杨树皮类脂对感染鸡传染性贫血病毒鸡外周血T细胞亚群含量的影响

[目的]从细胞免疫学角度探讨杨树皮类脂(PBL)对改善感染鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)鸡的免疫器官的细胞免疫水平的影响。[方法]以人工感染与未感染CIAV的1日龄SPF鸡作为试验模型,分别连续饲喂PBL 7 d,在第7、27、47天采用流式细胞术检测外周血中CD4+和CD8+的含量,并计算CD4+/CD8+。[结果]PBL能够增加健康SPF雏鸡外周血的CD4+T淋巴细胞的数量,提高非特异性细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能。[结论]杨树皮类脂对CIAV诱导的免疫抑制雏鸡外周血的CD4+和CD8+T细胞水平的降低具有一定抑制作用。     

Preserved CD4+ central memory T cells and survival in vaccinated SIV-challenged monkeys

Vaccine-induced cellular immunity controls virus replication in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys only transiently, leading to the question of whether such vaccines for AIDS will be effective. We immunized monkeys with plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding SIV proteins and then challenged them with pathogenic SIV. Although these monkeys demonstrated a reduction in viremia restricted to the early phase of SIV infection, they showed a prolonged survival. This survival was associated with preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and could be predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-induced cellular immune response. These immune correlates of vaccine efficacy should guide the evaluation of AIDS vaccines in humans.     

鸡白细胞介素-18真核表达载体构建与ILTV弱毒疫苗联合免疫

为了探索鸡IL-18在传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)弱毒疫苗中的免疫佐剂作用,将鸡IL-18(ChIL-18)克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/ChIL-18(简称pIL-18)。用pIL-18、ILTV弱毒疫苗及其两者联合分别免疫21日龄SPF雏鸡,免疫后每周抽取外周血及外周抗凝血,应用ELISA和流式细胞仪分别检测免疫鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫水平。免疫后第4周用100 ELD50ILTV强毒进行攻击。结果pIL-18与ILTV弱毒疫苗联合免疫组的淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+明显高于ILTV弱毒疫苗免疫组(P<0.01),ILTV强毒攻毒后发病鸡数量少,并且发病症状较轻。     

慢性HCV感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8+和CD38+的检测及临床意义

目的通过测定慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 的表达,从而了解感染者机体细胞免疫状态。方法流式细胞术检测44例慢性HCV感染者及正常对照外周血ALT、外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 细胞的百分率。结果慢性HCV感染者外周血CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。慢性丙型肝炎各组之间比较,ALT异常组CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例高于ALT正常组(P<0.01)。结论慢性HCV感染患者CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例明显升高,表明慢性HCV感染者处于较高的细胞免疫状态,与肝功能损伤有一定的相关性,对指导临床的病情分析和诊断具有参考价值。     

猪链球菌2型灭活疫苗对小鼠的免疫效果评价

在前期筛选出2株毒力强、抗原性好、遗传稳定的猪链球菌2型(SS2)疫苗菌株(HF2、HF3株)并分别制成灭活疫苗(采用ISA 201 VG矿物油佐剂)的基础上,进一步与SS2商品化灭活疫苗(HA9801株,铝胶佐剂)同步免疫小鼠,利用间接ELISA、流式细胞术、免疫攻毒试验、细菌定植试验和病理组织学观察等方法测定小鼠血清中IgG抗体效价,细胞因子含量(IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-β、MCP-1),外周血中CD4⁺/CD3⁺、CD8⁺/CD3⁺ T细胞亚群含量,攻毒保护率,组织荷菌数和病理组织变化等指标。结果显示,二免7 d后,HF2、HF3灭活疫苗组和HA9801商品化灭活疫苗组的血清IgG抗体效价分别为1:25 600、1:12 800、1:25 600;HF2灭活疫苗组的IL-4、IL-10含量显著高于HF3灭活疫苗组和HA9801商品化灭活疫苗组,IFN-γ、TNF-β含量显著高于HF3灭活疫苗组,但MCP-1含量显著低于HF3灭活疫苗组;HF2和HF3灭活疫苗组的CD4⁺/CD3⁺ T细胞比率均显著低于HA9801商品化灭活疫苗组,但CD8⁺/CD3⁺ T细胞比率差异不显著;HF2、HF3灭活疫苗和HA9801商品化灭活疫苗对小鼠的攻毒保护率均为100%;HF2灭活疫苗组小鼠的肺、脾脏组织荷菌数显著低于HF3灭活疫苗组;HF2灭活疫苗组小鼠的肺、肾、脾脏病理变化较HF3灭活疫苗组和HA9801商品化灭活疫苗组轻微。综合结果表明,由SS2(HF2株)制备的ISA 201 VG佐剂灭活疫苗免疫小鼠后不仅可产生较强的免疫应答,还可完全抵抗强毒株的攻击。     

