Vaccination with a synthetic zona pellucida peptide produces long-term contraception in female mice

The zona pellucida surrounding mouse oocytes is an extracellular matrix composed of three sulfated glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. It has been demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to ZP3 injected into female mice inhibits fertilization by binding to the zona pellucida and blocking sperm penetration. A complementary DNA encoding ZP3 was randomly cleaved and 200- to 1000-base pair fragments were cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11. This epitope library was screened with the aforementioned contraceptive antibody, and the positive clones were used to map the seven-amino acid epitope recognized by the antibody. Female mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide containing this B cell epitope coupled to a carrier protein to provide helper T cell epitopes. The resultant circulating antibodies to ZP3 bound to the zona pellucida of immunized animals and produced long-lasting contraception. The lack of ovarian histopathology or cellular cytotoxicity among the immunized animals may be because of the absence of zona pellucida T cell epitopes in this vaccine.     

黄金鲈鱼的一种ZP基因的电子克隆与鉴定分析

[目的]克隆分析黄金鲈鱼的一种邪基因。[方法]利用生物信息学手段克隆了黄金鲈鱼的一种ZP基因的全长CDNA序列,并对其序列进行了分析。[结果]该cDNA序列包含1653bp的开放阅读框,编码550个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析和进化分析表明,黄金鲈鱼的ZP蛋白与丰滑舌鳎ZP3b和青鳝ZPC5具有较高的同源性。[结论]所获得的黄金鲈鱼的ZP基因属于ZP3类型。     

柑橘大实蝇气味结合蛋白BminOBP6与其气味配体的互作机制

【目的】通过构建柑橘大实蝇(Bactrocera minax)BminOBP6的C末端截短突变体(TOBP6),比较野生型BminOBP6和突变体TOBP6对气味配体的结合能力,检测在不同pH条件下二者对气味配体结合能力的差异,为揭示BminOBP6与配体的互作机制提供参考。【方法】通过在线工具SWISS MODEL对BminOBP6进行同源建模,根据构建的3D模型确定将被切除的BminOBP6第6个α螺旋(α6)之后的C末端序列;设计特异性引物扩增BminOBP6的C末端截短突变体(TOBP6)的编码序列,即TOBP6;构建重组表达载体pET32a/TOBP6,将此重组载体与实验室保存的重组载体pET32a/BminOBP6分别转入原核细胞BL21(DE3)中,异源表达野生型BminOBP6及其突变体TOBP6;以1-NPN为荧光探针进行荧光竞争结合试验,检测BminOBP6和TOBP6在两种pH环境(pH 7.4和pH 5.0)下对1-十一醇和(+)-柠檬烯的结合能力。【结果】序列比对结果显示,BminOBP6与致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)CquiOBP...     

牛ME1基因cDNA编码序列的克隆与分析

在NCBI中GenBank里查询已登录的牛的ME1 mRNA序列(GenBank Accession:XM-613987),发现其1-69 bp序列与已知的人、猪和小鼠的ME1基因mRNA序列没有任何相似性,因此,认为这段序列有误。研究利用人的ME1基因mRNA序列作为电子探针共找到44段牛的相关ESTs序列,然后利用此ESTs重叠群拼接成的序列设计了三对引物。提取牛的肝脏和肌肉总RNA,从中克隆测序得到M1为525 bp、M2为1039 bp和M3为1171bp的三段序列,拼接成长度为2015 bp的序列。此段序列与前述ESTs重叠群一致序列完全相同,并与人、猪和小鼠的ME1基因mRNA序列相似性分别达89%、85%和84%,从而证实了本序列的正确性。本序列已在NCBI登录(GenBank Accession:FJ495084)。研究为进一步研究牛的ME1基因结构提供了真实的序列信息。     

