对加强木材流通管理的思考

在林木流通过程中，山上管严与山下管严应同步进行，并严密各个环节，堵塞漏洞，防止森林资源的无序消耗。     

塞罕坝林场木材营销策略分析与未来发展趋势初探

该文对塞罕坝机械林场自木材营销诞生以来的营销策略进行了简要分析与归纳,并对未来木材营销发展趋势进行了初步研究与探索。     

木材销售与市场、价格、运输——关于内蒙古大兴安岭林区木材销售情况的调查

木材销售与市场、价格、运输———关于内蒙古大兴安岭林区木材销售情况的调查文／胡明华张良张小平销量连年增加，售价连年下跌，这是内蒙古大兴安岭林区近３年来木材销售中出现的一个怪现象。市场问题？运输问题？还是管理问题？近日，我们在林区中线、东线、北线各选了...     

森工企业木材营销新策略

森工企业木材营销新策略穆忠华（黑龙江省森工总局经销总公司）从今年起，木材销售全部取消政府指令性计划，实行产需见面。至此，木材销售价格完全与市场接轨。在这种情况下，森工企业必须改变以往的营销对策，采取适应市场的新策略。１采取灵活、多样、竞争、高效的营销...     

全国木材行业发展形势喜人

总体上来讲,2002年是我国木材行业符合市场规律正常运行的一年,发展情况和发展趋势喜人.行业自律和行业管理也起到了很好的作用,生产和销售都处于一种良好的状态.     

谈入世后国有森工企业如何做好木材营销工作

本文论述了入世后森工企业木材营销工作的对策，提出建立反应快捷的信息网络，并加强统一销售管理，整体运做，优化资源配置。     

木材销售财务微机辅助管理系统

木材销售财务微机辅助管理系统是在“ＦＡ一软件”基础上开发的，它可通过阶段汇总直接转入“ＦＡ一软件账务系统，并通过对比计算及时准确反映用材单位的存欠款余额。该系统与“ＦＡ一软件”相比，增加了查询功能和统计分析，可为木材销售管理工作提供各项会计资料。     

四川省木材经营加工及木材流通管理的现状与对策

通过对四川省成都、雅安、绵阳、广元等市木材经营加工和木材流通管理现状的调查研究,揭示了当前存在的问题,提出了对策措施,建议从法制建设和基础工作方面推进木材经营加工及木材流通管理工作健康有序发展。     

计算机网络在木材生产管理上的应用

１　计算机网络管理木材生产销 售的必要性 随着市场经济体制的完善及林区“天保”工程的实施，原有管理手段已经不适应发展的需要。条块分割式的管理，暴露出同行企业间的分歧，且很难形成合力，制约了整个战线的发展。特别是基层生产单位不接触市场，市场意识不强，产品销售信息反馈滞后，导致产品不能满足市场需求，缺乏竞争力，效益低下。若要改变当前木材生产销售的这种被动局面，必须实行全方位全过程的质量效益化管理，在改善原有管理手段的基础上，实现计算机网络化管理。 （１）计算机网络是现代化办公和实现现代化集团式管理的可…     

Impact of precommercial thinning on tree growth,lumber recovery and lumber quality in Abies balsamea

Abstract

Precommercial thinning (PCT) is often used to improve stand growth and value. While PCT may accelerate tree growth and reduce mortality, it may also have a negative effect on product quality. This study examined the effect of moderate and heavy thinning on tree growth, lumber recovery and quality in a natural balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] PCT trial 35 years after thinning. Compared with the control, the heavy thinning increased merchantable tree diameter, stem volume per tree and lumber volume recovery per tree by 41.1%, 100.9% and 92.7%, respectively, reduced the Select Structural grade (the best grade) recovery by 33.7%. Thinning did not affect the no. 2 and better grade yield. There was a 12.2% and 15.0% difference, respectively, in the lumber bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) between the control and heavy thinning. Moderate thinning had little impact on the visual grade recovery, lumber bending MOE and MOR. Heavy thinning is recommended if the goal is to get sizeable sawlogs in the shortest time, whereas moderate thinning is preferable if the intention is to minimize the negative effects on lumber quality while retaining modest tree growth and lumber recovery. Overall, PCT of very dense young balsam fir stands appears to be an effective and viable silvicultural treatment.     

Tensile strength of thermally modified laminated strand lumber and laminated veneer lumber

Laminated strand lumber (LSL) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) were thermally modified as a post-treatment at 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, and 180°C. The tension modulus of elasticity (MOE) of LSL was not significantly impacted by the treatments, with the 180°C treatment group exhibiting the highest tension MOE (11.8?GPa). The LVL also experienced minimal impacts, with the 150°C treatment group having the highest tension MOE (19.4?GPa) and the 160°C treatment group exhibiting the lowest (17.1?GPa). The maximum tensile strength (MTS) of the LSL and LVL significantly decreased with increasing temperatures, with the control and 180°C treatment groups experiencing the highest and lowest MTS, respectively. The lowest MTS for LSL was 10.8?MPa (180°C treatment), which was 70% lower than the controls. The lowest MTS of the LVL was 24.4?MPa (also at the 180°C treatment), which was a 49% decrease compared to the controls. These results suggest that thermal-modification post-treatments minimally impact tension MOE, but can significantly reduce MTS at higher treatment temperatures. Combined with previous work improving the moisture properties and equilibrium moisture content of thermally modified LSL and LVL, it may be possible to optimize the treatment technique(s) to yield products with desirable properties.     