兔脑炎微孢子虫感染对家兔细胞免疫功能的影响

以临床症状和病理学变化确诊为兔脑炎微孢子虫感染的家兔为研究对象,用流式细胞计数仪检测外周血CD4+、CEB+细胞比例,并与健康家兔进行比较。结果表明兔脑炎微孢子虫病患兔外周血CD4+细胞比例与对照组相比无明显变化,P>0.05;而CD8+细胞比例明显高于对照组,CD4+/CD8+比值则明显低于对照组,P<0.05。提示兔脑炎微孢子虫患兔外周血CD4+/CD8+比值明显下降,机体免疫力减弱,可能是导致兔脑炎微孢子虫入侵机体,引起家兔发病的重要原因。     

Inhibitory Effects of Kojic Acid on Phenoloxidase of Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella

The effects of kojic acid on phenoloxidase (PO) of Plutella xylostella were investigated, when it had been partially purified by 40% saturated [(NH4)2SO4] and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Kojic acid showed inhibitory effects on both monophenolase and o-diphenolase activity of the PO. The inhibitor concentrations leading to 50% (IC50) activity lost were estimated to be 0.07 mmol L-1 for monophenolase and 1 mmol L-1 for diphenolase, respectively. Kojic acid can also prolong the lag time of PO for oxidation of L-tyrosine. The inhibition kinetics were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots and kojic acid was found to be a reversible competitive inhibitor with the Ki of 0.47 mmol L-1. The ability of kojic acid to inhibit the enzyme activity may be associated with its ability to chelate copper at the active site. In addition, the iron ion was found to shorten the lag time obviously, but have no important effect on the monophenolase activity.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染对猪外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及增殖影响

为研究感染APP对猪外周血免疫功能影响,将24头健康杜洛克、长白猪和约克夏三元杂交(DLY)仔猪按性别、体重分为2组,分别用生理盐水(对照组CG)和含3.8×107CFU.mL-1猪放线杆菌(APP)稀释液(试验组TG)喷雾鼻腔。结果表明,TG猪血液中白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞数(GRA)、中间细胞数(MID)均极显著升高(P<0.01),淋巴细胞数(LYM)却极显著降低(P<0.01)。TG猪外周血CD3+T细胞降低(P>0.05),CD3+CD4+T细胞极显著降低(P<0.01),CD3+CD8+T细胞及CD4+/CD8+值显著降低(0.010.05)。结果表明,感染放线杆菌后,猪整体防御机能和呼吸道粘膜局部免疫功能增强,而机体整体免疫功能下降。     

美洲大蠊对低免疫力小鼠免疫功能的影响

用环磷酰胺造低免疫力小鼠模型,再分别用低、中、高剂量的美洲大蠊粉给小鼠灌胃,研究虫粉对小鼠吞噬细胞的吞噬指数、血清溶血素含量、外周血CD4/CD8和免疫器官指数的影响,结果表明,高剂量虫粉组的血清溶血素含量和外周血CD4/CD8与模型对照组相比均有显著提高(P<0.05),中、高剂量虫粉组吞噬细胞的吞噬指数比模型对照组显著提高(P<0.05),说明美洲大蠊虫粉能提高低免疫力小鼠的免疫功能.     

HCV persistence and immune evasion in the absence of memory T cell help

Spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in humans usually affords long-term immunity to persistent viremia and associated liver diseases. Here, we report that memory CD4+ Tcells are essential for this protection. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ Tcells before reinfection of two immune chimpanzees resulted in persistent, low-level viremia despite functional intra-hepatic memory CD8+ Tcell responses. Incomplete control of HCV replication by memory CD8+ Tcells in the absence of adequate CD4+ Tcell help was associated with emergence of viral escape mutations in class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted epitopes and failure to resolve HCV infection.     

