Development of Towns in Chongqing and Its Problems

To further accelerate the development of towns is a necessary route to realize urbanization in China. Based on current situations in Chongqing, this paper studies the related development theories and practice. It also analyzes the difficulties and opportunities faced currently. It can be used as reference for the development and construction of towns in our country.     

The Traditional Form of Mountainous Towns in Sichuan & Chongqing

The mountainous towns in Sichuan and Chongqing lie in mountainous region. During long-term practice, the people living there created a town form full of mountainous characteristics, such as highly multiple, multidimensional and intensive town form with a triune from town, building and terra. In this paper, the traditional form characteristics of mountainous towns are studied offering historical reference for planning and building mountainous towns of Sichuan and Chongqing full of mountainous characteristics in new century.     

Towns of Chongqing Sustainable Development Objective Appraisement

Master towns of Chongqing includes Wanzhou, Fuling, Jiangjin, Huochuan and Yongchuan. According to the stratage of developing Western China and urbanization, this article discusses tendency of sustainable development in towns of Chongqing. Applying `evaluation method of arrangement model' and `analyze method of equal difference ', the authors find the short wming of the quality of urbanization and the sustainable development in five towns. So the article takes center city and towns construction and set up cooperation mechanism between the five cities that will be sure to increase momentum and ability of Chongqing for Sustainable development object.     

On Development of Small Towns and Estimate of Urban Land - use - A Case Study in Dazu County, Chongqing

The urbanization level and demand of urban land-use in future are forecast on the basis of natural condition, social and economic environment and the present condition of development in Dazu County. In the future, the supply-demand contradiction in urban land will be more intensive with acceleration of urbanization. Therefore, on one hand, urban land in major towns should be increased properly with centralization and land rearrangement of rural settlements;on the other hand, utilization ratio of land should be improved with enhancement of intensive use of urban land. In Dazu County, the demand of urban land should be satisfied primarily in towns with strong economy and urban land use should be increased properly in towns with general economic level but with potential economic development in the future. As for other towns, the urban land-use increase should be controlled.     

Protection of Historic Villages and Towns in View of Tourism Destination Study

The traditional ways of protecting heritage are often passive when facing the influence of tourism development, which makes the protection measures lag behind relatively. To solve such a problem, this paper analyzes the influence of tourism destination lifecycle and of spatial structure creatively with the theories of Tourism Geography, pointing out that the influences are different in different lifecycle phases with different distinct characteristics, that the special spatial structure always makes tourism destinations facing more complex conditions and take more heavy environment pressure. Therefore, this paper advocates taking active protection, dynamic protection, building protection system to protect the historic villages and towns.     

An Evidential Analysis on the Rural Urbanization Development in Chongqing

The rural urbanization process in Chongqing is much slower than that in other metropolitans and most of the provinces in eastern China, which can't adapt to its important function as the economic and cultural center in southwestern China.It is urgent for Chongqing to accelerate the rural urbanization for improving its whole urbanization level and speeding up its economy development to catch up with other metropolitans and some advanced provinces.Compared with the urbanization in other metropolitans and some provinces, the authors demonstrated the rural urbanization situation and its characteristics in Chongqing in details, analyzed the reasons for the poor urbanization and its influences on the social-economic development especially that in the rural area.Inferior position of Chongqing's small towns in the market competition with those from other provinces is one of the results of its poor urbanization development.At last, the authors suggested a few practical countermeasures to improve the rural urbanization in order to get a rapid and sustainable rural development and to increase the whole economic effects of the metropolitan.     

Integrated Development of the Tourism and Protection of Ancient Towns

Local color is not only the cultural counter in the competition between cities,but the main cultural element that attracts foreign tourists.In recent years,many cities have regarded tourism development as a major mean of reviving ancient towns.The excavation of local culture,material reconstruction of local characteristics,and the resurgence andreproductionof local industries have become an important work in the tourism development of ancient towns.Apart from the discussion of the protection,inheritance,and touristification of tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage,this paper demonstrated the possibility of the integration and production capacity of local characteristic industry resources and analyzed the impact of the integrated development on the lifestyle and living atmosphere of residents in the ancient towns.In this paper,ways to realize the integrated development of the tourism and protection of ancient towns were included as follows:(1)to ensure the principal status of local residents and give full play to their initiatives;(2)to protect the local traditional way of life and improve the public service system;(3)to choose the appropriate development pattern and achieve the diversified development;(4)to improve service facilities in tourism and adjust the structure of tourism products.     

