国内外商品化猪圆环病毒2型疫苗分类及特点

介绍了11种商品化猪圆环病毒2型疫苗的种类、毒株组成、病毒含量及生产厂家,为了解该疫苗的商品化情况提供参考。     

The presence of co-infections in pigs with clinical signs of PMWS in The Netherlands: a case-control study

In this study, 60 pigs with clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) from 20 different pig herds and 180 control pigs (without clinical signs of PMWS) were examined to get more insights into the frequencies of porcine circovirus 2 infections and the presence of co-infections in pigs with and without clinical signs of PMWS in the Netherlands. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected in 100% of the pigs with clinical signs of PMWS by virus isolation and/or PCR and in 50% of the pigs from PMWS-free herds. There was an association between the levels of infectious PCV2 and/or PCV2 DNA load and the severity of clinical signs as described for PMWS. A high variation in PCV2 antibody titres was found in the clinically affected pigs, and 27% of these pigs did not mount PCV2 antibody titres higher than 1:200. A concurrent infection of PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was found in at least 83% of the pigs with clinical signs of PMWS and in 35% of the pigs from PMWS-free herds. Co-infections of European- and American-type PRRSV were detected only in PMWS herds and in one control herd with a history of PMWS clinical signs.     

Immunogenicity of Empty Capsids of Porcine Circovius Type 2 Produced in Insect Cells

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a single-stranded DNA virus, is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). ORF2 protein (capsid) of PCV2 was recently demonstrated to be a major immunogenable to induce protection in pigs with a prime–boost protocol. In this study, the ORF2 gene of PCV2 was expressed in insect cells. The product self-assembled into particles that were structurally and antigenically indistinguishable from regular PCV2 capsids. To evaluated the immunogenicity of these virus-like particles, PCV2-free piglets were vaccinated with the crude lysate from recombinant baculovirus (Ac.ORF2)-infected insect cells, at doses of 0.1 ml (10⁶ cells), 0.5 ml (5 × 10⁶ cells) or 1.0 ml (10⁷ cells). The immune response was monitored by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PCV2 antibody and lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ELISA results indicated that primary immune response was elicited with 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml of crude lysate from Ac.ORF2. After boost immunization, relatively higher levels of PCV2 antibody were elicited in 0.5-ml or 1.0-ml vaccinated groups, compared to the 0.1-ml group. In addition, higher PCV2 specific lymphocyte proliferation response was developed in piglets vaccinated with 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml of crude lysate, especially in those vaccinated with with 1.0 ml of crude lysate. Thus, the expressed ORF2 protein has significant potential as a subunit vaccine against PCV2 infection.     

猪圆环病毒的研究进展

猪圆环病毒(PCV)分为两个血清型PCV1和PCV2。目前认为PCV2是断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征(PMWS)的主要病因,另外,还与猪的多种疾病有关,PCV已经成为目前危害养猪业的主要病毒之一。本文对PCV的特性、流行特征、致病机理、诊断方法以及防治措施作了较全面的综述。     

Efficacy of single dose of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) whole-virus vaccine with oil adjuvant in piglets

Background

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) associated with PCV2 is one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. The development of effective vaccines against PCV2 infection has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of PMWS.

Methods

In the present study, a PK-15 cell-adapted formalin-inactivated prototype vaccine candidate was prepared using a strain of PCV2 from China. Inactivation of the virus was accomplished using a standard formalin inactivation protocol. The protective properties of the inactivated PCV2 vaccine were evaluated in piglets. Ten 28-day-old pigs were randomly assigned to two groups, each with five. Group 1 was vaccinated intramuscularly with the inactivated virus preparation; Group 2 received sterile PBS as a placebo. By 28 days post-vaccination (DPV), Groups 1 and 2 were challenged intranasally and intramuscularly with 5 × 10⁷ TCID₅₀ of a virulent PCV2 isolate.