猪瘟基因疫苗免疫小鼠外周血细胞免疫动态变化研究

应用ＦＡＣＳ、ＭＴＴ法对猪瘟基因疫苗ｐｃＤＳＴ、ｐｃＤＳＷ免疫鼠外围血中ＣＤ４＾＋和ＣＤ８＾＋淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞的转化功能等动态变化进行了观察。结果：ｐｃＤＳＴ、ｐｃＤＳＷ猪瘟基因疫苗免疫小鼠后,小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞对ＬＰＳ有强烈的反应性,ＣＤ４＾＋细胞数量增加,外周血淋巴细胞ＣＤ８＾＋细胞数量在一段时间内增加。ＣＤ４＾＋和ＣＤ８＾＋细胞数量在免疫后３２天达到高峰后开始下降。表明ｐｃＤＳＴ、ｐｃＤＳＷ质粒免疫小鼠后诱发免疫反应。     

NS复合乳酸菌制剂对母猪生产性能和免疫水平的影响

[目的],探讨微生态制剂NS复合乳酸菌对母猪的生产性能和部分免疫指标的影响。[方法]通过在母猪日粮中添加NS复合乳酸菌制剂,研究其对母猪生产性能、血清和初乳中的免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM含量以及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。[结果]在母猪各阶段日粮中添加0.2%NS复合乳酸菌制剂后,哺乳仔猪平均21日龄断奶窝重和平均断奶窝重均显著提高,分娩时和分娩后30 d母猪血清与初乳中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA和IgM含量均显著提高,并且在初乳中的抗体滴度能维持在较高的水平。另外,在母猪日粮中添加0.2%NS复合乳酸菌制剂能显著提高CD3+和CD4+细胞亚群的百分比。[结论]NS复合乳酸菌制剂对提高母猪生产性能、加强机体体液免疫和促进细胞免疫具有良好的效果。     

Kisspeptin-10对无血清培养鸡F1级卵泡颗粒细胞孕酮分泌的影响及机制研究

【目的】研究kisspeptin-10对无血清培养的鸡卵泡颗粒细胞孕酮分泌的作用及可能机制。【方法】选取200日龄处于产蛋高峰期的伊莎蛋鸡,于排卵前剖腹收集F1卵泡,分离纯化颗粒细胞,于含胎牛血清培养基中培养24 h,换成无血清培养基稳定培养24 h后,用不同浓度的Kp-10、U73122、EGTA等单独或共同处理细胞,收集细胞上清,放射免疫学方法检测培养基中孕酮含量。【结果】（1）通过免疫细胞化学方法,显示颗粒细胞上有Kp-10免疫活性样物质的阳性表达;（2）Kp-10处理可显著增加无血清培养的颗粒细胞的活力,100 nmol•L-1时可显著促进孕酮的分泌（P＜0.05）;（3）与对照组相比,2 μmol•L-1 U73122（磷脂酶C抑制剂）对孕酮的分泌无显著影响（P＞0.05）,而0.5、2 μmol•L-1 U73122能显著降低Kp-10对孕酮分泌的促进作用（P＜0.05）;（4）钙离子阻断剂Verapamil（1-100 μmol•L-1 ）呈剂量依赖性降低孕酮的分泌,于100 μmol•L-1时达显著降低水平（P＜0.05）;与1 μmol•L-1 Verapamil单独处理组相比,100 nmol•L-1 Kp-10与1 μmol•L-1 Verapamil同时处理可显著增加孕酮的分泌,而与10、100 μmol•L-1 Verapamil共同处理不能逆转其对孕酮分泌的抑制作用（P＞0.05）,且胞内钙离子含量与上清液中孕酮分泌水平相一致;（5）与100 nmol•L-1 Kp-10处理组相比,1和5 mmol•L-1 EGTA共同处理时孕酮分泌显著降低,当再加入1.5 mmol•L-1 Ca2+时孕酮分泌量显著增加。【结论】Kp-10促进体外培养的鸡卵泡颗粒细胞孕酮的分泌,其机制可能与胞内Ca2+信号通路有关。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫λMzp5-7重组抗原的免疫原性研究

用柔嫩艾美耳球虫子孢子表面蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达的重组抗原,分别于7、14、28日龄三次经肌肉注射菌体蛋白和口服工程活菌免疫海兰小公雏,采用间接ELISA法、流式细胞仪技术检测鸡体产生的免疫应答反应.结果口服工程活菌组的抗体产生水平以及细胞免疫水平均优于其它免疫组.表明λMzp5-7基因的表达产物可诱导鸡体产生一定的免疫反应.     