谷子NBS类型抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

以谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)抗锈病植株十里香和感锈病植株豫谷1号为材料,利用抗病基因同源序列(RGA)技术克隆谷子核苷酸结合位点(NBS)类型RGA并进行分析.共获得了3个RGA,分别命名为RUS1-1、RUS1-2、RUS1-3(Resistance against Uromyces setariae-italicae,RUS),它们编码的蛋白质均含有NBS类型抗病基因编码蛋白的共有特征结构域P-loop和Kinase2α.BLASTX分析结果表明,3个RGA的编码蛋白与水稻中含有NB-ARC信号传导结构域的蛋白质、NBS-LRR类型抗病基因等的编码蛋白同源性为47％～66％.聚类分析结果表明,3个RGA属于NBS-LRR类型抗病基因,且与番茄NBS-LRR类型抗病基因12聚为一类.     

Helicobacter pylori SabA adhesin in persistent infection and chronic inflammation

Helicobacter pylori adherence in the human gastric mucosa involves specific bacterial adhesins and cognate host receptors. Here, we identify sialyl-dimeric-Lewis x glycosphingolipid as a receptor for H. pylori and show that H. pylori infection induced formation of sialyl-Lewis x antigens in gastric epithelium in humans and in a Rhesus monkey. The corresponding sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) was isolated with the "retagging" method, and the underlying sabA gene (JHP662/HP0725) was identified. The ability of many H. pylori strains to adhere to sialylated glycoconjugates expressed during chronic inflammation might thus contribute to virulence and the extraordinary chronicity of H. pylori infection.     

Crystal structure of human toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ectodomain

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in activating immune responses during infection. The human TLR3 ectodomain structure at 2.1 angstroms reveals a large horseshoe-shaped solenoid assembled from 23 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Asparagines conserved in the 24-residue LRR motif contribute extensive hydrogen-bonding networks for solenoid stabilization. TLR3 is largely masked by carbohydrate, but one face is glycosylation-free, which suggests its potential role in ligand binding and oligomerization. Highly conserved surface residues and a TLR3-specific LRR insertion form a homodimer interface in the crystal, whereas two patches of positively charged residues and a second insertion would provide an appropriate binding site for double-stranded RNA.     

A chimeric, ligand-binding v-erbB/EGF receptor retains transforming potential

Comparison of amino acid sequences from human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and avian erythroblastosis virus erbB oncogene product suggests that v-erbB represents a truncated avian EGF receptor gene product. Although both proteins are transmembrane tyrosine kinases, the v-erbB protein lacks most of the extracellular ligand-binding domain and a 32-amino acid cytoplasmic sequence present in the human EGF receptor. To test the validity of the proposed origin of v-erbB and to investigate the functional significance of the deleted extracellular sequences, a chimeric gene encoding the extracellular and the transmembrane domain of the human EGF receptor joined to sequences coding for the cytoplasmic domain of the avian erbB oncogene product was constructed. When expressed in Rat1 fibroblasts, this reconstituted gene product (HER-erbB) was transported to the cell surface and bound EGF. Its autophosphorylation activity was stimulated by interaction with the ligand. Expression of the HER-erbB chimera led to anchorage-independent cell growth in soft agar and EGF-induced focus formation in Rat1 monolayers. Thus, it appears that v-erbB protein sequences in the chimeric receptor retain their transforming activity under the influence of the human extracellular EGF-binding domain.     

家蚕eIF2α全长cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

【目的】克隆家蚕eIF2α全长cDNA,分析家蚕抗BmDNV-Z品系、感性品系eIF2α的点突变。【方法】利用荧光差异显示技术,在易感浓核病毒中国镇江株(BmDNV-Z)的家蚕品系华八中获得感性特异条带G13-1b650,通过电子延伸,设计特异引物验证。【结果】克隆了家蚕eIF2α（BmeIF2α）全长cDNA。其全长为1 100 bp（GenBank登录号：DQ073458）,ORF框为999 bp,编码332个氨基酸。BmeIF2α蛋白与草地贪夜蛾eIF2α蛋白同源性高达94.3%。具有保守的磷酸化位点S（51）R（52）R（52）R（54）R（56）K（60）R（63）。BmeIF2α有推定的3个蛋白激酶C磷酸化、5个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化、9个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化、3个依赖cAMP与cGMP蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,2个酪氨酸硫酸盐化位点,1个糖基化位点。【结论】家蚕易感品系的eIF2α在113～127位的"H V A E L L H Y E T S E Q S E"为酪氨酸硫酸盐化位点,而完全抗性品系eIF2α发生C378→T突变,导致Ser126→Leu,缺少了113～127位的酪氨酸硫酸盐化位点。     

