基于Quickbird影像的成都市高新区绿地景观格局研究

摘要：为了精确了解成都市高新区城区绿地分布结构,利用Quickbird影像数据,结合其他地学信息,以GIS、RS为主要技术手段,辅以人工实地调绘信息,对成都市高新区南部园区进行了绿地景观信息分类与提取,完成了对高新区南部城区的绿地现状GIS成图。在GIS成图基础上利用景观生态学理论和方法,分别从斑块水平指数、类型水平指数和景观水平指数层面研究了高新区南部园区景观格局的特征,提出了研究区域内的绿地景观分布格局的问题,旨在为高新区南部园区的绿地系统规划建设提供参考。     

RAGA-PPE模型在城市滨水绿地景观效果评价中的应用

基于人们对城市滨水绿地景观的关注日益加强,本文提出将RAGA-PPE模型（基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪等级评价模型）应用到城市滨水绿地景观效果的评价中,将多维数据指标转换成低维子空间,通过寻求最优投影方向来计算投影函数值,建立多元数据分类与评价模型,从而根据投影值的大小进行景观评价。以大庆市为研究对象,构建了大庆市滨水绿地景观效果的评价指标体系及等级标准,并对5个城市滨水绿地的景观效果进行评价。评价结果表明：大庆市东风湖的等级值为1.5561,景观效果较好;万宝湖、滨州湖的等级值分别为3.3425和3.3427,景观效果一般;乘风湖的等级值为3.6491,景观效果较差;黎明湖的等级值为4.7159,景观效果差。评价结果与公众主观感觉基本一致,该模型具有较高的评价精度,适用于城市滨水绿地景观效果的分析评价,避免了传统方法存在的不足,为具有模糊、不确定性高维数据的景观综合评价提供了新的思路与方法。     

光景观在城市带状绿地中的应用研究

以“光”作为景观要素,探讨城市带状绿地中如何营造良好的景观光环境。目前对园林景观中的光环境,社会及业内已开始逐渐关注,但对特定的城市绿地类型中光景观的应用几乎没有系统的论述。笔者以丽水市大溪江滨江景观带为例,对城市带状绿地光环境营造的规划原则和设计方法进行初步总结和探讨,指出城市带状绿地光景观规划应基于掌握规划对象所在地光气候条件及解读规划对象属性的基础上,遵循功能性、连续性和整体性原则,设计时可使用建构空间、引导流线;突出焦点、塑造形象;烘托氛围、营造意境;彰显四季,见证朝暮等具体方法。通过研究,以期为光景观与城市绿地的和谐相融提供一定的启迪。     

Construction of Ecological Network for Urban Green Space System from the Perspective of Landscape Ecology:A Case Study of Wanzhou District,Chongqing Municipality

Green spaces in Wanzhou District, Chongqing Municipality were not closely linked and failed to form an integrated ecological network, this paper analyzed and assessed current situation of green spaces in the local area from the perspective of landscape ecology, and then established the landscape ecology-oriented ecological network construction, restructured green paces in Wanzhou District using the landscape composition of "patch–corridor–matrix", and connected the scattered green patches using green corridors, so as to form a reasonable ecological network of green spaces.     

南昌市绿色廊道景观格局研究

根据南昌市廊道特点,将廊道划分为：灰色廊道、绿色廊道和蓝色廊道,利用GIS和CAD的图形分析和处理功能,获取了南昌市各类廊道现状图,并绘制出相应拓扑图。对南昌市绿色廊道景观构成和网络结构进行分析评价,指出南昌市绿色廊道存在的问题和不足,并提出建设建议。     

Pattern Change of Urban Green Space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

