Performance Analysis of the Timeslot Synchronous in the Upstream Channel for the HFC Networks

In this paper, in the light of the percolating flow mechanics problems in the field of environmental science research , the transport mechanism and law of the volatile organic pollutants in the soils and the transport model and law of the underground water multi-component reacting solute are discussed, and the gas transport and the second pollution problems in the solid waste landfill are analyzed~ Based on the research given above, the transport process and two aspects of the control mechanisms uncertainty for the volatile organic matter and the necessity to establish the coupling model of multi-component water chemistry model and waterdynamic transport model are pointed out. The result is of great theoretical importance and practical significance to the further understanding of the overlapping research problems in environmental science and percolating flow mechanics.     

Strategies for Improving the Overall Environmental Quality of Rivers Based on “Renovation and Restoration” Concept: A Case Study of Landscape Planning of Linjiang River,Yongchuan District,Chongqing City

The concept of "renovation and restoration" marks the transformation from urban and rural planning and construction to intensive development mode and to quality improvement stage.The environmental imbalance problem of emphasizing development and neglecting ecology in the past has become the focus of the current urban quality improvement stage.Rivers are related to the origin,development and evolution of cities,affect the layout,transportation and environment of cities,and bear the culture,economy and characteristics of cities.Taking the Linjing River of Yongchuan in Chongqing as an example and taking the concept of "renovation and restoration" as the guidance of the design of the overall environmental quality improvement of the river,this study analyzed and summarized the problems to be solved in the improvement of the environmental quality of the river based on the four river environmental impact factors of water pollution,water resource supply and demand,ecological environment and shore water waterfront type and the strategies of optimizing the aquatic environment management,constructing the ecological landscape pattern,shaping the regional cultural landscape and combining the economic development along the river were put forward in order to improve the overall environmental quality of Linjiang River and provide reference for relevant planning and design.     

池塘循环水养殖模式下养殖面积与净化面积的配比关系研究

为了详细计算池塘循环水养殖模式养殖面积和净化面积合理的配比关系,使养殖废水中氮、磷等富营养化物质的分级利用和水资源的循环使用更加合理。通过参照水生植物对养殖尾水中污染物的吸收能力和养殖鱼类的产排污系数,再结合淡水池塘养殖过程中水质管理的一般规律,给出了淡水池塘循环水养殖模式中养殖池塘面积和净化池塘面积之间配比关系的计算方法。以养殖草鱼为例,通过该计算方法,结果表明：以总氮的去除为例,养殖池塘和净化池塘的基本面积比为15:1;按养殖池塘所排放的污染物浓度计算,一亩净化池塘可以净化7.5亩养殖池塘;按养殖鱼类的产排污系数计算,一亩净化池塘可以净化27.8亩养殖池塘。不同的养殖产量、不同的养殖品种都会影响到净化池塘和养殖池塘面积比例,通过提高净化池塘的净化能力则可以减少净化池塘的使用面积,从而提高养殖效益。利用该计算方法来解释此前相关的研究实例,也证明是可行的。该计算模型的构建为今后在池塘循环水养殖模式构建中降低经济成本,为最终实现生态效益对经济效益的补偿提供了理论基础。     

辽河流域水环境预警研究

建立科学的预警系统是解决中国水环境危机的重要手段,为解决正确、快速而又直观预警的问题,引申并利用韦伯-费希纳定律,结合熵权法,以辽宁段内的三合屯、阿吉堡作为研究实例,选取与辽河流域水环境关系密切的水质评价指标。在此基础上利用熵权法确定各指标的权重,计算2个断面的水环境预警值,进而建立水环境质量等级与水环境综合影响指数之间的水环境预警模型。结果表明：三合屯预警级别为超重警,阿吉堡为无警,此模型可以较好地用于辽河流域水环境预警与评价。     

多溴联苯醚在环境中的污染现状与毒理效应研究进展

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是中一类阻燃性能优异的溴系化合物,因此在世界各地被广泛的应用,大量生产和使用在各种工业产品中。经研究发现,PBDEs具有生物累积性、环境持久性,生物毒性和远距离传输特性,对环境有着持久性的污染。在2009年5月,《斯德哥尔摩公约》第4次缔约方大会已将五溴联苯醚和八溴联苯醚列为新型持久性有机污染物。许多国家已将其禁用。但是由于PBDEs在历史上的大量生产和使用,使得PBDEs及其衍生物(OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs)已普遍存在于各种环境介质中,许多地方都检测到其残留,且在生物体中的富集。这会对水生生态系统和人类健康造成严重威胁。目前,学者们对于多溴联苯醚的研究主要在于它的迁移转化和生物分子毒性方面。本文重点综述了多溴联苯醚的应用概况、在环境中的残留及其对生物的毒性。并在此基础上提出尚需重点研究的问题,以期深入了解多溴联苯醚污染现状及其对生物和生态系统的潜在威胁,为积极采取多溴联苯醚危害防治措施、保护生物资源和生态系统提供可资借鉴的资料。     

