Computation of Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Absorbing Coating Using the Finite Difference Time Domain Method

In this paper,we derive the necessary extension to the FD TD(finite difference time domain) method for absorbing coating of composite material.The scattering of electromagnetic waves(EW) from absorbing coating is considered,and the comparision of obtained results with exact analytic ones shows that the method used in this paper is correct and available.     

Automatic Generation of Curvilinear Grid for Finite Difference Method with Many Inner Objects

In this paper the partial differential equation of coordinate transformation is computed by the finite difference formulations and some examples were computed and illustrated in pictures.     

Analysis of Internal Force Calculation of Beams with Finite Length Bearing Several Point Loads and on Soil Foundation

For making the theoretic results close to the fact,two methods used to calculate the internal force of beams with finite length bearing several point loads and on soil foundation were compared.These two methods were based on the Winkler's assumption and the half-space elastic foundation theory respectively.Through theoretic analysis,the difference between the two methods was found.And with the aid of FLAC~(3D) analysis,it was clear that the results deduced by the method based on the Winkler's assumption were more close to the fact.     

Strength Reduction Method of No-linear FEM Limit Analysis for Pile Group Foundation

Confined by the condition of static loading test, the ultimate load of pile group is modified by the ultimate load of static loading test of a pile, so the estimated ultimate value lacks objectivity. The variables of universal function of bearing capacity of pile group are put up. First, based on one another matching parameters of strength for geotechnical material according to simultaneity relation in the forced pile foundation, and induced the strength reduction factor, the safety storage factor (SSF) is put up, which is denoted the ratio of real ultimate load to the load on pile foundation. Second, the plastic deformation is happen at the soils around pile tie at the condition of ultimately loading, and the steady state of pile-soil system rapidly changes into a unstable state (rapid changing relation), the phenomenon of loading-settlement shows that the vertical line lies at the inflexion after the ultimate load point. Hereby, the criterion of ultimate load, which is computed by the strength reduction method of no-linear FEM limit analysis for pile group, is build. Finally, used the ANSYS softer, the screw pile group of the practical foundation engineering is analyzed by 3-d FEM strength method. At P=207 800 N, the SSF is equal to 1.16, and the ultimate load (Q) is 241 048 N, which it is small 3.35% than the estimated ultimately loading of state loading test (249 400 N). This result validated the feasibility of strength reduction method used to decide the ultimate load of pile group.     

Numerical Analysis on Bearing Capacity of Piles Subjected to Side Loads

Besides the loading applied by the upper building, the piles are often subjected to indirect loading such as side loads. These kinds of loads would cause the pile bear additional force (negative skin friction), which may be large enough to reduce the bearing capacity and cause structural failure of a pile. By establishing the numerical model of pile soil interaction, the bearing capability of pile under side load was analyzed. The joint effect of different magnitude and the distance of the side load on the skin friction were focused. The joint effect of length of the pile and the distance of side load on the skin friction was discussed. The expression of the two combination relationship was obtained. Meanwhile, by using the least square method, the expression of total skin friction on different side load combination was achieved. And based on the statistical analysis of the dispersion coefficient, the function expression was proved to be of high precision. The results show that when k, which indicates the relative relation of side load distance s and the side load magnitude Q, increases to 32, the value of negative skin friction goes to zero. When c, indicating the relative relation between pile length L and side load distance s, increases to 0.5, the value of negative skin friction goes to zero. Beyond limit value of these two relative relationships, the bearing capability of the pile will not be affected by side loads.     

FEM Analysis of Differential Settlement of Gravel Pile Foundation Under Large scale Oil Tank

In order to reduce the differential settlement of gravel pile foundation under large scale oil tank, axisymmetric numerical simulation method and finite element method was employed to study the pile length, the exchange rate of length, the length of the cushion course to the influence of differential settlement and the relationship of negative lateral displacement and the settlement. It is found that: differential settlement has a minimum range of pile length. For the oil tank foundation center, by keeping the pile diameter, increasing pile spacing can increase the rate of exchange and obtain smaller differential settlement in relatively smaller displacement rate conditions. And by keeping replacement rate unchanged, the larger the pile diameter(namely the looser pile spacing) is, the smaller the differences settlement of the gravel pile foundation is. Moreover, pile length adjustment and the exchange rate have obvious effects on different subsidence and not obvious effects on the length of the cushion course. The appearance of oil tank foundation negative lateral displacement is one of the most important features of differential settlement adjustment.     