With the rapid urbanization in Beijing, the vegetated surfaces have been increasingly replaced by impervious built surfaces. A clear recognition on the changes in green spaces pattern is vital for urban administrators and planners to optimize the urban development areas and define the ecological protection red lines. Based on the SPOT images and field investigation data of urban green spaces within the sixth ring road of Beijing in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the study investigated the dynamic changes of urban green spaces in this area, by means of GIS techniques and landscape ecology methods. The results indicated that green spaces in Beijing have decreased by 207 km2 from 2000 to 2010 at the expense of agricultural lands and waters. Although there has been some increases in urban forests and grasslands, it cannot compensate the rapid decrease of urban green spaces. The land cover types conversion occurred mainly in the areas between the fifth and sixth ring roads while the zones encircled by the fourth ring road had a little change. In addition, landscape metrics such as number of patches(NP) and shape index(SHAPE) increased, but the mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN), aggregation index(AI) and patch cohesion index(COHESION) decreased during the period of 2000-2010. Also green landscapes became considerably isolated and fragmented. The study disclosed the obvious changes of green space size, composition and layout in urban districts of Beijing City from 2000 to 2010, and highlighted that construction of urban green space should consider not only the geometric or aesthetic effect, but also the increase of vertical green volume and optimization of spatial layout to fully develop the ecological service functions of green spaces.     

苏州工业园区土地利用景观格局变化分析

为给生态区域建设提供科学的指导,促进社会经济健康可持续发展,以苏州工业园区1995、2005和2013年3期土地利用现状调查数据为基础,利用ArcGIS和FRAGSTATS软件,基于景观指数方法和土地利用转移矩阵模型对苏州工业园区斑块类型水平和景观类型水平下的景观格局特征进行定量分析,分析各景观地类之间的转换特征。结果表明：（1）1995—2013年间,景观格局指数发生了重大变化,2005年优势景观为耕地,2013年优势景观变为城镇建设用地;（2）18年间耕地和城镇建设用地的斑块面积变化最大,耕地面积降幅83.47%,城镇建设用地面积增幅193.52%;（3）土地利用转移方面,耕地减少较快而城镇建设用地增加较快,减少的耕地主要转化为建设用地和园地,增加的建设用地主要来自于耕地和未利用地;（4）景观格局整体呈现破碎度增大、集聚度减少、分离度上升、均匀度好、多样性增强等特征。研究表明景观指数结合土地转移矩阵模型能对土地利用的格局和过程进行很好的分析,并科学指导生态区域建设。     

河北王家寨民俗村景观修订性规划及 景观变化评价

摘 要：为进一步提升王家寨民俗村的旅游品位,对该村的景观进行了修订性的规划,并运用AutoCAD绘制了景观现状平面图和景观规划平面图,然后分析规划前后景观指数变化,结果表明：规划后各类型斑块数量和密度绝大部分有所增加,景观斑块形状破碎化指数变化较大,多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数均有大幅提高,总之,规划后景观类型集中程度加强,景观更加丰富多彩,旅游设施更为完善,有利于旅游业的发展。     

中早熟番茄新品种“黄山1号”的选育及 抗青枯病鉴定

摘 要：为进一步提升王家寨民俗村的旅游品位,对该村的景观进行了修订性的规划,并运用AutoCAD绘制了景观现状平面图和景观规划平面图,然后分析规划前后景观指数变化,结果表明：规划后各类型斑块数量和密度绝大部分有所增加,景观斑块形状破碎化指数变化较大,多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数均有大幅提高,总之,规划后景观类型集中程度加强,景观更加丰富多彩,旅游设施更为完善,有利于旅游业的发展。     

城市绿地信息提取的研究进展

为了研究城市绿地信息的提取,笔者综述了国内外近10年的绿地信息提取的研究,发现中低分辨率的影像主要用基于像元的方法,高分辨率的影像主要利用面向对象化的方法。中低分辨率的影像获取成本比高分辨率的影像低。基于像元的方法存在椒盐现象,精度不高,但操作简便。面向对象化的方法操作复杂,但精度高,能满足景观生态学的意义。城市绿地信息的提取还存在不足,不符合城市绿地系统的分类标准,在今后的研究中还需要按照城市绿地系统分类标准提取绿地信息。     

