The puzzlement of quality broiler breeding and the possible solution

一、Problems facing quality chicken breeding1.Too many mixeditems of breeding company make different quality According to ourp reliminary statistics,ther ewere47enterprises specialized in superior chicken's breeding and promoting advertised in Poultry industry science and technology and China Poultry in 2003 and the first half year of 2004.In the whole country ,it is sure that these enterprises are a small amount of them.Too many enterprises make difficulties in management and levels are obv…     

Dairy sheep production research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,USA-a review

Commercial milking of sheep is a new agricultural industry in the United States starting approximately 30 yr ago. The industry is still small, but it is growing. The majority of the sheep milk is used in the production of specialty cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep milk cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual world exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerable growth potential for the industry in the United States. The only dairy sheep research flock in North America is located at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been multifaceted; dealing with several areas important to commercial dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and Lacaune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantly more milk than traditional meat-wool breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more lambs and slightly more milk than Lacaune-cross ewes whereas Lacaune-cross ewes produced milk with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. Lactation physiology studies have shown that ewes with active corpora lutea have increased milk yields, oxytocin release during milking is required to obtain normal fat percentages in the milk, large udder cisterns of dairy ewes can allow for increased milking intervals, and short daylengths during late pregnancy results in increased milk yield. In the nutrition area, legume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of legume will result in increased milk production. Grazing ewes respond to additional supplementation with increased milk yield, but it is important to match the supplement to the quality of the grazing. Ewes on high quality legume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradable protein respond with increased milk production to supplements high in energy and/or     

Export growth and diversification in Algeria:lessons from China’s foreign trade experience

Algeria like many of its Middle Eastern and North African(MENA) counterparts,rely heavily on the industry of fossil fuels,such as gas and petroleum.This big reliance of Algerian economy on hydrocarbon exports revenue makes it very vulnerable to external shocks.So since the late 1990s different measures had been adopted to help promote the diversification of exports,but so far the adoption of these measures,has mixed results and has failed to boost foreign trade out of Hydrocarbons exports in a significant way.But unlike Algeria,China has been the most successful developing country in this modern era of globalization.It was one of the poorest countries in the world in 1980s,and since initiating economic reform after 1978 its GDP has expanded at a steady rate over 10% and it`s foreign trade is considered as one of the most important in the world.Given these facts the purpose of this paper is to analyze,why Algeria struggles to develop and diversify its exports out of Hydrocarbons.And what are the engines of the impressive growth of china’s foreign trade,if any;lessons can Algeria take from china’s foreign trade experience.     

PREFACE

<正>Reproduction is essential for the health and well-being of humans,livestock,companion animals,and wildlife populations.Regarding animal agriculture,reproductive efficiency is a major limitation in many cases to economic success of the livestock enterprise.This is due to high rates of embryonic mortality and intra-uterine growth restriction that reduce reproductive efficiency and production of health offspring in humans and animals.A high level of reproductive performance for livestock species reduces the impact of animal agriculture on the     

Hepatic steatosis is associated with dysregulated cholesterol metabolism and altered protein acetylation dynamics in chickensOA

Background Hepatic steatosis is a prevalent manifestation of fatty liver, that has detrimental effect on the health and productivity of laying hens, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry. Here, we aimed to systematically investigate the genetic regulatory mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in laying hens.Methods Ninety individuals with the most prominent characteristics were selected from 686 laying hens according to the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, and were graded in...     

Development in the Process of Cooperation and Innovation

With the developing of the economy as well as the increasing of people＇s living standards in China, the industrial production of China＇s feed industry is expanding at the growth rate of 7%-8% annually. As a result, the feed additive sector is advancing vigorously. As a leader in the animal nutrition and the Methionine production in the world, Adissseo is the complex supplier of solid and liquid Methionine, vitamin and the enzyme. In Jan.,2006, China National Bluestar carried out the buying-out of French Adisseo, which promoted the French company development in China. Particularly in 2008, the decision of establishing a plant in Tianjin showed its attention to the market in China and the Asia-pacific regions. As the opening of Beijing VIV, Chert Guangpeng, chief-editor of Feed Industry Magazine, talked to Adisseo CEO, Mr. Gerard Deman on this issue.     

Epigenetics and transgenerational inheritance in domesticated farm animals

Epigenetics provides a molecular mechanism of inheritance that is not solely dependent on DNA sequence and that can account for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. Epigenetic changes underlie many normal developmental processes, and can lead to disease development as wel. While epigenetic effects have been studied in wel-characterized rodent models, less research has been done using agricultural y important domestic animal species. This review wil present the results of current epigenetic research using farm animal models(cattle, pigs, sheep and chickens). Much of the work has focused on the epigenetic effects that environmental exposures to toxicants, nutrients and infectious agents has on either the exposed animals themselves or on their direct offspring. Only one porcine study examined epigenetic transgenerational effects; namely the effect diet micronutrients fed to male pigs has on liver DNA methylation and muscle mass in grand-offspring(F2 generation). Healthy viable offspring are very important in the farm and husbandry industry and epigenetic differences can be associated with production traits. Therefore further epigenetic research into domestic animal health and how exposure to toxicants or nutritional changes affects future generations is imperative.     

