浅谈商品代肉仔鸡的投料

本文就AA肉仔鸡(上市体重2.10～2.20 kg)集约化规模生产中(略去肉仔鸡全价配合饲料的营养配比),不同饲养周龄全价配合饲料(本公司生产的营养配比固定)的最适投量与同行作一探讨.     

氟苯尼考静注及肌注在鸡体内药代动力学研究

健康AA肉鸡 36只 ,随机分成 4组 ,以 15mg/kg和 30mg/kg两种剂量静注、肌注分别给予氟苯尼考。用高压液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度 ,采用 3p97药代动力学程序软件处理药 时数据。静注药 时数据符合二室开放模型 ,主要药代动力学参数 :15mg/kg剂量组Vd(ss) 1 5 7± 0 16L/kg ,T1/2α43 96± 12 2 7min、T1/2 β16 8 18±45 2 4min、CL(s) 0 0 17± 0 0 0 30L/ (kg·min)、AUC886 40± 146 5 3(μg/ml)·min ;30mg/kg剂量组Vd(ss) 1 42±0 2 3L/kg ,T1/2α41 48± 8 6 4min、T1/2 β180 80± 74 97min、CL (s) 0 0 17± 0 0 0 2 9L/ (kg·min)、AUC176 7 15±2 6 8 2 3(μg/ml)·min。肌注药 时数据符合一室开放模型 ,主要药代动力学参数 :15mg/kg剂量组T1/2 (ka) 10 2 5±9 19min、T1/2 (ke) 15 2 41± 73 0 9min、C(max) 3 5 0± 1 13μg/ml、AUC837 88± 16 0 85 (μg/ml)·min、F94 5 3% ;30mg/kg剂量组T1/2 (ka) 11 97± 7 5 9min、T1/2 (ke) 15 2 41± 73 0 9min、C(max) 6 79± 1 38μg/ml、AUC172 5 2 9±35 7 98(μg/ml)·min、F97 6 3%。实验结果表明 :氟苯尼考在鸡体内吸收好 ,分布快 ,消除也快。静注、肌注后曲线下面积AUC与剂量呈比例关系 ,各参数无剂量依赖性。     

肉鸡生产成本收益分析

在对3个肉鸡主产省进行实地调研的基础上,分别对2007年典型肉鸡饲养户的成本和收益进行了分析,并分析了发展资金、家禽保险、投入品价格、宏观经济政策和疫病防控等因素对肉鸡饲养效益可能起到的影响作用.     

肉鸡低血糖—尖峰死亡综合征

低血糖尖峰死亡综合征(HSMS)是一种病原不明的传染病,临诊感染的病例以发病率低,突然出现高死亡率(＞0.5%),且至少持续3d,同时出现低血糖症为特征.主要侵害7～14日龄的肉鸡,但最近报道在大到42日龄的商品代肉鸡中也有本病发生.临诊症状主要为头部轻微震颤,明显失明,运动失调和昏迷.有的病鸡常可自然康复,但呈现佝偻、矮小和气囊炎病变.     

肉鸡和蛋鸡心肌易颤性的比较研究

以常规饲养的肉鸡和蛋鸡作为试验动物,通过电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈的测定以及进行冷加压试验,对同体重肉鸡和蛋鸡的心肌易颤性进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)同体重肉鸡和蛋鸡相比,电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈肉鸡均极显著低于蛋鸡(P<0.01);(2)在电刺激诱发室颤的过程中,开胸时室颤的发生率肉鸡(14%)显著高于蛋鸡(0%)(P<0.05);(3)冷加压试验:冷加压5min内,心率和PT波宽出现了显著的变化,而且变化幅度肉鸡均明显大于蛋鸡。上述试验结果从不同方面均表明肉鸡心肌易颤性高于蛋鸡。     

正确使用肉仔鸡颗粒配合饲料

随着遗传育种的进展,肉仔鸡的生长速度越来越快,AA+最新手册49日龄肉仔鸡公母混养平均体重可达3 234 g.通过广泛地研究和实际生产实践证明,应用颗粒料或颗粒破碎料可显著提高肉仔鸡的生产性能.     