Study on the Landscape Construction of the Urban Wetland Parks

Through the examples of urban wetland parks construction at home and abroad, the importance of urban wetland parks is expounded in this paper, and the special landscape characteristics of the urban wetland parks accepted by the public and the urban constructor are analyzed, including the natural, ecological and economical characteristics. The natural characteristics include rich and multiple landscapes, biological diversity, remarkable ecological benefits and comprehensive functions. The social characteristics include clear recreational character, rich historical culture connotations and prominent education functions. Then, aiming at the facts existed in the landscape construction of the urban wetland parks in our country, including neglect of the characters and conditions of the region, formalized landscape design, urbanized recreational activities, neglect of other living things, species invasion and neglect of the educational functions in landscape construction and so on. It proposes that the landscape construction of urban wetland parks should follow the important principles as to protect strictly and restore the biology diversity, control the human disturbance, the construction should be based on ecology theories as the instruction, the recreational activities should have their themes and the architecture construction should be natural and ecological and so on. Finally, the thesis discusses the landscape construction concept design and the landscape district construction in the urban wetland parks. It hopes that it can give some promotions to the landscape construction of urban wetland parks through this research.     

Study on Urban Forest Construction Concepts and Layouts in Taizhou City

Taizhou is an economically-developed port city on the golden coastline of China, characterized by typical coastal and combined green cores, mountains and waters, and special plants. This paper analyzed natural conditions and city features of Taizhou, assessed current construction of local urban forests, and proposed pertinent construction concepts in view of diversifi ed needs of urban development on forest construction. On the basis of the city development, principles of urban forest layout were put forward, and the overall structure of "one core, one belt, two rings, three corridors, four groups, fi ve windows, and multiple bases" was given for the construction of urban forest in coastal landscape cities, in addition, the effect and feasibility of the layout were analyzed.     

城市森林林内景观评价指标筛选研究

为更好地开展城市森林景观研究,解决林内景观评价指标选择的问题,笔者在汇集整理森林景观评价指标初选集合的基础上,邀请城市森林专家对初选指标进行打分,然后应用灰色理论的灰色理论方法对其进行统计分析。研究表明：林内景观中乔木树形、灌木树形、主色彩等15个因子为景观评价的关键指标;同时,构建一套由形貌、色彩、结构和整体状况等4个构景因素组成的林内景观评价指标体系,以期为进一步科学评价森林景观打下基础。     

Optimization of Urban Opening Space Pattern Based on Landscape Ecology

City is a spatial synthesis which consists of various buildings and urban opening space.With the developing of the urbanization,the urban planning will directly influence the sustainable development of a city,and the optimization of the urban zone pattern is the main section of the urban planning.The urban opening space is the main part of the urban landscape with important eco-function.Due to its flexibility,the urban opening space is becoming the object of the urban landscape pattern.In this study,some ecological problems during urban development were discussed,and a series of strategies of urban opening space pattern optimization have been put forward based on landscape planning theories.     

The Safe Distance Between Road Lighting Fixtures and Street Trees

The road lighting system and the road greening system, which are mutually interrelated and independent, are two important parts in the urban road environment. Unreasonable road lighting is easy to induce light pollution and has a great negative impact on the physiology and growth of garden plants in the urban green space. In this paper, 21 kinds of common tree species in the urban green space of Zhengzhou were selected as the research object, and the photosynthetic physiological parameters of landscape trees under the LED light source were observed using LI-6400 Photosynthesis System. This paper attempted to find the critical point for initiating photosynthesis of different types of tree species under a certain light source and then calculated the safe distance between lighting fixtures and landscape trees. The results showed that road lighting interfered with the photosynthetic physiological activities of the surveyed trees, affecting the normal dormancy of the plants at night; the sensitivity of different tree species to night lighting was different, and there were some differences in the light compensation points, so the corresponding safe distance was also different. It is hoped that this study can provide a valuable reference and scientific basis for urban road greening and lighting design.     