Direct interaction of a ligand for the erbB2 oncogene product with the EGF receptor and p185erbB2

The erbB2 oncogene encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane protein whose sequence is similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A 30-kilodalton factor (gp30) secreted from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was shown to be a ligand for p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) but only partially blocked that produced by gp30 in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. In two cell lines that overexpress erbB2 but do not expresss EGFR (MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that had been transfected with erbB2), phosphorylation of p185erbB2 was induced only by gp30. The gp30 specifically inhibited the growth of cells that overexpressed p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR had no effect on the inhibition of SK-BR-3 cell colony formation obtained with gp30. Thus, it appeared that gp30 interacted directly with the EGFR and erbB2. Direct binding of gp30 to p185erbB2 was confirmed by binding competition experiments, where gp30 was found to displace the p185erbB2 binding of a specific antibody to p185erbB2. The evidence described here suggests that gp30 is a ligand for p185erbB2.     

一个重要的精子受体—猪透明带糖蛋白β-D-半乳糖残基

 【目的】证明末端半乳糖残基在猪透明带糖蛋白中的分布以及它在精子结合和侵入中的作用。【方法】体外成熟的猪卵母细胞去除周围卵丘细胞，用异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate，FITC) 络合西非单叶豆凝集素(Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin-I，BS-I) 或蓖麻凝集素(Ricinus communis agglutinin，RCA-I)处理30min，分别观察末端-D-半乳糖残基或-D-半乳糖残基在透明带中的定位分布。荧光显微镜观察显示，BS-I和RCA-I都标记于整个透明带上且比较集中于透明带的外层，其中BS-I显示微弱荧光反应，而RCA-I呈强荧光反应且在透明带的外层反应尤为强烈。植物凝集素处理的卵母细胞用于体外受精，分别在受精2h或12h观察精-卵结合和精子入卵情况。【结果】RCA-I处理组卵母细胞平均精子结合数显著低于对照组（18 vs 95），而精子入卵则完全被阻断；可是BS-I处理组的卵母细胞的精子结合数少量被抑制（59 vs 95），而且精子入卵率与对照组无显著差异。【结论】猪透明带末端-D-半乳糖残基作为精子受体的重要组成成分，参与精-卵结合和受精。     

Antibody domain exchange is an immunological solution to carbohydrate cluster recognition

Human antibody 2G12 neutralizes a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates by binding an unusually dense cluster of carbohydrate moieties on the "silent" face of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein. Crystal structures of Fab 2G12 and its complexes with the disaccharide Manalpha1-2Man and with the oligosaccharide Man9GlcNAc2 revealed that two Fabs assemble into an interlocked VH domain-swapped dimer. Further biochemical, biophysical, and mutagenesis data strongly support a Fab-dimerized antibody as the prevalent form that recognizes gp120. The extraordinary configuration of this antibody provides an extended surface, with newly described binding sites, for multivalent interaction with a conserved cluster of oligomannose type sugars on the surface of gp120. The unique interdigitation of Fab domains within an antibody uncovers a previously unappreciated mechanism for high-affinity recognition of carbohydrate or other repeating epitopes on cell or microbial surfaces.     