Sustainable Development of Chongqing Energy Industry

The idea of the sustainable development is proposed by analyzing the present Chongqing energy industry. Enumerated some energy technologyies and energy forms, which not only save energy but also reduce enviromental pollution. Some suggestion on the development of Chongqing energy industry is given. The main content is the following:Electricity should be developed first when developing energy industry. The government should exploit and apply the technology of the clean coal, develop equipments generating electricity with gasvapor cycle, and improve actively advanced technology of thermal power joint production and thermal power cooling joint supply. It is also necessary to make full use of natural gas in favour of developing sustainable energy industry and take advantage of three gorges area. Some useful suggestions are given at last.     

Perspective of Chongqing Housing Development

This article states the opportunity,challenge and achievement in the urban housing development of Chongqing,predicted the housing development tendency in the 21 st century and describe the current key tasks of Chongqing construction commission.     

Tactics and Ways for Renovation of Old Mountain Cities and Towns

The renovation of old mountain cities and towns is a main point in city construction nowadays. In this paper, the characters of economic and real estate development are analyzed to find out proper ways and new principles for renovation from two aspects as city planning and street space renewal to solve the new problems in our present work.     

旅游开发对昆虫多样性的影响——以岳麓山为例

旅游开发对旅游地植被、土壤、环境等多方面产生了消极影响,但是旅游活动对旅游地昆虫多样性影响的研究尚少,本研究利用调查取样法于2008年5-7月份3次对岳麓山设置样地采集昆虫标本,将设置的样地分为旅游热点区域和非旅游热点区域,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数等分析方法分析。结果表明：（1）岳麓山旅游非热点区域的昆虫多样性和丰富度明显高于热点区域;（2）旅游非热点区域的昆虫均匀度指数稍高于旅游热点区域;（3）昆虫优势度指数在2个不同区域差别不明显。建议在岳麓山风景区的规划建设过程中,不仅要注重提高植被的丰富性和覆盖率,而且还要加强旅客环保意识的宣传。     

Study on Pattern of Urbanization Development in Chongqing

As a municipality directly under central government, Chongqing has a dual economic structure. We can't break away from its history and realistic condition while studying its urbanization development model. In this paper, taking the theory of urbanization development as the foundation, fully using the experience in urbanization of developed area for reference in combination with the reality in Chongqing, the urbanization development model for Chongqing is put forward as "metropolitan area + dot-axle type town strap", that is, taking metropolis area as the center and Yangtze river and Line 319 (Yuhai Railway) as the development axle and the towns along the axle as the node, the development is carried out like a string of beads to form a network type urban system with metropolitan area as center and cities such as Wanzhou, Fuling and Qianjiang etc along Yangtze River as the regional center.     

长株潭城市群旅游可持续发展评价研究

摘要：长株潭城市群“两型社会”建设要求该地区的旅游发展具有可持续性,结合长株潭城市群旅游系统的特征构建了该区域旅游的可持续发展水平评价指标体系,并利用层次分析对各项指标赋权,采用综合指数法评价了该地区旅游的可持续发展水平。结果显示：长株潭城市群旅游的总体可持续发展水平较强。这一方面说明长株潭城市群自开展“两型社会”建设以来在旅游可持续发展方面取得了较好的成效,另一方面又要求政府加大建设与管理,促使该地区旅游可持续发展水平向更高层次推进。     

重庆市粮食可持续生产能力分析评价

通过对重庆市粮食增产潜力进行科学预测,为国家或区域合理制定粮食增产及粮食安全措施提供理论依据。分析了2000 年以来重庆市水稻、玉米和小麦单产水平、粮食总产量及可提升的空间;利用2000—2010 年间统计数据,应用多元线性回归和建立灰色模型分析方法,对重庆市粮食生产可持续发展能力和粮食供需平衡状况进行分析。结果表明：重庆市粮食生产可持续发展能力较强,可提升的空间较大;粮食自给率水平逐步提高。重庆市未来粮食生产基本可以满足粮食需求。     

