Adjustive Mechanism Design Based on Planar Constraint Uncertainty

For normal planar closed chain mechanism, it is based on ideal planar constraint condition. The authors took crank leader mechanism as an example, and analyzed influences resulted from uncertain factors, such as manufacturing error. The result shows it belongs to statically indetermination mechanism. After analyzing its over-constraint and eliminating it, in this way, it become statically determination mechanism and can be assembled without obstacle. However, in the process of practical running, the mechanism can give birth to new kinematic constraint, frictional constraint and dynamic constraint etc., so over constraint emerges again. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse its adaptability in total running process. The conclusion shows that design of adaptability mechanism normally eliminate geometry over constraint at first, then it is analyzed that whether there is new over constraints from all kind of external constraints in the process of running.     

Innovating Method of Mechanism Configuration Project Based on Kinematic Chain

The structure design is the most crucial and innovative one in the process of mechanism system design, and attention is constantly given to them. Although the various methods of structural synthesis are presented, more study due to faultiness of them are essential. All of available configurations of the single joint kinematic chain are gotten by replacing its pairs. On the basis of symbolization of pairs, the authors put forward the mathematic approach of permutation and combination by which all of configurations of the kinematic chain can be obtained, structure graph is used to judge the type of same fabric of the kinematic chain. Finally their application examples in engineering are given.     

Study of Tooth Contact and Kinematic Precision on Cone-Generated Double Enveloping Worm Gearing

The tooth contact and kinematic precision of cone-generated double-enveloping worm gearing with machining and assembling errors have been investigated. The influence of different errors on driving quality has been discussed. The assembling method to reduce or eliminate the influences of machining errors on tooth contact and kinematic precision has been proposed.     

Effect of Tooth Modification on Double Enveloping Worm Gearing

A method of modifying the double enveloping worm gearing with developable tooth surface has been proposed to reduce the sensibility of the worm gearing to the manufacturing errors. The tooth contact and kinematic precision of the modified worm gearing with manufacturing errors has been investigated by the TCA method. The results show that by the modification, the edge contact resulting from the manufacturing errors is avoided or effectively relieved,and the kinematic error of the worm gearing is obviously reduced.     

A kinematic mathematical model of impulse electro flotation

After an analysis of the characteristics of impulse electro flotation wastewater treatment equipment, we discussed the factors affecting the efficiency of this technology. A simplified steel ball model was used in the construction of the free particle flotation removal model based on the kinematical theory of flocculation processes. Variation of the concentration of a free particle over time was stimulated. This mathematical model showed a significant role in the design of the flocculator parameter, and provided theoretical guidance on the choice of electric flotation parameters and the design of the electric flotation treatment equipment. The simulated results suggest that when the treatment time was between 20 and 25 minutes, the free particle removal rate could exceed 90%, a finding consistent with the experimental data.     

往复式切割器传动机构运动动力学分析

油菜收获机割台损失主要由割台振动与割刀切割损失两部分形成,而割台上的往复式切割器工作时的惯性冲击力是造成其振动损失的主要因素之一。为降低油菜联合收割机割台损失,本文对油菜联合收割机上往复式切割器传动机构进行了运动动力学分析,建立了该机构运动动力学模型,分析了各主要构件的运动加速度,得到了求解机构中各运动副之间约束力的方程组,并对方程组进行了求解,得到了主要构件的惯性力表达式。在此基础上分析了惯性力的影响因素。其研究结论为降低往复式切割器惯性冲击力的影响,降低割台振动,优化结构提供了理论依据。     

Kinematic displacements control simulation and configuration optimizing of six DOFs parallel mechanism for wind tunnel experimental platform

6PUUS parallel mechanism for wind tunnel experimental platform is studied,and its operational principle and movement requirements are analyzed. According to the theory of inverse kinematics and spatial Descartes coordinate transformation of 6PUUS parallel mechanism,kinematic positions of pull rods and kinematic interpolation paths of sliders are derived base on Euler angle of any experimental pose. The detailed algorithm for spatial position interpolation is summarized and its validity is proved by a simulation case in the end. Key factors of nonoccurrence of sliders collision at work are concluded by means of simulation analysis,and combined with the variety of mechanism parameters,optimized size parameters of pull rods and movable platform are also found. It is proved that this method and the simulation algorithm are useful and helpful for the optimizing design and singularity poses analysis of the parallel mechanism.     

