灰斑古毒蛾的发生规律

灰斑古毒蛾(Orgyia ericae Germar)在鄂尔多斯地区1年发生2代,以卵越冬。5月中旬越冬卵开始孵化,6月中旬开始化蛹,成虫于6月下旬羽化,到10月下旬结束。第2代幼虫始见于8月上旬,结束于9月中旬。第1代和第2代幼虫为害期共约5个月。试验研究表明:相同条件下,雌蛹比雄蛹重;在23℃条件下,雌蛹最重,为(0.59±0.02)g;产卵量受温度影响显著,在23℃时,单雌产卵量最大,为每雌483.25粒。杭锦旗地区灰斑古毒蛾幼虫—蛹期的寄生性天敌平均寄生率达72.2%;卵—茧期的寄生性天敌平均卵寄生率3.23%,平均茧寄生率为61.03%。     

灰斑古毒蛾的发生规律

灰斑古毒蛾(Orgyia ericae Germar)在鄂尔多斯地区1年发生2代,以卵越冬.5月中旬越冬卵开始孵化,6月中旬开始化蛹,成虫于6月下旬羽化,到10月下旬结束.第2代幼虫始见于8月上旬,结束于9月中旬.第1代和第2代幼虫为害期共约5个月.试验研究表明:相同条件下,雌蛹比雄蛹重；在23℃条件下,雌蛹最重,为(...     

明纹柏松毛虫的生物学特性观察

明纹柏松毛虫（D end rolim us suffuscus illustratus L a jonqu iere）是侧柏树重要的暴发性食叶害虫。该虫在山西省1 a发生1代,以3龄-5龄幼虫越冬,翌年3月底至4月上旬越冬幼虫开始上树取食。幼虫多为8龄,幼虫期133.5 d,幼虫越冬前期和结茧化蛹前期发育历期较长;雌蛾比雄蛾寿命长,雌蛹蛹期21 d,雄蛹蛹期28.5 d。可结合蜘蛛、食蚜蝇、赤眼蜂、平腹小蜂等天敌对其进行防治。     

中华甲虫蒲螨人工繁育替代寄主的筛选

选用黄粉甲初蛹、松褐天牛4龄幼虫、大麦虫初蛹等为替代寄主,在实验室对中华甲虫蒲螨进行人工繁育试验,结果表明:在温度为25±2℃、湿度为75％±10％条件下,中华甲虫蒲螨对黄粉甲初蛹和松褐天牛幼虫的选择性以及形成的膨腹体数量等无显著差异,但均显著高于替代寄主大麦虫初蛹；在寄生率与发育历期上3种替代寄主间无显著差异(P＜0...     

黄带山钩蛾发育起点温度与有效积温的研究

研究了黄带山钩蛾Oreta pulchripes Butler各虫态在恒温16,19,22,25,28℃下的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温.结果表明,随着温度的升高,发育历期逐渐缩短;黄带山钩蛾的卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫期和世代发育起点温度分别为(8.28 ±1.27),(8.47±1.33),(7.20±1.12),(10.70±0.97),(8.40±0.46)℃.相应的有效积温分别为(85.39±7.58),(223.40±20.94),(131.91±9.60),(62.98±5.08),(507.97±16.53)日度.根据发育起点温度和有效积温,初步测得黄带山钩蛾在苏州一带的年发生世代数为7代左右,与实际调查情况基本一致.     

红脉穗螟天敌—扁股小蜂发育起点温度和有效积温

在实验室内以17,20,23,26,29和32℃6个恒温对红脉穗螟天敌——扁股小蜂Elasmussp.各虫态发育起点温度和有效积温进行了测定。结果表明,扁股小蜂的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;卵、幼虫、蛹和卵-蛹全过程的发育起点温度分别为(12.031±0.659),(11.295±0.302),(10.016±0.811)和(10.976±0.720)℃;有效积温分别为(12.988±0.634),(63.084±1.346),(121.387±6.128)和(191.966±9.637)日.度。     

温度对松褐天牛肿腿蜂繁殖和发育的影响

[目的]为了明确温度对松褐天牛肿腿蜂繁殖和发育的影响,进而为其人工繁育和生物防治应用提供科学依据。[方法]在21,24,27,30,33℃的恒温条件下人工繁育松褐天牛肿腿蜂,记录各虫态发育历期及子代数量,并计算各虫态发育起点温度和有效积温。[结果]表明,松褐天牛肿腿蜂各虫态发育历期随着温度的升高而缩短,如5组温度处理下的卵期分别为3.29±0.14,2.89±0.17,2.61±0.14,2.16±0.11和1.86±0.93 d。卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度分别为6.99±2.12,10.67±3.43和13.5±2.71℃,有效积温分别为49.28±5.08,166.67±34.02和225±43.30日·度。温度对子代数量及雄性占比也有显著影响,温度超过30℃后,子代数量及雄性占比显著下降。[结论]适度升温可有效促进肿腿蜂的繁殖和发育,但温度超过适温则不利于母蜂寄生和子代发育,人工繁育松褐天牛肿腿蜂的适宜温度范围是24～30℃。     