单板层积材的研究现状

论述了国内外在单板层积材工艺及机理方面研究的主要进展，其中工艺研究包括加压工艺、材种及单板等级等，而机理研究则主要集中在力学性能和耐久性能的研究上。在此基础上对研究竹材增强单板层积材的可行性和必要性进行了探讨，并简要介绍了竹材增强单板层积材研究的进展情况。     

滇产赤桉干燥工艺初探

通过百度干燥特性试验,初步获得了滇产速生人工林材赤桉的干燥特性数据,以便于开展其干燥技术的深入研究.试验结果表明：赤桉材的初期开裂多在3～4级;内裂平均等级为2级,最严重的为3级;截面变形严重,4级居多;干燥速度慢,为4～5级.分析了滇产赤桉干燥的主要缺陷以及初步解决方案,并根据百度法干燥特性与干燥条件对应表,制定了赤桉的预报干燥基准.     

Goodness-of-fit analysis for lumber data

Summary Four different probability distributions were studied to evaluate their relative goodness-of-fit in describing the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of populations of dimension lumber. The distributions under consideration were the normal, lognormal, Weibull and Johnson's S_B. The populations of lumber consisted of 96 data sets of various species groups, mechanical properties, sizes, structural grades and growth regions. The goodness-of-fit criteria selected in this study were the log likelihood, Kimball and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests. The K-S statistic was also calculated at the value of the random variable associated with the lower five percent exclusion limit of the empirical cumulative distribution. This value indicated the degree of goodness-of-fit at the lower tail of the distribution. The results indicated that the S_B distribution generally provided the best fit to the data. The maximum likelihood test overwhelmingly recommended the S_B distribution. The Kimball and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests gave milder endorsements of the S_B distribution. No distribution proved to be superior to the others in modeling the lower five percent exclusion limit of the populations.The author would like to thank the Engineering Data Management (EDM) Inc. of Fort Collins, Colorado, for the use of their parameter evaluation software, STAtistical Data MANager     

竹重组材浸渍纸饰面工艺

通过正交试验,考察了树脂含量、残留挥发分、热压压力和热压时间等工艺因素对浸渍纸饰面竹重组材的表面胶合强度和耐磨性能的影响,探讨了浸渍纸饰面生产的较佳工艺参数。试验结果表明：树脂含量和残留挥发分对浸渍纸饰面竹重组材的表面胶合强度和耐磨性能影响显著。在试验条件下,适宜的饰面工艺为树脂含量200％,残留挥发分7％,热压压力2.9 MPa,热压时间40 s。     

Composite behavior of laminated strand lumber

The mechanical properties of laminated strand lumber are dependent on the orientation of strands and on the variability of strand alignment in the production process. A model is proposed to predict the in-plane properties and their statistical distributions to allow manufacturers to set target reliability levels for their products. The model is based on the theory of mechanics of composites and assumes homogeneity in each panel layer to allow for multiple-layer panels to be simulated. To verify the model, five types of panels are fabricated using aspen strands with the following stacking sequences: (a) fully-oriented (0° throughout); (b) fully-random (R throughout); (c) random core/oriented surfaces (0°/R/R/0°); (d) random surfaces/oriented core (R/0°/0°/R); and (e) eight oriented layers (0°/+45°/-45°/0°/0°/-45°/+45°/0°). In-plane elastic moduli and ultimate strengths (in tension, compression, and shear) are determined for each panel type. Model predictions match well with experimental results. Properties are shown to be dependent on the degree of strand alignment in each panel type. Using the first-order reliability method, statistical distributions on the properties were predicted and found to compare well with experimental results. A method is proposed for dealing with misalignment of strands based on the von Mises distribution of strand angles to assist manufacturers with production process optimization.     

Wood drying process: impact on Scots pine lumber durability

There are indications that the drying process may have negative effects on the natural durability of wood. The impact of various drying processes on the durability of Scots pine lumber has been evaluated with mass loss in a decay test with brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana, as measure of the decay resistance of sapwood and inner and outer heartwood. Drying with or without steam conditioning was performed in six different series: air drying, kiln drying at temperature ranges commonly used in Swedish sawmills at 70°C and 90°C with two different regulation principles, and one high-temperature drying at 110°C. Durability varied considerably both between and within boards. Sapwood showed considerable less durability than heartwood. No difference in durability was found between inner heartwood and outer heartwood. Air-dried heartwood showed the highest durability compared to other drying series. The lowest durability in sapwood and heartwood was found for series dried at the 90°C temperature level with high material temperature early in drying. The interpretation is that the duration of high material temperature at high moisture content (MC) is the critical combination for decay resistance in heartwood. Steam conditioning after drying decreased durability in sapwood.     

Measurement of lumber moisture content based on PCA and GS-SVM

Lumber moisture content(LMC) is the important parameter to judge the dryness of lumber and the quality of wooden products.Nevertheless the data acquired are mostly redundant and incomplete because of the complexity of the course of drying,by interference factors that exist in the dryness environment and by the physical characteristics of the lumber itself.To improve the measuring accuracy and reliability of LMC,the optimal support vector machine(SVM) algorithm was put forward for regression analysis LMC.Environmental factors such as air temperature and relative humidity were considered,the data of which were extracted with the principle component analysis method.The regression and prediction of SVM was optimized based on the grid search(GS) technique.Groups of data were sampled and analyzed,and simulation comparison of forecasting performance shows that the main component data were extracted to speed up the convergence rate of the optimum algorithm.The GS-SVM shows a better performance in solving the LMC measuring and forecasting problem.