重庆农村新型股份合作社发育动因研究——基于重庆500户农户和100位基层干部的调查数据

为了探索出适合城乡统筹区域的新农村股份合作社,基于重庆市12个县(市、区)的500户农户和100位基层干部的随机抽样调查数据,从制度经济学的角度研究重庆农村新型股份合作社的发育动因。结果表明:(1)农业经济效益低下,城乡居民收入差距大是合作社制度创新的根本原因;(2)作为农业的最直接生产和经营者的农户,认为通过组建或参与农村新型股份合作社,能够给他们带来较高的并且稳定的收益,因此农户便很容易地自愿组成一个个的初级行动团体,共同追逐更多的外部利润;(3)样本区大多数基层干部认为农村新型股份合作社是促进资源整合、提升农业产业化经营水平、加快新农村建设的有效途径。由此可见,无论是初级行动团体还是次级行动团体都对农村新型股份合作社表现出积极的参与意愿,农村新型股份合作社这种制度创新必将发生。     

国内乡村旅游开发模式及其影响因素探讨

[目的]乡村旅游是现代旅游业向传统农业延伸的新尝试,21世纪后,乡村旅游实践的迅猛发展为国内学者提供了大量的研究案例,迫切需要进行归纳总结,提出具有代表性的开发模式,以更好地指导实践。[方法]从乡村旅游的概念出发,乡村旅游的要义包括空间属性、主体属性、资源(产品)属性等核心内涵。基于此,对乡村旅游开发模式及其影响因素进行探讨和总结亦应从关注乡村旅游的开发主体和发展阶段、乡村地区的地理区位及自然文化属性等核心影响因子切入,动态地考量各要素的作用及其相互关联。[结果]不同的乡村旅游目的地,区位、资源禀赋、政策环境、所处发展阶段均不相同,乡村旅游开发模式也存在很大差异。[结论]乡村旅游开发模式没有好坏之分,只有适合与否,要因地、因时制宜,不能生搬硬套。     

重庆市建设占用耕地与经济发展的脱钩研究

为了能够更好的揭示耕地变化与经济发展之间的关系,文章采用环境领域的脱钩理论和方法,分析重庆市2001-2009年建设占用耕地和非农GDP数据的关系。研究结果表明：（1）2001-2004年脱钩弹性系数变化剧烈,脱钩状态由扩张负脱钩转变为扩张连接状态,建设占用耕地的压力先增加后减小,波动性较大;（2）2004-2007年脱钩状态由扩张连接转变为强脱钩状态,建设占用耕地在一定程度上受到控制;（3）2007-2009年脱钩状态变化平稳,基本上处于强脱钩状态,建设占用耕地压力减小。总的来看,重庆市建设占用耕地与经济增长之间的变动关系由不稳定向稳定状态发展,耕地保护政策、措施实施的效果明显。随着经济的平稳较快发展,建设占用耕地的压力将会增大,为此,应加大对耕地保护的管理力度,采取节约、集约的土地利用政策和措施。     

Influences on Layout and Construction of Urbans and Towns in Mountainous Area

On the basis of investigations in field for years,some basic influences on layout and constructions of urbans and towns in mountainous area from geomorphological processes are studied.The results prove that geomorphological processes,especially catastrophic geomorphological processees (a mud- rock flow or a landslide) do important effect on the layout and construction of the urbans and towns.The paper also studies some effects on the urbans and towns from irreasonable human activities.     

三峡黄金旅游带旅游资源评价及开发研究

通过层次分析法、模糊赋分法对三峡工程蓄水后三峡黄金旅游带（重庆段）主要自然、人文景点（区）资源进行评价,并分析了旅游资源结构、开发价值及空间组合特点。在旅游带的旅游资源结构中,自然资源起着基础作用,人文景观为重要组成部分;在空间组合上可分为都市成片旅游区和沿江点状旅游区。基于上述评价结果,文章提出关于了三峡黄金旅游带旅游资源开发的一些思路。