寄主植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响

该文选择了青杨Populus cathayanaRehd.、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtiiMayr.和山杏Aarmeniaca sibiricaLinn.,研究植物对舞毒蛾Lymantria disparL.生长发育历期、蛹重、产卵量的影响。结果表明舞毒蛾发育历期、蛹重及产卵量与所取食的寄主植物有明显的相关性,取食华北落叶松的舞毒蛾个体发育历期最短,平均为38.22±0.56 d,蛹最重,平均为1.48±0.09g,产卵量最多,平均每雌560.65±41.67粒;取食青杨的舞毒蛾发育历期最长,平均为46.68±0.65 d,蛹最轻,平均为1.17±0.08 g,产卵量最少,平均每雌315.47±49.07粒;取食山杏的舞毒蛾间于二者之间,平均历期为39.53±0.58 d,平均蛹重为1.24±0.08 g,每雌产卵量394.50±58.65粒。可以认为,在供试范围内华北落叶松最适宜舞毒蛾生长发育,山杏次之,青杨最不适宜。     

转双抗虫基因741杨对靶标害虫发育的影响

用转双抗虫基因741杨(简称转基因741杨)不同系号分别从不同龄期开始连续饲养舞毒蛾Lmantria disparL和杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)幼虫,通过幼虫死亡率、发育速率、体重增加速率、排粪量、蛹重等指标,系统揭示了转基因741杨对从不同龄期开始饲养的舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾各龄幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明:用转基因741杨开始饲养的舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾幼虫的龄期越低,其死亡率越高,对幼虫生长发育的抑制作用越明显,随着开始饲养龄期的升高,幼虫的死亡率降低,生长发育受的抑制作用减弱。通过比较分别从1、2、3、4、5龄开始饲养的舞毒蛾各龄幼虫的体重增加速率、发育历期和排粪量表明,转基因741杨对从不同龄期开始饲养的舞毒蛾幼虫生长至同一龄期的抗性不同,取食转基因741杨的时间越长对舞毒蛾幼虫的抑制作用越明显。     

温度对麻疯树柄细蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确温度对麻疯树柄细蛾Stomphastis thraustica Meyrick生长发育和繁殖的影响,研究了不同温度下(19～37℃)麻疯树柄细蛾各虫态生长发育、存活和繁殖等生物学特性。结果表明:在19～34℃范围内,各虫态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。37℃时,卵不能孵化。在25℃下雌虫和雄虫平均寿命最长,分别为5.94 d和5.22 d。在25～34℃范围内,温度对雌虫产卵量无显著影响,但平均产卵量(44.4粒/雌)明显高于低温区19～22℃的平均产卵量(16.9粒/雌)。卵、幼虫、蛹和世代的发育起点温度分别为8.391,6.312,8.014,8.874℃,世代有效积温为294.183日度。     

Monitoring eucalypt bud temperature using mobile temperature loggers

Winter chilling is a key environmental trigger of floral induction in temperate Eucalyptus. Over the past two decades, considerable site × eucalypt flowering interaction research has been undertaken over a range of high elevation (>1 100?m asl) forestry sites in the South African summer rainfall area. A practical method of accurately monitoring eucalypt bud temperature at remote sites in these areas was needed for this research. Utilisation of traditional methods of air and bud temperature measurement were not viable, due to significant risks of data and meteorological equipment loss posed by severe weather, vandalism and theft. Between 1996 and 2004, a robust structure for housing the miniature Hobo® temperature logger (hereafter termed ‘Hobo pole’) was designed and utilised for in-field monitoring of air temperature in the research trials. During 2009 and 2010, an experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between E. nitens bud temperature (BudT), Hobo pole air temperature (HoboAT) and radiation screen air temperature (ScrnAT), and develop appropriate calibration models. Attempts to develop a single model for predicting hourly BudT from hourly HoboAT over the entire annual period yielded unsatisfactory results (maximum R?2 value 0.49). Separate winter and summer regression models were subsequently developed for predicting BudT from HoboAT, ScrnAT from HoboAT, and BudT from ScrnAT. In these regressions, R?2 values were generally slightly higher, and SE values lower, for mid-winter data than for mid-summer data. In mid-winter, BudT on HoboAT gave the highest R?2 value (0.99) and lowest SE value (0.49 °C) of all regressions. The Hobo logger/Hobo pole combination, together with developed regression models (presented in this paper), offers one practical, cost-effective solution for accurately monitoring eucalypt bud temperature at remote, high-elevation forestry sites in South Africa.     