藻类植物减少大棚土壤及蔬菜中残留敌敌畏的效果初报

大棚栽培多数是长年连作,密闭条件好,土壤中农药的残留问题就更加明显。实验证明藻类植物地木耳可在大棚中生存。通过在大棚种植的蔬菜旁种植地木耳,可使大棚土壤和蔬菜中农药含量降低,降低幅度约为59%。     

藻类植物对降低大棚土壤及蔬菜中残留敌敌畏的作用

大棚栽培多数是长年连作,密闭条件好,土壤中农药的残留问题就更加明显。实验证明藻类植物地木耳可在大棚中生存。通过在大棚种植的蔬菜旁种植地木耳,可使大棚土壤和蔬菜中农药含量降低．降低幅度约为59％。     

The Application of the Nehari Arguments to the Problems of the Existence about the Minimal Periodic Solutions of the Hamiltonian Systems

Using the Nehari argument about the constrained extreme values and the theorem that the functional defined on complete Finsler manifold and satisfying the Palais-Smale condition and having lower bound has a minimal value point,we study the existence of the minimal periodic solutions for nonconvex quadratic and superquadratic second order Hamiltonian systems.     

人工接种诱发烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定的应用研究

为提高烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定结果的稳定性,笔者于2001—2006年采用人工接种诱发抗性方法不连续地对15个烤烟新品系（6614、8504、9601、9717、8902-42、CF209、CF964、CF986、RGH12、YH01、YH02、YH05、YNH09、云烟97和云烟98）进行了烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定研究,本鉴定方法提出了烟草黑胫病培养和保存技术及接种体的制备方法,提出了烟草黑胫病大田期的接种时间及接种量。从鉴定结果看,15个品系不同年份的平均病指均在25以下,SSR分析发现,与抗病对照K326和革新三号的抗性无显著差异,均达抗病水平,且各品系不同年份间抗性稳定,说明该研究所用烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定方法稳定可靠。     

高温胁迫对芹菜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

根据多年夏季露地自然高温下的观察和35℃高温胁迫下的热害指数,通过实验筛选出了不同耐热性的7个品系;进一步在20℃/12℃(d/n)(CK)、26℃/20℃(d/n)、30℃/20℃(d/n)人工模拟高温胁迫条件下,测定了这7个品系的幼苗生长量、游离蛋白质含量、以及可溶性总糖含量。结果表明:在26℃/20℃(d/n)和30℃/20℃(d/n)高温胁迫下,相对生长量、株高相对增长量、游离蛋白质相对含量和可溶性总糖的相对含量品系间差异显著;对热害指数第96小时的值、30/20℃鲜重生长量的相对增加值、26/16℃干重生长量的相对增加值、30/20℃株高的相对增长量、26℃/16℃(d/n)处理下游离蛋白质和26℃/16℃(d/n)可溶性总糖相对含量的试验数据采用隶属函数法对品系的耐热性进行综合评价,与多年田间观察结果比较一致。进一步对各单项指标与隶属函数值进行相关性分析,其中热害指数、26℃/16℃下的干、鲜重相对生长量和30/20℃下干重的相对生长量都和耐热性有显著和极显著相关性,可以作为鉴定芹菜耐热性的指标。     

杂交水稻种子特征特性与播种品质关系的研究概述

杂交水稻种子播种品质较常规种子低,表现在发芽率、成苗率较低,浸种催芽、播种育秧生产环节中技术难度较常规稻种子大。种子裂颖率、穗萌芽率、种子带菌率较高等是影响播种品质的主要因素。本文综述了杂交水稻种子裂颖的原因、裂颖种子的测定和分级方法、贮藏特性与种用价值;杂交水稻制种穗萌发芽的表现和影响因素。提出了控制裂颖和穗萌动发芽的技术措施。     