Mammary stem cells： expansion and animal productivity

Identification and characterization of mammary stem cells and progenitor cells from dairy animals is important in the understanding of mammogenesis, tissue turnover, lactation persistency and regenerative therapy. It has been realized by many investigators that altered lactation, long dry periods （non-milking period between two consecutive lactation cycles）, abrupt cessation of lactation （common in water buffaloes） and disease conditions like mastitis, greatly reduce milk yield thus render huge financial losses within the dairy sector. Cellular manipulation of specialized cell types within the mammary gland, called mammary stem cells （MaSCs）/progenitor cells, might provide potential solutions to these problems and may improve milk production. In addition, MaSCs/progenitor cells could be used in regenerative therapy against tissue damage caused by mastitis. This review discusses methods of MaSC/progenitor cell manipulation and their mechanisms in bovine and caprine animals. Author believes that intervention of MaSCs/progenitor cells could lessen the huge financial losses to the dairy industry globally.     

Genetic parameters of drinking and feeding traits of wean-to-finish pigs under a polymicrobial natural disease challengeOA

Background: The pork industry faces unprecedented challenges from disease, which increases cost of production and use of antibiotics, and reduces production efficiency, carcass quality, and animal wellbeing. One solution is to improve the overall resilience of pigs to a broad array of common diseases through genetic selection. Behavioral changes in feeding and drinking are usually the very first clinical signs when animals are exposed to stressors such as disease. Changes in feeding and drinking...     

Intestinal microbiota and its interaction to intestinal health in nursery pigs

The intestinal microbiota has gained increased attention from researchers within the swine industry due to its role in promoting intestinal maturation,immune system modulation,and consequently the enhancement of the health and growth performance of the host.This review aimed to provide updated scientific information on the interaction among intestinal microbiota,dietary components,and intestinal health of pigs.The small intestine is a key site to evaluate the interaction of the microbiota,diet,and host because it is the main site for digestion and absorption of nutrients and plays an important role within the immune system.The diet and its associated components such as feed additives are the main factors affecting the microbial composition and is central in stimulating a beneficial population of microbiota.The microbiotaehost interaction modulates the immune system,and,concurrently,the immune system helps to modulate the microbiota composition.The direct interaction between the microbiota and the host is an indication that the mucosa-associated microbiota can be more effective in evaluating its effect on health parameters.It was demonstrated that the mucosa-associated microbiota should be evaluated when analyzing the interaction among diets,microbiota,and health.In addition,supplementation of feed additives aimed to promote the intestinal health of pigs should consider their roles in the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota as biomarkers to predict the response of growth performance to dietary interventions.     

China Will Import More DDGS

According to an official in the industry on November 18th, it is predicted that China will import more maize DDGS, the by-product of ethanol production, which is used as the substitute of maize. China has restricted the expansion of ethanol factories so as to stabilize the maize price as well as relieve the intension between supply and demand.     

Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency

Feed efficiency is one of the economically important traits for the cattle industry that affects profit(feed costs) and the environment(production of manure and methane). Due to that feed efficiency is driven by multi-factors, mechanisms contributing to the animal to animal variation in this trait have not been well defined, limiting the development of precision feeding strategies to improve the herd production efficiency. Rumen microbial fermentation and volatile fatty acids(VFA) production hav...     

Potential role of N-carbamoyl glutamate in biosynthesis of arginine and its significance in production of ruminant animals

Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate （NCG） is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.     

Foreword for the 11th WCAP Special Issue

The World Conference on Animal Production （WCAP） is recognized as a prestigious industrial meeting by people in the field all over the world. The conference is held every five years, with participants from over eighty countries. The aim of the conference is to retrospect the global trend in animal industry, strengthen the livestock association communication beyond boundaries, and promote the cooperation between researchers and enterprisers over the past five years.     

Dietary supplementation of laminarin improves the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling pigletsOA

Background Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig industry. Laminarin has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity, reduce the inflammatory response, and favor the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. However, the effect of dietary supplementation of laminarin on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling offspring remains unknown.Methods A total of 40 Landrace × Yorkshire multiparous sows on d 85 of gestation, similar i...     

Suggestions for Speeding Up the Development of Audiobook Websites by Changing Them to SNS

<正>The collective intelligence,being one of the most important dimensions of information,communication and technology,has a great impact in every aspect of life.With the technical methods,financial institutions could come across huge amounts of transactions in seconds,educational entities are able to diversify its teaching channels,while the media industry is also benefit from big data and result in a rapid growth.The comparison between Douban.com and Tingbook.com in this essay will demonstrate how audiobook sites are able to gain a faster     

Plant Hormone Regulated Tillering in Switchgrass北大核心CSCD

Switchgrass is a perennial gramineous plant.It is studied widely and applied as an energy crop because of its huge biomass to produce fuel ethanol. Tillering is the main factor that directly affects the biomass of gramineous plants. The production of tillers is determined by the development of tiller buds,which is regulated by many factors including plant hormones and external environment. A tiller-deficient mutant lt induced by EMS was studied in physiological,biochemical and molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the number of tillers and elongation rate of axillary buds of mutant lt decreased. And the shoot of lt responded to gravity weakly,the contents of auxin,abscisic acid and strigolactones in lt increased. At the same time,the expression level of genes involved in strigolactones pathway in lt mutant increased. These results indicated that the tillering development of switchgrass mutant lt was regulated by auxin,abscisic acid and strigolactones. These results could provide theoretical direction for increasing biomass yield of switchgrass. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.