温室地上环境因子模型研究综述

为了完善温室环境模型，实现生产过程最优控制，本研究从温室地上环境模型类型入手，以环境因子、静动态模型为划分依据，分析总结了单因子环境模型、多因子综合模型、静、动态模型的研究进展和存在问题，归纳了温室模型的简化方法。指出温室环境控制的主要问题仍是缺乏精确的环境模型。最后在以能量、质量和物质等平衡关系基础上，考虑作物品质、产量及经济成本，提出了运用现代优化控制理论，建立精准的温室环境模型，将成为今后的研究方向。     

Application of Uncertain Model in Urban River Quality Simulation

Owing to the fluctuation of water quality in urban river which polluted by drainage along river, one-dimension uncertain water quality model embeded neural network is established. Genetic algorithms and a modified fitness function are used to optimize parameters of the uncertain model. Examples illustrate that the uncertain model has higher prediction accuracy with the average accuracy over 80% than the certain model, and is more sensitive to the fluctuation of pollutants discharged into the river. The uncertain model has a significant advantage of prediction and could better adapt to the changing urban water environment, especially at points close to the pollution sources.     

Development and Apllication of an Intergrated Emergency Lightening System for Water Pollutant Accident Management in the Three Gorges Basin

An integrated water pollution management system for the Three Gorges Reservior Area (TGRA) titled as WPMIS_ER_TGRA was developed as an information based techenical tool for emergency response on water pollutant accident.ArcGIS Engine, a Geographic Information System (GIS) Module Warehouse, was used as programme developing platform, and Visual Basic (VB) as programming language.The mathematical models for hydraulic and water quality simulation were developed and integrated in the system and programmed as a DLL file via VB.WPMIS_ER_TGRA owns a new function of emergency lightening at watershed scale as well as the normal water environmental information management functions.The system was applied for emergency water pollution management by a dummy ship capsizal in Yangtze River.It was found that WPMIS_ER_TGRA could model the transfer and diffusion of the accident pollutants in rivers, quickly forecast the pollution situation and identify the influencing area and their changing with time in a few minutes just after the accident happened.     

水生藻类的环境指示作用

为了方便有效地监测水环境中有氮磷污染物、重金属、农药及其他有机污染物等,笔者研究了水生藻类对水体环境中相应污染物的敏感性和耐受性,以及污染物对水域生态系统中藻类种群结构所造成的影响,分析了污染物对水生藻类的毒理和富集等,获得了大量数据。结果表明,水生藻类对一些水环境污染物具有较好的指示作用,该方法便于直观快速地调查分析相应水体的污染情况。     

Study on Gross Control and Comprehensive Treatment of Urban River according to Fu River in Mianyang District, Sichuan

To provide quantificational instruments of river environmental management and Gross Control Layout of the urban river,in this paper,the water quality actuality was appraised by the standard exponent means,the functional water areas were divided,and the water quality coupling models were established in subsection.Then the water environmental capacity was calculated using VC .Finally,the value of water environmental model was constituted and its capacity was approached.The quantificational gist of the water resource everlasting exploitation and society economy sustainable development in urban river region is provided.     

原生动物在环境毒理学研究中的应用

环境毒理学一直是环境科学的重要分支,其研究成果对于确定污染物生物效应、作用机理以及制定环境监测指标都有重要意义。原生动物在环境毒理学研究中具有特殊的地位和作用。本文概述了原生动物在水体监测,污水净化及土壤环境评价等方面的应用,以及作为环境毒理学研究模式生物的独特优势,对原生动物在毒理学研究中的发展前景进行了展望。     

Study on the Relationship Between Capacity of Regional AtmosphericEnvironments and the Size of Population Development

The population of university town increases sharply these days, the quality of atmospheric environments continues to deteriorate, and the carrying capacity of environments declines dramatically. People`s environmental awareness is gradually increasing and the demand for quality of life is higher and higher.In order to protect the quality of atmospheric environments, mitigate the adverse effects of population expansion of the university town on the atmospheric environments, and promote the sustainable development of social and economic benefits, to carry out this project is essential. Based on the university town`s existing land-use planning and environmental quality, combined with regional meteorological data, the article uses mathematical modeling to estimate the atmospheric environmental capacity of regional conventional pollution factor. Also, according to the survey data based on per capita resource consumption, this article statistically analyzes the unit of pollutant emissions and regional pollutants emissions. Based on the estimates of environmental capacity, it demonstrates the rationality of existing planning of the university town and also feedback from the perspective of the protection of the atmospheric environment on the population size control of the university town.     