Bearing Characteristics of Deep Rock-Socketed Piles and Application of Load Transfer Method

In order to study bearing characteristics of deep rock-socketed piles (hr/b≥5), based on the test results of self-balancing test of zh12 pile in Qingdao Gulf Bridge, the bearing characteristics of deep rock-socketed piles were analyzed. The relation between sides shear resistance of the piles and its displacement socked in soft rock was researched, and the relation between end bearing resistance and displacement was studied. The hyperbolic distributions on the load transfer method were compared to them. The results indicate that Q -S curve of large diameter deep socketed pile in soft rock area declines slowly, approximately in linear distribution. According to the fitting curve based on measured results, it is feasible to fit the relationship between sides shear resistance and its displacement by using hyperbola. The parameter of 1/b also reflects the ultimate side resistance values of piles. The load-displacement curve at the top of pile is similar to the hyperbolic form. By using the parameters of a、b obtained from fitting curve, the calculated load-displacement curve on top of pile is close to the measured curve of self-balance method. At last, according to the measured results, the value range of parameterαin empirical formula was analyzed under different states of axial compressive strength.     

Application of Coordinate Difference Method in Safe Monitor of High Slope with Total Station Actively

The most common used method for safe monitor of high slope is to set a fixed observation point to monitor the transformation. But in urban area, due to restriction of the site and telecommunication conditions the transformation of high slope may have an impact to the fixed point and the result and the result we take from the point may be not correct. To avoid the impact and improve the accuracy, in this paper, a coordinate difference method to monitor the transformation of high slope with Total station actively is put forward and the principle, error analyses of this method are described and its application in safe monitor of high slope is introduced.     

A Study Transient on Predictive Calculation Method of on Underground Ventilation Network

The authors developed a computer program of transient predictive calculation method on underground ventilation network. The program approximated a field data set of seasonal cyclic changes of air Temperature and humidity at the inlet to the sine curves, and included sensible heat conduction from rock to air current. The temperature of rock around and airway was calculated by finite difference method. The prediction method can be used to calculate the variation of flow rates, temperatures and humidities of air flow in the airways along underground network.     

Coupled Thermo-Elastic Contact Finite Element Method and It''s Application in Gearing

A new finite element method is presented in this paper to analyze the thermo- elastic contact problem with heat input on meshing tooth faces. The computational model of meshing gear has been established and the frictional heat input on meshing tooth faces is estimated. In addition, 2-D finite element analysis program for this kind of problem is listed. The test and practical examples are given to show the validity and versatility of this method.     

The Finite Element Method for Frame Structure with Fuzzy Elastic Connections

The connections of frame structure elements at a node are ofen an elastic connection between hinged and rigid.In this paper,the stiffness matrix and the loading transfer matrix of frame element with turn elastic connections is deduced,the cross shear effect has been taken into consideration simultaneously.The stiffness matrices of some bar elements,such as both ends of the bar are hinged or rigid and one end is hinged but the other is rigid,are special cases of the stiffness matrices presented in this paper.After pointing out that the elastic coefficient at a node of a bar element with elastic joint is really a fuzzy quantity,the fuzzy stiffness matrix of the bar element is obtained,and a solution to structural fuzzy finite element equilibrium equations is presented.The fuzzy solution obtained from above is not only containing the solution of ordinary finite element method but also providing some additional informations with practical value.[WT5HZ]     

Application of Extended Finite Element Method to Fracturing Analysis of Gravity Dam

The extended finite element method(XFEM) presented in recent years is a new and effective method for discontinuity analysis,especially fracture problem analyses.The basic XFEM principle is introduced and the technique for fracture analysis is presented.The fracturing process of a gravity dam is simulated by XFEM,and the rules of stresses and displacements distribution are analyzed.Compared with the classical finite element method,the crack growth in the gravity dam can be modeled by XFEM without making the crack surface associate with the finite element mesh and setting dense mesh near the crack tip as well as remeshing after crack growth.The cumbersome work and disadvantages in conducting fracturing analysis by the finite element method thus can be avoided.The predominance of this method for dam fracturing analysis is displayed.     

Finite Element Method of 3D Stable Heat Conduction of Steel Fluid in Continuous Casting Moulds

The heat transfer of steel fluid in continuous casting mould is a stable process and can be depicted with three-dimensional stable heat conduction equation depending on tension speed. The corresponding finite element equation, including the first, second and third boundary conditions, is deduced out with Galerkin residual method. The coded FEM program is used to analyze the temperature distribution of Q235 steel in continuous billet casting mould. The method proposed is a foundation of thermo-mechanical coupled analysis for the formation of solidified shells and stress in the shells in continuous casting.     