肉鸡球虫病防控中的问题与原因分析

随着温度升高,又到了球虫的高发季节。球虫的预防和治疗又成了肉鸡养殖过程中的一个重要问题。经过专家们多年的研究,肉鸡球虫病在病原特性、流行特点、致病机理、防治药物方面等都已有了大量的资料     

盐酸沙拉沙星在肉鸡组织中的残留

建立了肉鸡组织中盐酸沙拉少星的HPLC测定方法，并测定了肉鸡单次内服（每1kg体重10mg)和连续5d混饮（每1L饮水50mg）给药后组织中的沙拉沙星残留特征。组织样品用乙腈-氨水匀浆，离心后取上清液用正已烷-乙醚除脂，水相用磷酸酸化后作HPLC检测。色谱柱为Hypersil C18柱，此外检测波长280nm。流动相为乙腈-2%西丁基溴化铵（体积比10：90），用磷酸调pH值至2.5。肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中沙拉沙星的检测限为0.05μg/g，组织样品回收率均大于90%。鸡单次内服盐酸沙拉沙星后，24h内各组织中均可检出药物，48h后肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中药物残留量均低于0.05μg/g；混饮停药后，6h内肝脏、肾脏中可检出残留药物，12h后3种组织中残留量均低于0.05μg/g。结果表明，盐酸沙拉沙星的肉鸡组织中消除迅速，连续治疗剂量用药后组织中无药物蓄积。     

Midday and Nighttime Cooling of Broiler Chickens

Hot weather along with high stocking densities can lead to high mortality and decreased performance of broilers, especially during the last week of rearing. Two trials were conducted to test the hypotheses that reduced nighttime and midday temperatures improve broiler live performance and reduce mortality under warm cyclic temperature conditions. In each trial, groups of 306 male broilers were placed in each of 6 environmentally controlled chambers. The warm temperature treatments were control, nighttime cooling, and midday cooling (4 replicates). In the control treatment, diurnal temperatures ranged between 15 and 25°C on d 29 and progressively increased to between 20 and 35°C on d 42. In trial 2, 2 additional chambers housed broilers under thermoneutral conditions. No differences in feed consumption were found within or between trials due to the temperature treatments. The cooling treatments did not improve BW, weight gain, feed conversion, or livability. The birds housed under thermoneutral conditions did not have improved BW. These results suggest that broilers subjected to regular warm cyclic temperature fluctuations for 2 wk prior to shipping are able to acclimatize with no negative impact on BW. Effective environmental temperatures predicted from broiler surface thermal resistance and thermal mass were within 5°C among the treatments.     

Welfare Auditing and Certification for Broiler Chickens

The chicken broiler industry has moved deliberately in developing guidelines and audit procedures for best animal welfare practices. The National Chicken Council (NCC) and its member companies, with the assistance of numerous organizations and academic professionals, have made tremendous progress in identifying welfare issues in broilers, defining these in the guidelines, and taking steps to ensure compliance by a proper audit process and documentation. Even though the many entities involved in the welfare process might have been confusing initially, individual companies and customers now have choices to make in the audit process that, if wisely done, will document humane practices or the need for changes to improve them.Now, NCC and its member companies are looking forward to an orderly and professional welfare and audit process. They are encouraging adequate training for auditors and the use of audit guidelines that are based on a respectable knowledge of the science and industry practices. NCC companies are interested in and will support audits and auditors who are qualified for the job at hand, even though such auditors may arrive by a number of different routes. Regardless of any initial confusion within this process, broiler companies will go to almost any lengths to satisfy reasonable needs and demands of their customers, knowing that the ultimate implementation of the welfare process depends on what the customer needs. Also, we realize that the final consumer eventually pays for any added service or feature, and it is in the interest of everyone along this product-process chain to keep animal welfare demands reasonable, affordable, and based on what has been proven to be most humane in both science and practice.     