以变性淀粉为基质涂膜保鲜液的制备与应用研究

为研究变性淀粉对于食品保鲜的应用效果和扩大其应用范围。以溶液共混法制备变性淀粉/壳聚糖涂膜液,加入纳米氧化锌和尼辛改善膜的性能,研究不同被膜对鲜切冬瓜的保鲜效果。制成不同涂膜液对鲜切冬瓜进行处理,在室温下贮存。结果表明：纳米氧化锌和尼辛的加入能明显增强涂膜液的抑菌性能;同时,变性淀粉价格较壳聚糖低,具有很广阔研究价值和应用前景。     

Repression of the Interference in the Wigner Distribution and the Algorithm

Because the present Architecture Fireproofing Technique Criterion for Auto-Detection and Alarm Systems in Atria is one with faults, it can't satisfy the needs of practical use. According to the forms of atrium and the characters of gas flow, an Auto-Detection and Alarm System suitable for the atria is investigated. The aim of this paper is to discuss the perfect design method for the Auto-Detection and Alarm Systems in Atria.     

超高产条件下农艺措施与小麦产量关系的研究

为了探讨超高产小麦定量化、规范化、模式化栽培技术方案,采用五元二次回归旋转组合设计,研究了超高产小麦的播期、播种量、施氮量、施磷量及施有机肥量等5项农艺措施与产量的关系及其交互作用。结果表明,5项农艺措施与产量之间存在着明显的函数关系,建立了产量目标数学模型。5项农艺措施对产量影响的大小不同,播期与播种量、播种期与有机肥、播种量与施N量、施N量与施P2O5量、有机肥与施P2O5量之间的相互效应达到极显著水平,生产中注意协调5项农艺措施之间的关系。‘豫麦49-198’产量达到(9393±234.8) kg/hm2的优化农艺措施是：播种期10月11-13日,播种量91.9~99.4 kg/hm2,施N量213.5~231.4 kg/hm2,施P2O5量144.7~157.2 kg/hm2,有机肥施用量41117.0~41367.0 kg/hm2。经在同样生态类型区麦田示范推广应用,效果非常显著。     

关于中国农村聚落中空心户问题的探讨

通过调查与分析,本文分析了农村聚落中“空心户”现象的形成原因、类型、分布特点,提出了“空心户”治理的几点措施,即加强立法宣传,转变农民思想意识;加强农村聚落的土地规划工作;进一步加强小城镇建设;改革户籍制度,妥善安置有能力脱离土地并居住于城镇的农民;建立农村宅基地有偿使用及转让制度。     

优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定梨中重金属元素

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定梨中的Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn元素。通过试验对实验参数进行了优化。在测定镉和铅时以NH4H2PO4为基体改进剂,提高了测定的灰化温度,消除了基体干扰。试验研究了灰化温度和原子化温度对吸光值的影响,试验结果表明,测定Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn元素的最佳条件为:灰化温度分别为500,300,700,900℃,原子化温度分别为2 400,1 600,2 300,2 300℃。在常压微沸下,采用HNO3—H2SO4(体积比5∶1)混酸消解梨样品。在最佳测定条件下,测得梨中的Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn含量分别为(1.264±0.135),(0.441±0.008),(0.048±0.001),(3.310±0.046)mg/kg,方法的加标回收率为96.0%~103.9%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.28%~3.05%(n=8)。试验结果令人满意,测定方法简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

树立现代政治意识，提高农民的政治素质

随着传统社会向现代社会的转换,农民的政治意识发生了重大变化。对于中国这样的发展中国家来说,使数亿农民转变传统的那种盲从的、封闭的政治意识,树立起现代的、理性的、开放的政治意识,有着更加特殊的必要性和重要性。农民应当树立的现代政治意识的主要内容包括社会主义、集体主义、爱国主义意识;政治主体意识和政治参与意识;改革、开放、发展意识;民主意识、平等意识和公民意识;人权意识;法律意识等几个方面。要使农民树立起现代政治意识,必须进行多方面的努力,这至少应包括：第一、对农民进行民主启蒙,提高农民的参政素质;第二、加强农村思想政治工作,提高农民的思想道德素质;第三、加强农村普法工作和社会治安工作,增强农民的法制观念;第四、加强农村基层民主政治建设,搞好村民自治工作。