福建武夷山自然保护区植被景观格局研究

为全面了解武夷山自然保护区的植被景观格局现状,借助地理信息系统ArcGIS和景观结构分析软件Fragstats,提取福建武夷山国家级自然保护区植被景观斑块的数量、面积和周长等信息,选取分维数、破碎度、聚集度、均匀度和多样性等景观格局指数,从植被景观的斑块特征和景观的空间异质性2个方面对福建武夷山国家级自然保护区植被景观格局进行研究。结果表明：（1）研究区有灌丛、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、竹林、针叶林、中山草甸、人工植被、阔叶矮曲林和落叶阔叶林等9种植被景观类型,各景观类型的斑块数、面积和周长分布极不均匀,针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林是研究区的主导景观类型。（2）在植被景观类型水平上,选取分维数、破碎度和聚集度进行景观异质性研究,针阔混交林的分维数最大,为1.1678,边界形状最不规则;人工植被的破碎度最大,为0.0503,受到人类活动影响最大;各植被景观类型的聚集度都在95%以上。（3）在植被景观水平上,选取分维数、破碎度、聚集度、均匀度和多样性指数等5个指标分析景观异质性,其值分别为1.1479、0.6298、98.1909%、0.6629、1.4565;研究区各景观形状较规则,破碎度小,聚集度高,各景观空间分布不均匀,总体多样性水平较低。该研究结果可以为自然保护区的植被景观格局的整体规划和生态环境的保护提供基础数据支持。     

Plant Landscape Creation of Flower Sea

Plant landscape of flower sea is the aesthetic refinement and essential configuration of flowers, it portrays a gorgeous picture in urban green patches, and becomes a focus of modern urban landscaping. Flower sea plants in modern gardens are characterized by harmonious seasonal aspects, wild fun, and ecolandscape connectivity; configurations of diversified flower sea plant species cater for psychological needs of urban residents; in the creation of flower sea plant landscapes, suitable flower species should be selected, new images of suburbs highlighted, ecological and environmental conservation stressed, and landscape experience fully explored.     

上海公园绿地植物群落调查与群落景观优化调整研究

对上海市公园绿地的植物群落进行调查,分析群落密度、冠幅、树种出现频率等对群落景观的影响,并按生态园林景观分类方法对部分典型植物群落进行分类探讨,列举了适合上海公园绿地生境的群落结构模式和植物群落优化调整的技术途径,以期更好地满足上海市公园绿化建设的需要,为城市生态园林建设提供参考。     

柳州市主城区滨水绿地植物景观效益数量化研究

园林植物景观效益的数量化是今后园林绿化的一个发展趋势。在抽样调查的基础上,借鉴唐东芹等人的AHP模型与方法,采用定量与定性指标相结合的方法对柳州市主城区滨水绿地植物景观效益进行数量化分析。结果表明,绿化树种丰富,以乡土树种为主,植物群落多样化,观花和其他观赏特征并存,季相变化明显,植物配置将美观与实用结合起来,真正实践了“以人为本”的植物景观设计理念。但地方文化树种、特色树种有待进一步的挖掘和应用,滨水绿地的养护管理与生态建设有待进一步的加强。     

不同尺度下城市绿地景观格局与连通性研究

城市绿地是关系城市可持续发展的重要环境因素,开展城市绿地景观格局特征研究是景观生态学研究的重点和热点。以长沙城市绿地景观作为研究对象,结合地理信息系统及遥感技术探讨景观格局与连通性指数随粒度增加的变化特征。研究结果表明：（1）随着粒度增加,各景观格局指数均具有尺度效应,且具有明显或不明显的尺度转折点;第一尺度域是选择适宜粒度的较好取值范围。本研究中景观指数计算的适宜粒度范围是80~90 m。（2）斑块的相对重要性尺度效应不显著。随着物种运动能力越强,斑块分级的尺度效应减小。连通性指数IIC和PC值也不具有较强的尺度依赖性。（3）长沙市绿地景观的连通性不高,景观中连通性重要值较大的大型斑块数量较少,且分布不均衡,有待今后规划改善。