Evaluation of the Energy Release Rate of Three-point-bending Beam Using Finite Element Method

Calculation of the energy release rate with finite element method (FEM ) is conducted. The concrete beam model is meshed using a method without need of considering the crack-tip singular element. Two columns of nodes, which belong to the right-and left-parts of the beam, respectively, are generated on the central line of the model and released one after another in a proper sequence. Energy release rate is evaluated based on the virtual crack closure technique. Comparison between the calculated values and theoretical values is made, which shows that they are in good agreement.     

Dynamic Constitutive Model of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Its Finite Element Method

Taking the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) test data as training samples, an implicit dynamic constitutive model of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) was proposed with the improved BP neural network program. On the basis of ABAQUS/Explicit, a user defined material subroutine VUMAT was compiled with FORTRAN language, embedding with the neural network constitutive model into finite element calculation. With SFRC structure＇s response under impact load as case study, it is shown that the constructed constitutive model and its finite element method are effective.     

Application of a FDTD/MOMTD Hybrid Method to the Scattering Problem of the Ground Penetrating Radar

In order to analyze and research the scattering problem of the ground penetrating radar under the ground, a hybrid method combining FDTD and MOMTD is constructed to solve the problem. The curve of current on central feeding point of pick-up antenna is obtained by simulating when different distance between the ideal conductor and the ground is considered, correctness of the result gained by employing the hybrid method is proved through qualitative and quantitative analysis.     

Analysis on Deformation Characteristics of CFG Piles-Gravel Cushion Composite Foundation of the Deep Embedded Secret Passage

In order to investigate the issue in the field of the application of CFG pile application of CFG pile composite foundation technology in deep embedded secret passage of such special structure ground treatment, the settlement deformation of CFG pile composite foundation according to deep are studied and detailed analysis are given in the field test and indoor model test of the gravel cushion with different thickness. Moreover it points out that the cushion compressive deformation must be taken into account, and that the settlement deformation calculation cannot simply consider the amendments of composite foundation. The amendments of cushion deformation must be considered. The effect of the different thickness of cushion on pile-soil stress ratio, total settlement of composite foundation, cushion compression and axial stress of pile body were analysed by using ABAQUS finite element method. Through the analysis of the field test, indoor model test and the numerical simulation of CFG piles-gravel cushion composite foundation of the deep embedded secret passage, a settlement deformation monitoring method has been described and the selection principle of the cushion has determined so as to provide the cushion design basis in the process of composite foundation design.     

对称式基坑渗流涌水量的计算方法

随着地铁、越江隧道等地下工程的日益增多,涌现出了大量的对称式基坑。基于共形映射理论,推导了对称式基坑涌水量计算表达式,并对其计算参数进行分析。研究表明,对称式基坑的单宽涌水量与渗透系数、基坑内外水头差成正比,与（相对）隔水层层顶到坑底的距离和基坑两侧止水帷幕间距的比值、止水帷幕嵌固深度和（相对）隔水层层顶到坑底距离的比值、基坑内外水头差和（相对）隔水层层顶到坑底距离的比值成反相关。     

马铃薯冠气温差变化特性与耐旱性的关系

冠气温差能够反映植物在干旱胁迫下的生理适应性。本研究以耐旱型马铃薯品种冀张薯8号和陇薯10号; 干旱敏感型品种大西洋和夏波蒂, 以及从秘鲁国际马铃薯中心引进的10份具有不同耐旱性的种质资源为材料, 在半干旱和半湿润2种环境下对其植株表型性状(株高、叶面积、叶鲜重、植被覆盖指数)、光合生理指标(光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素)以及冠气温差进行测定和耐旱性评价。结果表明, 所测性状指标中, 冠气温差、蒸腾速率和气孔导度对干旱胁迫最敏感; 冠气温差在不同供试马铃薯材料之间及干湿两种环境之间均表现出极显著差异性; 冠气温差的耐旱系数与植株表型性状及光合生理指标的耐旱系数均呈极显著正相关; 利用红外热成像技术监测冠气温差, 是进行马铃薯耐旱性评价的有效手段, 可为马铃薯耐旱育种研究提供理论依据。