福建省水产品质量安全的风险因子及对策

本文介绍了水产品质量安全的重要性,分析了药物、非法添加物、微生物、毒素、重金属以及环境污染因子等影响水产品质量安全的风险因子,阐述了福建省水产养殖业现状,从水产品产地、市场流通环节等方面总结了福建省水产品质量安全现状和问题,给出提高水产品质量安全、减小风险的对策与建议,以促进福建省水产品的可持续发展。     

有机污染物的植物修复

（山西农业大学农业生物工程中心,山西太谷 030801）     

不同试点氮肥水平对强筋小麦加工品质性状及其稳定性的影响

用7个强筋小麦品种,分别在6个省试验,研究氮肥及生态环境对其加工品质及其稳定性的影响。结果表明,在施氮0~300 kg/hm2范围内,湿面筋、沉降值、吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、延伸性、面包体积均随施氮量增加逐渐提高,其中形成时间、稳定时间、湿面筋、沉降值的变异系数较大,表明这些性状对氮肥反应敏感,吸水率对氮肥反应迟钝,稳定性较好。稳定时间在不同试验点的变异系数最大,吸水率的变异系数最小。稳定时间、形成时间、拉伸面积在不同品种间变异系数差别较大,而其他品质指标的变异系数差别较小。把施氮处理和试验点统一作为环境因素,把不同品种作为基因型因素,利用AMMI模型对主要加工品质指标进行分析,其中湿面筋、形成时间、延伸性、面包体积和面包评分的环境效应大于基因型效应;而沉降值、吸水率、稳定时间、拉伸面积的基因型效应大于环境效应;基因型与环境（G´E）的交互作用对各项品质性状均有极显著影响。     

水、土环境变化下消落区生态环境问题研究

三峡水库投入使用后，在库区两岸形成周期性变化的水陆交错地带即消落区。通过调查消落区的类型、分布、面积等基本情况，从消落区水、土相互作用角度，分析了消落区在水、土交互作用下对水、陆生态系统的影响，提出了利用生物缓冲带等技术来建立消落区生态保护的措施。     

基于DPSIR和云模型的宿鸭湖水库水环境安全评估

为了推动水库水环境安全工作的开展,强化水源区水质保护,以宿鸭湖水库为例,应用DPSIR模型建立了水库水环境安全评估的指标体系,通过熵值法确定了各指标的权重,采用云模型对其2015年的水环境安全进行了评估,结果表明：该水库水环境处于较安全等级,但存在安全隐患;由于上游工业废水、居民生活污水、餐饮业的废弃物随着降雨径流汇入水库,再加上水产养殖、观光旅游等人类活动的影响,使其TN、TP的浓度和入库量增加,水库水质难以达标,需引起水库管理部门的重视。结论：云模型可减少评估过程中的不确定性,实现水库水环境安全概念与其定量数值间的合理转换,使其评估结果与实际相符。     

主要淡水水产品在养殖模式转换过程中营养品质的形成机制研究进展

随着生活水平的提高人们越来越重视膳食品质,鲈鱼、乌鳢、鳜鱼等几种肉食性鱼类因其较高的营养价值而备受关注。目前,这几种经济鱼类正处在从传统池塘养殖向池塘工程化养殖和从饲喂冰鲜饵料向投喂人工配合饲料养殖模式转变的过程中。本文通过已有研究总结了这几种主要淡水水产品的养殖现状及具体评价营养价值的指标,并对其养殖模式转换过程中的营养价值可能出现的变化进行了综述。讨论总结后发现,投喂人工配合饲料养殖的鲈鱼、鳜鱼等经济鱼类营养价值特别是蛋白质品质低于投喂冰鲜饵料的。而池塘循环水养殖这种新型的养殖模式对这几种肉食性鱼类营养价值的影响尚不明确。但从目前已有研究来看,池塘循环水养殖能够有效改善水质,并在一定程度上限制了有害物质积累。所以这种新型养殖模式对这几种经济鱼类食用品质有积极的影响。本文通过对主要淡水水产品在养殖模式转换过程中营养价值形成机制进行综述,为推行绿色健康可持续的新型养殖模式提供了理论依据。     

稻鸭共作研究进展

稻鸭共作是亚洲地区广泛推广应用的水稻种植模式,具有降低综合温室效应、生物性抑制病虫草害、提高土壤质量、改善水体环境、稳定水稻产量和提高稻米品质等作用,具有良好的经济、社会和环境效益,是发展循环农业、保证食品安全的有效种植模式。本文追溯了稻鸭共作的发展历史,梳理了近年来稻鸭共作模式下的生态环境效应和效益研究,概述了稻鸭共作的种植新模式,并提出了今后稻鸭共作模式下的研究重点。