Incidence of Salmonella Contamination in Broiler Chickens in Saskatchewan

The incidence of Salmonella contamination in ten Saskatchewan broiler flocks varying in size from 6 200 to 14 000 was investigated from February, 1977 to April, 1979. Prior to the initial chick placement, brooding equipment, feed, water and fresh litter samples were found to be free of Salmonellae. Samples obtained from the clean and disinfected processing plant equipment before the commencement of daily operation were negative except the isolation for Salmonella anatum from the fingers of the defeathering machine in flock 4. There was no evidence of Salmonella contamination in flocks 5, 6, 8 and 10. The incidence of Salmonella was lower when cloacal swabs were taken from day old chicks fasted for 48 hours than for the same groups of chicks when carcasses were blended in nutrient broth (flocks 7 and 9). The blending of such chicks appears to be a more critical test. The serotypes isolated from eviscerated birds were the same as those isolated from used litter samples. Salmonella saintpaul was isolated from a water sample at 53 days in flock 1 and the same serotype was recovered from the intestinal contents and skin of eviscerated birds. Salmonella typhimurium was recovered from the eviscerated birds and neck samples in flock 3. In flock 4, S. saintpaul and S. anatum were isolated from 13% of the eviscerated birds sampled. Salmonella thompson, Salmonella agona and Salmonella heidelberg were recovered from 61%, 5% and 1%, respectively, of the processed carcasses sampled in flock 7.     

扎鲁司特对低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压的影响

将60只雄性艾维茵商品代肉鸡常规育雏，17日龄随机分为3组：常温对照组(常温组)、低温模型组(低温组)和低温扎鲁司特组(扎鲁司特组)。各组于处理后14d(31日龄)和21d(38日龄)分别用右心导管法及直接导管法测定扎鲁司特对肺动脉压(PAP)和股动脉压(FAP)的影响，同时测定红细胞压积(PCV)和腹水心脏指数(AHI)。结果：(1)在低温环境的早期，扎鲁司特使肉鸡肺动脉收缩压和舒张压均升高，后期仅使舒张压升高；(2)扎鲁司特使PCV升高，增加了血液黏性阻力；(3)扎鲁司特使AHI升高，促进右心肥大；(4)扎鲁司特对股动脉压无显著性影响。可见扎鲁司特促进了肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的发生发展。     

Dermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Broiler Chickens In Saskatchewan

A low but widespread incidence of a dermal squamous cell carcinoma is reported in broiler chickens in Saskatchewan. The tumor appears as an irregular ulcer in the skin and is widely distributed over the body of affected birds.     

肉仔鸡锰营养需要量研究进展

本文综述了肉仔鸡锰(Mn)营养需要量的研究进展。其内容包括:主要研究方法、研究结果、影响因素和存在问题及展望。     

An Epidemic of Salmonella Infantis Infection in Finnish Broiler Chickens in 1975–76

A large S. infantis infection epidemic in broiler chickens was studied during a period of one year. The outbreak affected three broiler producing companies in Finland. The infection spread to breeding farms according to available data during the summer of 1975. The epidemic still prevailed at the end of the studies on the farms of certain companies.The origin of the infection and the means of its spreading could not be ascertained. Some epidemiological evidence suggesting that a hatchery might have spread the infection was found. Contaminated feed may also have been involved, although the findings do not support feed as the principal vehicle in the epidemic. A complex pattern of transmission is most probable.A microbiological preventive method based on the feeding of a culture of intestinal flora of adult chickens to newly hatched broiler chickens was used on many farms in the study. The feeding of the culture lowered the proportion of infected flocks on the farms and significantly lowered the number of infected birds in those flocks, where the prevention was not complete. kw|Keywords|k]Salmonella infantis; k]infection; k]epidemic; k]broiler chicken     

肉仔鸡双氯芬酸钠中毒的诊治

双氯芬酸钠,又名双氯灭痛,是第三代强效非甾体解热镇痛药物,其作用较扑热息痛、阿司匹林强大,在人药中广泛使用。近些年来,某些兽医或兽药厂也将该药用于禽病的防治。笔者于2006年2月在山东某地诊治了3例肉仔鸡双氯芬酸钠中毒的病例,现报告如下,以引起兽医工作者和养鸡户注意。     

喹烯酮预混剂对肉鸡的增重试验

研究了喹烯酮预混剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响。选用150羽7日龄肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组3个重复。对照空白组饲喂基础日粮,喹乙醇对照组饲喂添加75×10^4的喹乙醇预混剂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加75×10^4的喹烯酮预混剂基础日粮,试验期35d。结果：实验组肉鸡的末期平均体重、净增重和日增重均高于空白对照组和喹乙醇组,差异显著（P〈0.05）,试验组的平均采食量均高于两对照组（P〉0.05）。试验组的饲料转化率较空白对照组提高了3．69％（P〈0．05）,比喹乙醇组高1．5％（P〉0.05）。结果表明在较高的营养水平条件下喹烯酮对肉鸡有良好的的促生长作用。