Measurement methodology of color reflectionperformance of building facing materials

With the measurement of reflection spectrum and the experimental measurement of illumination observing angle, color temperature of light source, effects of field viewing angles, it is found that the color of facing materials have relation to light incidence and observing angle. The chroma number varies with the changing of light incidence and observing angle based on the features of facing materials. The chroma number has more fluctuation with the angle close to mirror reflection direction while it is more steady with other angles. Besides, the mirror reflection phenomenon is not obvious for sub brightness facing tile. The color temperature of light source affects material color and the chroma number varies with the incidence changing, etc. All of these have provided fundamental for quantitative study of architecture color design.     

Approaches to Night View Lighting Project of Mountainous Cities

In this paper, taking the night view lighting project of the center of the Chongqing city as an example, which is in the visual field of Yikeshu landscape stage in Nanshan of Chongqing, an approach to the lkghting project is suggested. It takes the landscape feature of mountainous city with abundant stereo perception and hierarchy into account and meets the demand of multi-level,multi-orientation and distant sightseeing. This approach is characterized by point,line,plane and body planning, vertical kierarchy, horizontal area division with emphasis on problem of light and color treatment.     

Influence of Light Sources Color on Tunnel Lighting

Five color temperature LEDs were compared to traditional light sources (HPS and MH) under three lighting levels and negative contrasts to study the effect of light sources color on tunnel lighting. Through the experiment of reaction times, the relation between light sources color and reaction times, and the relation between light sources color and pupil size were studied, respectively. The experiment result shows that visual performance and cirtopic with high color temperature LED are the most significant under high lighting level. The visual performance and cirtopic with middle color temperature LED are the most significant under mesopic lighting level. It is shown that comprehensive influence of light sources color on visual performance and cirtopic must be considered for choosing appropriate light sources in different sections of tunnel lighting.     

The Safe Distance Between Road Lighting Fixtures and Street Trees

The road lighting system and the road greening system, which are mutually interrelated and independent, are two important parts in the urban road environment. Unreasonable road lighting is easy to induce light pollution and has a great negative impact on the physiology and growth of garden plants in the urban green space. In this paper, 21 kinds of common tree species in the urban green space of Zhengzhou were selected as the research object, and the photosynthetic physiological parameters of landscape trees under the LED light source were observed using LI-6400 Photosynthesis System. This paper attempted to find the critical point for initiating photosynthesis of different types of tree species under a certain light source and then calculated the safe distance between lighting fixtures and landscape trees. The results showed that road lighting interfered with the photosynthetic physiological activities of the surveyed trees, affecting the normal dormancy of the plants at night; the sensitivity of different tree species to night lighting was different, and there were some differences in the light compensation points, so the corresponding safe distance was also different. It is hoped that this study can provide a valuable reference and scientific basis for urban road greening and lighting design.     

隧道照明光源光色对驾驶员视觉功效的影响

目前,各国以及CIE的隧道照明设计规范和标准在隧道照明研究中都只考虑隧道路面的亮度或者照度水平,对于色温、显色性和光谱分布等因素对视觉效果的影响考虑不足,导致对隧道照明质量的评价不够科学。笔者从隧道照明光源光色对于驾驶员视觉功效的影响出发,选择两个隧道进行了小目标识别现场实验和不同色温反应时间测试实验,分析了驾驶员视觉功效受隧道照明光源的显色性和色温的影响情况。结果表明:隧道照明光源显色指数越高,驾驶员的视觉功效越好;对于光谱能量分布相似的光源,背景亮度相同时,含有短波成分多的光源照明效果更好,驾驶员的视觉功效也更好。     

The Key Parameters Method of Calculating Geothermal Heat Exchanger Length

The geothermal heat exchanger is the key component of ground coupled heat pump systems. We discuss the key parameters method of calculating geothermal heat exchanger length based on line source theory. Typical meteorological year data is used to determine the hottest month, the coldest month and annual average surface temperature. The building hourly load can be obtained by introducing the concept of equilibrium temperature. The cooling fraction and the heating fraction then can be calculated using building hourly load and performance parameters curve fit of a water source heat pump unit. The method for selecting the hottest and lowest entering fluid temperature and calculating the borehole and ground thermal resistance is given. A vertical U tube heat exchanger length calculation procedure is proposed.     

The Curtain Wall Technology in Green Building

Based on the conception of green building, this paper discusses the effect of curtain wall in adjusting the interior environment quality, reducing building energy consumption, and emphasizes the curtain wall technology in natural lighting, natural ventilation, as well as building energy efficiency.     