白蛾黑棒啮小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温

白蛾黑棒啮小蜂Tetrastichus septentrionalis Yang是美国白蛾等多种鳞翅目食叶害虫蛹期的重要寄生性天敌,具有很好的利用前景.为了人工大规模繁殖以应用于生物防治,对该小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究,得出白蛾黑棒啮小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为8.63℃和334.14日度,为指导室内人工大量繁殖白蛾黑棒啮小蜂打下了基础.     

Fluctuation of temperature inside poplar stems in relation to air temperature

Two Euramerican poplar clones, ‘I-214’and ‘I-45/51′, were badly damaged by frost cracks in 1981 and 1985. Thermocouples attached to 12 trees showed that clone ‘I-45/51’was more resistant to winter and late frosts, possibly due to its significantly thicker and rougher bark in comparison to ‘I-214′.     

杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温

对杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究的结果表明:杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫在18、22、26、30℃4个温度下可正常生长发育,而在34℃条件下不能完成发育,不同龄期(共5龄)雄性幼虫的发育起点温度和有效积温存在差异,且不同龄期对二者的要求不一致,有效积温分别为37.68、30.26、29.18、42.55、75.01日·度,发育起点温度分别为6.07、5.61、8.84、8.67、5.50℃。杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫期发育起点温度和有效积温分别为6.35℃和220.68日·度,发育历期预测式为N=220.68/(T-6.35)。     

红头阿扁叶蜂蛹、卵发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

文章测定了红头阿扁叶蜂蛹和卵在182、02、22、4和26℃5个温度下的发育历期,应用直线回归法和直接最优法计算发育起点温度和有效积温,并用变异系数进行检验。结果表明两种方法得出的结果差距不大,蛹的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为6.75℃和133.24 d.℃,卵的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为8.32℃和185.65 d.℃。     

柑桔褐带卷蛾(Adoxphy eseyrtosema Meyrick)有效积温的测定

通过对柑桔褐带卷蛾的人工饲养,得到其发育的历程,通过计算:卵期发育起点温度℃,有效积10.8温日度;幼虫发育起点温度为。℃,有效积温日度;蛹期发育起点温度℃,有效积温73.5955486.212.6104.3日度;成虫发育起点温度℃,有效积温日度;整个生活史的发育起点温度为℃,有效积温日19.022.712.3704度,通过相关系数的测验,证实了发育速率与温度的相关性。     

STEAMING-HIGH TEMPERATURE DRYING OF LARCH LUMBER

A series of drying tests on Larch Lumber and a theoretical analysis led to the follow-ing conclusions:1.Steaming pretreatment is a very powerful means to decrease defects induced by the drying processand increases the drying velocity of the lumber.2.The steaming—high一temperature drying schedule had resulted in fast drying and good quality ofthe dried lumber.     

Effects of atmospheric humidity and acclimation temperature on the temperature response of photosynthesis in young Larix decidua Mill

Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings of a low altitude (600 m) Austrian provenance were raised outdoors and acclimated in chambers for 14 to 24 days during August and September at either 8 degrees C and an atmospheric saturation vapor pressure deficit (DeltaW) of 2.5 Pa kPa(-1), or 24 degrees C and a DeltaW of 6.2 Pa kPa(-1). Subsequently, their rates of photosynthesis, dark respiration and transpiration were measured at temperatures between 5 and 30 degrees C with DeltaW either maintained below 10 Pa kPa(-1) or allowed to increase with temperature up to 38 Pa kPa(-1). Below 15 degrees C the photosynthetic rate of cold-acclimated plants was higher, but above 15 degrees C it was lower, than that of warm-acclimated plants. Temperature acclimation caused a greater shift in the temperature optimum for photosynthesis when DeltaW was kept small than when it was allowed to increase with temperature. When DeltaW was kept small, leaf conductance of cold-acclimated plants, unlike that of warm-acclimated plants, did not increase with temperature above 15 degrees C. When DeltaW increased with temperature, leaf conductance of cold-acclimated plants decreased more rapidly with temperature than that of warm-acclimated plants. Low temperature acclimation increased the rate of photosynthesis below 15 degrees C without affecting leaf conductance, which indicates that there was an adaptation in leaf internal processes. Further evidence of a metabolic adaptation to acclimation temperature is that dark respiration of cold-acclimated plants was twice that of warm-acclimated plants at all temperatures.