复方甘草酸单胺可溶性粉对恩诺沙星联合LPS 致鸡肝损伤的免疫调节

【目的】探索恩诺沙星联合脂多糖粗提液（lipopolysaccharide crude extract,LPS）诱导鸡肝损伤中机体免疫功能变化,并研究复方甘草酸单胺粉（compound ammonium glycyrrhizin soluble powder,CAG）护肝及免疫调节作用和机理。【方法】104 羽海蓝蛋鸡随机分为空白组（I）,模型组（II）,CAG预防组（III）、CAG治疗高、低剂量（IV、V）组,除I组外,各组连续3 d灌服恩诺沙星（100 mg•kg-1,1次/天）,于第3次灌药时腹注LPS（4 mL•kg-1）诱发肝损伤,III组建模前3 d以40 mg•L-1混饮CAG,持续至建模结束;IV、V组腹注LPS后分以22.5、7.5 mg•kg-1灌服CAG,2 次/天,重复3 d。建模后6、24、48 h采血并剖检。【结果】与I组相比,II组鸡血清ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平 6、24和48h显著升高,外周血中CD3+、CD4+和CD8+ T细胞百分含量 6和24 h显著降低,48 h显著升高,肝组织病变明显。与II组相比：III组ALT、TNF-α 和IL-6 6 h,AST 6和24 h,CD3+、CD4+ 和CD8+ T细胞48 h降低显著;IV组ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6 24和48 h,IL-1、CD3+、 CD4+ 和CD8+ T细胞 48 h 显著降低,CD3+ T细胞6和24 h,CD4+ T细胞24 h显著升高;V组中CD8+ T细胞在48 h显著降低;其余差异不显著。IV组较其它组肝组织病变有最大改善。【结论】恩诺沙星联合LPS诱发肝损伤同时致炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6释放和CD3+细胞及其亚群CD4+ 和CD8+发生先低于正常水平,后又显著高于正常水平现象,复方甘草酸单胺可能通过抑制以上3种炎性因子释放,双向调节外周血T细胞亚群恢复正常水平而发挥护肝作用,但作用与给药剂量和时机相关。     

The role of B cells for in vivo T cell responses to a Friend virus-induced leukemia

B cells can function as antigen-presenting cells and accessory cells for T cell responses. This study evaluated the role of B cells in the induction of protective T cell immunity to a Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-induced leukemia (FBL). B cell-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced tumor-specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses after priming with FBL or a recombinant vaccinia virus containing F-MuLV antigens. Moreover, these mice had diminished T cell responses to the vaccinia viral antigens. Tumor-primed T cells transferred into B cell-deficient mice effectively eradicated disseminated FBL. Thus, B cells appear necessary for efficient priming but not expression of tumor and viral T cell immunity.     

Treatment of established renal cancer by tumor cells engineered to secrete interleukin-4

The generation of antigen-specific antitumor immunity is the ultimate goal in cancer immunotherapy. When cells from a spontaneously arising murine renal cell tumor were engineered to secrete large doses of interleukin-4 (IL-4) locally, they were rejected in a predominantly T cell-independent manner. However, animals that rejected the IL-4-transfected tumors developed T cell-dependent systemic immunity to the parental tumor. This systemic immunity was tumor-specific and primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells. Established parental tumors could be cured by the systemic immune response generated by injection of the genetically engineered tumors. These results provide a rationale for the use of lymphokine gene-transfected tumor cells as a modality for cancer therapy.     

流式细胞术检测拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎患者T细胞亚群的影响

目的研究拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者细胞免疫功能的影响.方法采用流式细胞术检测50例CHB患者在服用拉米夫定前后外周血T细胞亚群,同时检测45例健康体检者外周血T细胞亚群作为对照.结果CHB患者在使用拉米夫定后,CD4 T细胞百分比较使用前明显升高（P〈0.05）,CD8 T细胞百分比明显下降（P〈0.05）,CD4/CD8明显升高（P〈0.05）.结论拉米夫定可改善CHB患者的细胞免疫功能.     

抗肿瘤DNA疫苗

抗肿瘤DNA疫苗是一种调解免疫功能的基因治疗苗,它包括含有免疫刺激序列的质粒载体,肿瘤特异性抗原和肿瘤相关抗原表位。DC细胞将同时以抗原表位与MHC-I类分子形成复合物和与MHC-II分子形成复合物途径加工,提呈。活化CD4+和CD8+T细胞,同时产生抗肿瘤免疫和治疗作用。