A Transfer Precision Study of Interior Horizontal Coordinates of Oblique Super High Rise Buildings

When staking out super high rise building construction, it is important to analyze the horizontal coordinate precision of the control point of the axis. For coordinate transfer of control points of oblique super high rise buildings with high accuracy and precision, methods combining the electronic tachometer with laser aligner were adopted. The measurement sections were transited by sections many times on the floors. The coordinates of control points of lower floors gradually were transferred to the top floor by relays. We then could use the electronic tachometer to measure the linear distance between the control points of each floor and the control point of the axis, calculate the coordinates of the axis control point, and analyze the precision of the coordinates. Thus, integrated methods of transferring horizontal coordinates of super high rise buildings setting out of axis repeatedly can be taken from the control points to the monitoring points section by section. The precision integrated methods improve the coordinates of the control point of the axis by adopting advanced measurement equipment. We recommend choosing an electronic tachometer with different precision and a laser aligner to analyze the control point error quickly and accurately, provide a complete and systematic method for optimizing the staking out scheme in construction, and guide the staking out work and deformation monitoring work of super high rise buildings or oblique super high rise building construction.     

Wall sensor placement method in indoor lighting dimming control system

Office supplies and people may shade illuminance sensors installed on the table, thus the lighting dimming control system is not able to act correctly. Based on the illuminance ratio model, an index of illuminance-variation transfer ratio and an approach using sensors installed on wall instead of table are proposed. The point of this approach is to choose an appropriate illuminance-variation transfer ratio between vertical illuminance on wall and horizontal illuminance on table. The effects of the location of sensor and controlled lighting on the illuminance-variation transfer ratio are investigated by simulations and experiments. Two constraint conditions are presented for determining the location and number of sensors in an office or reading room. As an example, the proposed approach was applied to a lighting dimming control system in classroom, which confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.     

Error Analysis for In-situ Measurement of Heat-transfer Coefficient of Building Envelope

The in-situ measurement of heat-transfer coefficient of external wall is the major content of building energy efficient measurement. A new test method and error assessment function were put forward. Computer simulation was conducted to analysis the influence of hot-box size, air temperature in hot box, structure and thickness of external wall on the result error to provide the theoretical guidance for test apparatus development. The results show that, size of hot-box and thickness of external wall is the major factors which decide the error in test. In-situ measurements were conducted according to the computer simulation results and show fine accuracy.     

Research on the Design Method of Digital Urban Lighting

This paper has introduced a kind of design method for digital urban lighting, it is an application of the illuminating engineering in digital city and a kind of measurable, dynamic visualization design method of the effect of digital urban lighting. A kind of new artificial method of scene imitation has been proposed in this paper. After taking pictures by verified digital camera, the luminosity and color information are taken to imitate the effect of urban lighting design, to display the current and future effect of lighting for the scene and thus optimize the urban lighting design plan to meet the demand of energy - conservation and beautifying the urban night scene.     

基于最小阈值法的棉花幼苗识别研究

 面对纯机械式分苗机构经常出现的漏分和多分的问题,本文提出使用基于最小阈值法的图像识别技术对棉花幼苗进行识别和分离。使用了HSV颜色空间内与光照条件无关的H值将RGB真彩色图像转化为灰度图像,以提高图像处理的实时性。基于最小值阈值法,提出一种能够有效地将处于复杂背景下的棉花幼苗茎部图像提取的方法,使用棉花幼苗茎部图像的面积和长宽比等几何信息能有效识别棉花幼苗,并得到棉花幼苗茎部的重心坐标。本文的研究证明了用图像处理中的最小阈值法识别棉花幼苗是可行的。     

Research on the Facade Fabric Design and Facade Lighting Design of a Building

The lighting for city night scenes became a hot spot of urban construction.It is quite necessary for building designers to understand the relationship between the facade fabric design and the facade lighting design of a building and know the design method as well.This paper analyses the relationship between the facade fabric design and the lighting design,and proposes the factors that should be considered in the facade fabric design process.     

Research on the Concept and Method of Landscape Lighting Design of Montane City along the River

The city landscape lighting is an important strategy for cities to upgrade their fame and promote the development of traveling economy. The special regional character and space form of montane city along the river offer favorable conditions to create the lighting styles of landscape-garden mode,while it also brings new chlenge to landscape lighting designers. This paper discussed the concept of landscape lighting design in the regional and humanistic aspects, and has done the applied and academic analysis of lighting classification and light color delamination with the basic theory of photometry and colorimetry,also brought forward the new concept of the construction of three-dimensional city night view. In this paper, the scientific solution for the problems, which are often arisen in the process of landscape lighting design of montane city along the river,was put forward so to prevent the negative effect brought by the had designing vogue of rote, mimic slavishly etc. This paper centers on the green-lighting and emphasizes the combination of technology and art;it also provides the applied and theory foundation to the creation of unique styles of landscape lighting of montane city along the river.     

Automatic head recognition by integrating mean shift with multiple features

To improve the head detection accuracy in video sequences captured with fixed vertical monocular camera, a novel method of head recognition based on mean shift and multiple features is proposed. Firstly, mean shift based image segmentation algorithm with color information and spatial information is suggested to derive the candidate head components in images. Furthermore, by referring to two features that the contour of human head regions are approximate round and the hair color distribution is clustered, the evaluation models based on the contour information and inside color information of candidate head components are presented for head recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the light interfere and eliminate fake target whose color information is similar to hair color distribution. The detection rate for static images can reach about 89.4%.     

