parity for sows fed greater than or equal to 33 IU/kg, resulting in a dietary vitamin E x parity interaction (P less than .01). The Se content of sow milk declined with parity but was not affected by dietary vitamin E level. Sow liver tocopherol at weaning (28 d postpartum) increased (P less than .01) as dietary vitamin E increased and increased with parity (P less than .05). Pig serum and liver alpha-tocopherol concentrations were elevated at birth and 7 and 28 d of age as sow dietary level of vitamin E increased. Upon weaning, pigs were fed a torula yeast-dextrose diet that contained 3.0 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg and .32 ppm Se for a 28-d postweaning period. Liver and serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations declined during the postweaning period. Evidence of the vitamin E deficiency occurred at 28 d postweaning in the progeny from sows fed the basal diet or 16 IU of vitamin E; the incidence was more prevalent in the pigs from Parities II and III. These results suggest that a supplemental level of 16 IU of vitamin E/kg of diet was inadequate for the reproducing sow; higher levels are justified, particularly when females are retained in the herd for several parities.     

胎次、配种季节对大约克母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究胎次、配种季节对大约克母猪繁殖性能的影响,运用SPSS 16.0软件对753窝大约克纯种母猪的产仔数、出生窝重和断奶窝重等进行比较分析。结果表明：产总仔数第8胎最高（15.25头）,与第1胎差异显著（P＜0.05）,总的呈现随胎次增加而上升的趋势。大约克母猪春季和冬季配种产总仔数与秋季差异显著（P＜0.05）;冬季配种母猪的出生窝重、断奶均重、断奶窝重均高于其他三季。     

镁对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其可能机理

镁是生物体内重要的阳离子,有重要的生理学功能,镁影响母猪繁殖性能已有报道.有关镁影响母猪繁殖性能的机理目前还缺乏深入研究报道.文章简述镁对母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据镁的生理功能从其抗应激、抗氧化、影响骨骼发育和免疫状态等角度阐述其可能机理.     

维生素与矿物质对母猪繁殖性能的研究进展

随着现代育种技术的进步．母猪的繁殖性能得到了极大提高．对繁殖母猪营养需要的研究也不断深人。维生素和矿物质对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要意义．影响母猪繁殖性能的维生素包括VA与β-胡萝卜素、VE、叶酸、生物素等,影响母猪繁殖性能的矿物质包括硒、铬、铁、钙、磷、锌等。     

日粮纤维对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通常 ,为保证最佳的经济性状和健康水平 ,对繁殖母猪要限制饲养以保持其体况在整个繁殖周期中相对恒定 (Dourmad等 ,1 994、1 996)。而限饲所提供的饲料水平仅占随意采食量的 0 40～ 0 60(Pettigrew和Blackshaw ,1 989;Brouns等 ,1 995 ) ,显然不能满足其采食需要 ,从而导致群饲时的攻击性和争食现象 (Appleby和Lawrence ,1 987;Terlouw等 ,1 991 ;Edwards,1 992 ;Terlouw和Lawrence ,1 993;Spooler,1 995 )。妊娠期限饲会降低仔猪初生重和成活率 ,母猪分娩和断奶时体脂沉积过少还会延迟断奶后的发情 ,并降低受孕率 ,导致母猪繁殖性…     

Effect of intramuscularly administered beta-carotene on reproductive performance in sows

The present study investigated the effects of intramuscularly administered beta-carotene on reproductive parameters in female pigs. A total of 216 multiparous sows were observed from weaning of their litters until the next farrowing. On the day of weaning, the animals were allocated to two groups. Sows of the treatment group were injected with 70 mg beta-carotene both at the day of weaning and after the last insemination, sows of the control group were left untreated. For all sows, intramuscular injection of beta-carotene resulted in a significant increase of the total number of piglets born per litter by 1.2 (p < 0.05). When sows were divided by parity, beta-carotene treatment in second parity sows increased the total number of piglets per litter (beta-carotene 13.7 +/- 1.2, control 11.2 +/- 3.7, p < 0.01) and the number of piglets born alive (beta-carotene 12.0 +/- 2.7, control 10.0 +/- 3.4, p < 0.05). No such effect was seen in sows of third or higher parity. No other reproductive parameters were affected by beta-carotene supplementation. Tolerability and safety of the administered preparation were good. No side effects related to the medication were observed. The effect of beta-carotene on reproduction is thus affected by parity of the sows. This effect seems to be exerted mainly during early pregnancy and is most likely beta-carotene-specific and independent from its role as a vitamin A precursor.     

Optimizing feeding regimen of replacement gilts to improve their reproductive performance and retention rate of their first 2 parities

The effects of age, body weight(BW), and backfat thickness(BF) of replacement gilts at first estrus and first mating on their subsequent reproductive performance and retention of their first 2 parities as sows was evaluated. A total of 3,025 Danish replacement gilts were categorized by farm(allocated to 4 farms),cross combination, age, BW and BF at first estrus and first mating, estrous cycle number at first mating,and flush feeding before first mating. The result shows that all the factors ment...