Results

The vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 and had high levels of serum antibodies to PCV2 at 28 days after vaccination, whereas the control pigs remained seronegative. No significant signs of clinical disease were recorded following the challenge with PCV2, but moderate amounts of PCV2 antigen were detected in most lymphoid organs of the control pigs. PCV2 was detected in two out of the five vaccinated pigs. Furthermore, pathological lesions and viremia were milder in the vaccinated group.

Conclusions

The obtained results indicate that the inactivated PCV2 virus vaccine with an oil adjuvant induce an immunological response in pigs that appears to provide protection from infection with PCV2. The vaccine, therefore, may have the potential to serve as a vaccine aimed to protect pigs from developing PMWS.     

ORF9基因缺失突变PCV2的构建与部分生物学特性

设计1对针对猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）全基因组的特异性引物,从疑似断乳仔猪多系统衰竭综合征（PMWS）的病料中经PCR直接扩增出PCV2全基因组,再与载体pMD18-T Simple连接后构建重组质粒pMD18-T Simple-PCV2（命名为P-S-PCV2）。用ORF9特异的限制性内切酶Bpu10Ⅰ对P-S-PCV2进行酶切、补平连接反应,构建了ORF9基因缺失突变的重组质粒（命名为P-S-PCV2-J）。用SacⅡ对基因缺失突变的重组质粒进行酶切,获得的线性化基因突变PCV2基因组在体外进行自身环化,形成了相应缺失基因DNA（命名为PCV2-J）。用PCV2-J缺失突变株进行细胞转染、动物致病性和免疫原性、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化等部分生物学特性的研究。结果显示：PCV2-J转染IBRS-2细胞后,电镜观察可见病毒颗粒,PCR-RFLP检测有突变株生长;PCV2-J接种仔猪后无临床典型大体病变,PCR-RFLP检测淋巴结中有PCV2-J突变病毒的感染;PCV2-J免疫仔猪后的抗体水平在第2周开始上升,与对照组相比差异显著,CD3＋下降,与对照组无差异,CD4＋下降,第1周与对照组差异显著,CD8＋与对照组差异不显著。结果表明,ORF9基因缺失突变的PCV2仍具有复制感染能力,但免疫原性减弱。     

断乳仔猪多系统衰竭综合征病原检测与分析

应用PCR技术,结合,临床观察、病理解剖对福建省不同地区断乳多系统衰竭综合征（PMws）发病猪群采集的病料进行多重病原检测与分离。结果表明50份病料中猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）阳性率分别为40％、26％、4％、0,不同地区各病原检出率差别不大。病毒性混合感染以PCV2和PRRSV为主,感染率为22％;PCV2与CFSV混合感染率为4％;PRRSV与CFSV混合感染率为4％;PCV2、CFSV、PRRSV三种病原混合感染率为4％。研究结果表明福建大部分地区猪群PMWS的发生是PCV2、PRRSV、CSFV等多种病原混合感染的结果,其主要病原为PCV2,该病的发生没有明显地域性。     

Comparative analyses of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses upon vaccination with different commercially available single-dose porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines

The objective of this study was to compare the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by four commercially available single-dose porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) vaccines. A total of 50 3-week-old piglets were assigned to five groups (10 pigs per group). Four commercial PCV-2 vaccines were administered according to the manufacturer's instructions and the piglets were observed for 154 days post vaccination (dpv). Inactivated chimeric PCV-1-2 vaccines induced higher levels of PCV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NA) and interferon-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) in pigs than did the other three commercial PCV-2 vaccines. The proportions of CD4⁺ cells were significantly higher in animals vaccinated with inactivated chimeric PCV-1-2 and PCV-2 vaccines than in animals vaccinated with the two subunit vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of humoral and cell-mediated immunity induced by four commercial single-dose PCV-2 vaccines under the same conditions. The results of this study demonstrated quantitative differences in the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity following vaccination.     

Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in Republic of Korea

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the ORF2 capsid protein gene fragment showed that field isolate in Republic of Korea (ROK), PCV2 YJK 0703, was closely related with the PCV2 Fh18 isolate. PCV2 YJK 0703 was genetically distinct and not related to previously reported ROK isolates. Therefore, genotypic variation exists among prevailing PCV2 in ROK. This result suggests that several PCV2 genotypes exist in Korean pig farms.     

猪圆环病毒研究进展

猪圆环病毒（Porcine circovirus,PCV)是断奶猪多系统衰竭综合征（Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)的病原。本文对其流行病学、理化特性、致病机理、诊断方法及分子生物学作了较为全面的综述。     

猪圆环病毒引发的断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征致病机理

断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征于1997年首次在加拿大西部发现,随后许多国家报道了本病的存在和发生,相继证实该病是由圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)猪圆环病毒2型(Porcinecircovirus 2,PCV-2)引起的。PMWS典型特征是全身性淋巴肿大。病毒感染后引发机体免疫抑制,可继发多种病原混合感染。经证实,PCV2感染对胸腺淋巴细胞的损伤在PMWS致病机理中发挥主导作用,巨噬细胞和树突状细胞浆内PCV-2检出率较高,但至今还不清楚哪些细胞亚群最先被PCV-2感染并提供了病毒复制的场所。PCV-2与细小病毒一样,需要依赖细胞生长S周期合成的聚合酶复制。许多研究者试图通过加强抗原刺激以提高进入S周期细胞数,却很难提高病毒在细胞培养中的增殖量。文章着重阐述PCV-2感染引发PMWS的致病机理以及未来需要开拓的研究方向。     

断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV—2)是引起断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征的病原,这种新的疾病严重影响猪的生长发育。近几年来,该病呈不断蔓延趋势,已给世界养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。本文就该病的病原及发病因素、临床症状、病理变化及防治对策等方面作简单介绍,希望引起有关部门的重视。     

Genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in Republic of Korea

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, 38 PCV2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in Republic of Korea were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two PCV2 groups with at least four subgroups (1A, 1C, 2D, and 2E). Most cases obtained from PMWS-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clinical signs compatible with PMWS (wasted non-PMWS) were included within group 2. Moreover, four cases from the wasted non-PMWS belonged to PCV2-group 1. Therefore, our results suggest that PCV2-group 1 is more related to PMWS than group 2.     

PRRSV-VR2332减毒活疫苗不影响猪瘟疫苗和猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗诱导的抗体产生

本研究拟评估仔猪接种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征减毒活疫苗对猪圆环病毒病疫苗、猪瘟疫苗免疫的干扰情况,并分析不同免疫方式对仔猪生长性能的影响,以期为探究PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2、CSF疫苗的联合免疫提供数据参考。本研究先以100头仔猪为研究对象,将其随机分为A、B、C、D 4组。其中A组仔猪免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗7 d后免疫PCV2疫苗;B组仔猪同期分点注射PRRSV减毒活疫苗和PCV2疫苗;C组仔猪仅免疫PCV2疫苗;D组仔猪仅免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗。另外再筛选100头仔猪,随机分为E、F、G、H 4组。E组仔猪于免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗12 d后免疫CSF疫苗;F组仔猪同期分点注射PRRSV减毒活疫苗和CSF疫苗;G组仔猪仅免疫CSF疫苗;H组仔猪仅免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗。免疫4周后,测定仔猪血清中相关抗体水平。同时,称量免疫前后各组仔猪的体重,计算不同免疫方案仔猪的平均日增重。结果表明：A~D组中, A组和B组仔猪在免疫4周后均产生了较高水平的PRRSV及PCV2抗体,且A组抗体水平略高于B组。C组仔猪仅产生了PCV2抗体,D组仔猪产生了较高水平的PRRSV抗体。E~H 4组中,E组和F组仔猪均产生了较高水平的PRRSV及CSFV抗体。G组仔猪仅产生了高水平的CSFV抗体,H组仔猪仅产生了高水平的PRRSV抗体。A、B、C、D 4组中B组仔猪的平均日增重最高;而E、F、G、H 4组中E组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于其他3组。PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2疫苗或CSF疫苗同期分点免疫、免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗一段时间后再免疫PCV2或CSF疫苗均能诱导仔猪产生高水平的抗体;在体液免疫方面,PRRSV减毒活疫苗免疫与否均未对另外二种疫苗表现出明显的干扰作用。在仔猪28日龄时同期分点免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2疫苗,12 d后再免疫CSF疫苗的免疫方案不仅能诱导仔猪产生高水平抗体,还可以使仔猪具备较高的平均日增重。     

Descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in New Zealand

CASE HISTORY: Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. A definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in New Zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. In addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease and epidemiology consultants, and animal health officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) were involved in conducting farm visits and submission of diagnostic specimens.

CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Pathogens known to be endemic in the pig industry in New Zealand as well as likely exotic diseases were excluded as causative agents of the outbreak. Clinical signs including dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition were consistent with the New Zealand case definition for PMWS. Interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, generalised lymph-node enlargement, and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) inclusion bodies were consistently identified in affected pigs. Classical swine fever virus (CSFv), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Influenza virus were ruled out, using molecular and traditional virological techniques. Spread of the disease between farms was hypothesised to be facilitated by locally migrating flocks of black-backed seagulls. The original source of the disease incursion was not identified.

DIAGNOSIS: Based on the consistent presence of circovirusassociated lesions in lymphoid tissues in combination with generalised enlargement of lymph nodes, histiocytic interstitial pneumonia, clinical wasting, and poor response to antibiotic therapy, a diagnosis of PMWS was made.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PMWS should be considered in the differential diagnoses of sudden onset of respiratory dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition in young pigs in New Zealand pig herds.     

猪圆环病毒2型致病机制研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)感染可导致一系列病征,包括断奶仔猪多系统衰竭征(PMWS)、仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、母猪繁殖障碍、猪皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)及猪呼吸道综合征(PRDC),其中以PMWS对养猪业危害最大.PCV-2具有自身特有生物学特性.PCV-2可感染不同年龄段猪而产生临床上症状不同的疾病,能诱发仔猪产生免疫抑制后继发感染和混合感染其他病原.论文结合PCV-2的分子生物学特性和发病特征,从分子生物学角度、病毒组织嗜性、宿主细胞增殖特性及免疫刺激方面,对PCV-2致病机制进行综述,为防控PCV-2感染提供参考.     

猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）有多个免疫学和毒力上重要的抗原表位,这些表位为疫苗和诊断制剂的设计提供了理论依据。近年来PCV2弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、活载体疫苗和DNA疫苗等多种疫苗已取得新的研究进展和实际应用,且PCV2疫苗在种猪和仔猪中的应用效果良好。此外,羧甲基新茯苓多糖、谷氨酸、精氨酸和硒等免疫增强剂及营养物质均有助于提高PCV2感染动物的机体免疫力。为更好地防控猪圆环病毒病,作者对PCV2疫苗相关研究进行综述。     

猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗种毒株的筛选

为筛选满足猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗制苗要求的毒株,选择河南省8个地区的8株猪圆环病毒2型分离株进行抗原性分析,将各分离株培养后用不同滴度的病毒原液和其分别稀释至同一滴度(4.233×10⁴拷贝/μL)的病毒液分别制成油佐剂灭活疫苗,免疫小鼠后采血测定其抗体动态水平,以进行免疫效力评价。结果显示,8株圆环病毒2型分离株中8#和12#分离株原液制备的疫苗免疫后诱导产生的抗体水平较高,二免后1周抗体水平即高于1∶800,达到猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗的国家质量标准要求,3周时达到高峰,比对照商品疫苗诱导产生的抗体水平更高;其分别稀释130倍和463倍后制备的疫苗诱导产生的抗体水平在二免后3周也能达到1∶800。提示,猪圆环病毒2型8#和12#分离株毒价高,免疫效力良好,是理想的疫苗候选株。本研究丰富了猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗毒株的种毒资源,为研制高质量的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗奠定了基础。