转色期补光处理对鲜食葡萄‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’果实品质的影响

针对设施葡萄生产中光温逆境导致果实品质欠佳（着色差）的问题,对2个葡萄园转色期的‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’葡萄进行每日补光试验处理（4:00—5:00和19:00—22:00）,观察处理前后果实品质的差异。结果表明,每日补光4 h处理后‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’着色更深、更均匀,且补光处理能显著提高葡萄果实的颜色指数,补光处理后葡萄果皮的花色苷含量提高了5.00~19.42 µg/g;葡萄果实的可溶性固形物含量增加了0.5~1.7 °Brix,葡萄糖含量增加了0.42~3.43 mg/g,最终成熟期提早了5~7天。综合试验结果可知,在葡萄转色期进行补光处理,可以明显改善红色系葡萄的着色问题,提高葡萄品质,对优质葡萄生产有良好的应用价值。     

紧凑大穗型小麦新品种93中6（37系）的选育及亩产600kg栽培技术研究

紧凑型小麦具有单茎占居空间小：叶片上冲,田间遮荫程度低和光能利用率高等特性,是超高产栽培的理想株型之一,在河南的生态条件下,选育具有“突破性”超高产紧凑型高产,优质,多抗小麦新品种的模式为;半冬性至弱春性;中早熟,株高７０－８０ｃｍ,株型紧凑,分蘖力中等,成穗率高,茎杆粗壮,紧韧,根系发达,光合作用强,抗病,加工品质优良。具有广泛的适应性和抗逆性;以选育重穗型的品种为主,兼顾中间类型;在现有５００     

直墙拱形巷道围岩应力场分析

为得出直墙拱形巷道围岩应力分布规律,应用复变函数弹性理论推导了直墙拱形巷道围岩应力分布的解析表达式。对直墙拱形巷道边界的围岩应力和巷道水平线方向的围岩应力分布规律进行分析,并考虑直墙拱形巷道断面高宽比和侧压系数对其影响规律。研究表明：在不同巷道断面高宽比、侧压系数下,直墙拱形巷道围岩应力集中区域主要集中在直墙底部底角处、拱形顶板中点附近和底板中部3个位置。不同巷道断面高宽比下,直墙拱形巷道沿水平线的应力分布规律基本相同。侧压系数大于1时,采用巷道断面高宽比小于1较有利于巷道稳定;侧压系数小于等于1时,采用巷道断面高宽比大于1较有利于巷道稳定。     

贵阳市常色叶园林植物叶色量化及配植分析

深入了解常色叶植物色彩属性特征与应用现状,推进量化方法,旨在进一步通过常见绿地的常色叶植物定量化研究获得色彩量化数据,更好地呈现城市绿地色彩景观。对贵阳市绿地的常色叶园林植物进行调研,通过RHS比色卡和叶片采样扫描,调查叶色典型色彩,运用Matlab软件提取并聚类数据,并在HSB模式下量化分析常色叶植物叶色色彩属性特征,并进行配植应用。结果表明,贵阳市常色叶园林植物共计54种,分属33科49属,单色叶植物22种,共有5个色系19个典型色;双色叶植物2种,共2个色系4个典型色;斑色叶植物30种,共4个色系17个典型色。暖色系的植物种类居多,黄色系和红色系有37种植物,中性色和冷色系偏少;植物色彩的明度和彩度范围较大,多数植物为中、高明度和彩度;主要的色彩配植方式有单一植物色彩、类似色、对比色和多色彩配植。调查中,植物种类和色彩过于单调,少数种类频繁使用,缺少橙色和蓝紫色系的植物,建议增加此类植物的应用,均衡植物色彩搭配     

Interaction Working Behavior About the Internal and External Wall of Foam in place Cavity Wall

In order to study the stability of foam in place cavity wall, the capacity of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie involving in cavity wall deformation, the broken shapes and mechanical performance of the cavity wall, the effective measures was seaked to improve deformation capacity and overall performance of the cavity wall.13 patches of cavity wall and 1 patch of solid wall were built and seismic tests of which were carried out.The lnfluence of some constructional measures on mechanical behavior and deformation properties of the wall and vertical pressure and insulation layer thickness on the relative displacement difference of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.Finally, the capability of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie working interactively between the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.It is found that deformation capacity of the cavity wall is improved efficiently with constructional column and the high bonding strength, shearing strength and pressure strength of foam in place insulating mortar have certainly a positive influence on the bearing capacity of the wall.The reinforced concrete strip ears play the leading role in reinforcing connection of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall and guaranteeing out plane stability of the external wall.When walls crack seriously, the ties can play an important role in supporting and drawing the wall and preventing wall collapse.Furthermore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties which are the main construction measures to coordinate the internal and external wall work together perform a great variety of tasks.Therefore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties should be designed rationally to guarantee playing their respective roles.