HTLV x-gene product: requirement for the env methionine initiation codon

The human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV) are replication-competent retroviruses whose genomes contain gag, pol, and env genes as well as a fourth gene, termed x, which is believed to be the transforming gene of HTLV. The product of the x gene is now shown to be encoded by a 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA derived by splicing of at least two introns. By means of S1 nuclease mapping of this RNA and nucleic acid sequence analysis of a complementary DNA clone, the complete primary structure of the x-gene product has been determined. It is encoded by sequences containing the env initiation codon and one nucleotide of the next codon spliced to the major open reading frame of the HTLV-I and HTLV-II x gene.     

人源类金属硫蛋白能促进番茄幼苗对锌的积累

金属硫蛋白具有抗辐射、抗氧化和对重金属解毒等功能,对Zn~(2+)具有很强的结合能力,在医药、农业、环境和保健等诸多领域有潜在的应用价值.将花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子控制的人源类金属硫蛋白基因HsMT1L导入番茄基因组,结果显示,转基因番茄幼苗比野生型材料对Zn~(2+)具有更强的耐受性,并能够富集更多的Zn~(2+)离子.     

草兔卵透明带蛋白2的克隆与原核表达

哺乳动物卵透明带蛋白具有极强抗原性,产生的抗卵透明带蛋白抗体可以有效阻碍精卵结合。为了探究草兔卵透明带2 (zona pellucida 2,ZP2)蛋白抗原性,以及定位抗原表位。根据GenBank上欧洲兔的卵透明带2基因序列,设计5′端磷酸化的反转录引物用于合成特异cDNA作为模板,通过普通PCR扩增草兔ZP2基因。测序获得的2 184 bp序列比对成功后,预测其信号肽和跨膜区域分别位于ZP2^35-56和ZP2^698-717。将克隆获得954 bp的hZP2基因连入pET-28a(+)的EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点之间,成功构建了重组原核表达载体pET-28a-hZP2后转化大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,E.coli）BL21。重组的E.coli BL21经诱导后表达41.17 kD可溶性的hZP2融合蛋白,经优化诱导表达体系后,确定较好的诱导条件是37℃下 0.7 mmol·L^-1 IPTG诱导15 h。经Western blot鉴定,结果表明相对于表达ZP2大片段基因,hZP2融合蛋白表达量明显提高。     

两种株型大麦籽粒灌浆特性比较

以竖叶型大麦品种驻啤3号和披叶型大麦品种豫啤1号为试验材料,从籽粒灌浆、蛋白组分和淀粉含量的积累动态变化分析了两种株型大麦籽粒干物质积累之间的差异,结果表明:豫啤1号籽粒灌浆相对较快,在花后20~35 d灌浆速率较高,而驻啤3号籽粒灌浆过程较为平稳;两者之间蛋白组分和淀粉的积累趋势基本一致,豫啤1号籽粒蛋白质含量高于驻啤3号;驻啤3号单株穗重和粒重显著高于豫啤1号,产量较高。     

果蔗Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子RT基因的多样性分析

【目的】分析Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子反转录酶基因（RT）序列特征、多样性、系统进化关系及转录活性，为深入研究果蔗Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子全长序列、转录转座活性及生物学功能提供理论参考。【方法】以果蔗品种拔地拉为试材，根据Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子RT基因保守区设计简并引物对，利用其进行PCR扩增，将目的条带回收纯化后连接至pMD18-T载体，并转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞，挑取阳性克隆进行测序。依据测序结果对RT基因序列进行生物信息学分析。【结果】从果蔗拔地拉中扩增获得51条序列（SoRT4-1~SoRT4-51），去除重复序列和非RT基因序列后共获得44条RT基因序列，长度为423~433 bp，AT含量为56.84%~64.97%，AT:GC比值为1.32~1.85，核苷酸序列间相似性为44.4%~99.3%，其编码的氨基酸序列间相似性为10.8%~100.0%，说明氨基酸序列比核苷酸序列表现出更高异质性。44条RT基因序列被划分为4个家族，其中Ⅰ和Ⅲ为主要家族。44条RT基因编码的氨基酸序列中有20条发生了无义突变，说明其突变率较高。44条RT基因编码蛋白序列存在5种保守基序，其中，有29条序列同时包含Motif 1~Motif 4，其余15条序列的保守基序变异较大，说明保守基序存在一定异质性。4个家族代表性序列编码蛋白的三级结构在氢键和转角的数量方面差异较大；系统发育进化树分析结果显示，44条RT基因序列被分为七大类，Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类中的果蔗RT基因序列分别占序列总数的40.91%和27.27%，Ⅱ类和Ⅵ类中的部分果蔗RT基因序列与拟南芥的BAB40828.1、粳稻的BAB40824.1、菠菜的BAB40833.1和大豆的BAB40834.1亲缘关系较近，推测这些物种在进化过程中发生了Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子的横向传递。初步发现1条Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子（SoRT4-40）具有转录活性。【结论】获得44条果蔗Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子RT基因序列，其中仅有1条序列具有转录活性，这些RT基因序列可用于开发基于Ty3-gypsy类反转录转座子的甘蔗分子标记。     

Purification and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity of a Sporamin B from Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas Lam. 55-2）

Sporamin is a soluble protein in sweet potato, and falls into two distinct homology groups, subfamilies A and B. In this research, a sporamin B was purified and its amino acid sequences, trypsin inhibitor activity （Ti activity） were analyzed. This sporamin B was isolated from sweet potato tubers [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam cv. 55-2] through extraction of the water-soluble fraction, dialysis, ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography. Homology determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that mainly one bond appeared in gel after being reduced by SDS （sodium dodecyl sulfate）, or by SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, or in native situation. By comparing the data of the polypeptide mass Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight （MALDI-TOF） mass spectrometry with those of the mass of the theoretical amino acid sequences from NCBI protein database, it was revealed that it was Q40091｜Q40091_IPOBA, sweet potato sporamin B - Ipomoea Batatas （sweet potato） （Batate）. The sequence coverage was 70.6%. N-terminal sequence was SETPV （Ser-Glu-Thr-Pro-Val）. There is a linear relationship between trypsin inhibitor activity （Ti activity） and amounts of this sporamin B （3-18 μg mL-1）. The equation of linear regression was y = 2.5809x ＋ 17.049 （r2 = 0.9966）. There was a curvilinear relationship between Ti activity and amounts of this sporamin B （21-150 μg mL-1）. The equation of curvilinear regression is y = 14.417ln（x） ＋ 23.26 （r2 = 0.9924）. The concentration of sporamin B with Ti activity after heating at 40°C may induce part denature of this sporamin B, and there was no statistic difference after heating at 40, 50, 60°C for 20 min. Heat treatment at more than 90°C leads to a dramatic decrease of trypsin inhibitor efficiency. The results suggested that Q40091｜Q40091_IPOBA was the major sporamin B in sweet potato tubers [Ipomoea Batatas （L.） Lam cv. 55-2], which had strong Ti activity, and was stable to both thermal and DTT （DL-dithiothreitol） relatively.     

几株共同发酵水产下脚料菌株的筛选及鉴定

目前水产下脚料不能得到合理利用,被大量废弃。本研究筛选几株能高效发酵水产下脚料的菌株,分解下脚料产生游离态氮、磷、钾等植物所需营养素。从市售微生物肥料、土壤、腐败鱼体中的微生物分离出44株菌,分别进行单一发酵水产下脚料实验、解磷解钾固氮实验、协同拮抗实验以确定能较好共同发酵水产下脚料的菌株;并通过建立聚类树,结合菌株形态学、生理生化特点,推断菌株的生物属性。最终筛选得到的4株菌分别为,GP2食酸菌、GS4假单胞菌、ZP1黑曲霉和ZP3酵母菌。筛选确定的4株菌,具有较好的发酵水产下脚料产生氮、磷、钾等植物所需营养素的能力,且4株菌作用的发酵液中氮、磷、有机质含量均超过国家微生物肥料标准,这4株菌可以用于水产下脚料发酵。