鸽新城疫病毒弱毒株的分离与鉴定

对某鸽场送检的6只通过病理剖检疑似新城疫(ND)的病鸽进行实验室诊断,包括细菌分离、新城疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测、SPF鸡胚分离与鉴定,并测定其鸡胚分离物F3代EID50和ICPI.结果为内脏病料新城疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测为阳性;SPF鸡胚分离到一株有血凝活性的病毒,经HA和HI鉴定为NDV,其F3代血凝价为1∶26,EID50为107.63,ICPI为1.19.根据病鸽的临床症状、鸡胚分离物EID50和IC-PI,确定该鸽新城疫病毒分离株为弱毒株.     

免疫蛋鸡携带新城疫病毒的调查研究

实验对江苏省某地区 2 2个免疫鸡场进行了新城疫病毒抗体随机抽样监测 ;并从所抽样的鸡只中无菌采集气管及泄殖腔棉拭子样品 ,接种非免疫鸡胚进行病毒分离与鉴定。结果表明 ,在不同新城疫病毒抗体水平的鸡群 ,均可分离到新城疫病毒 ;这提示了新城疫病毒抗体水平只能用于衡量机体的体液免疫状况 ,而不能作为评价鸡群是否带毒的指标     

重组鸡α-干扰素对新城疫病毒复制的影响

毕赤酵母表达鸡α-干扰素经纯化后,以50000U、5000U和500U分别与200ELD50新城疫病毒疫苗株LaSota和中等毒力Q株等量混合,接种9～10日龄SPF鸡胚,记录鸡胚死亡情况并测定尿囊液HA效价,结果表明,高浓度重组干扰素可使病毒致死鸡胚时间延长,并使Q株在尿囊液中的HA效价下降2～3个滴度。     

不同日龄鸡胚接种不同浓度病毒对鸽新城疫病毒PB9601株鸡胚适应毒产毒量比较

利用不同浓度的鸽新城疫病毒（NDV）PB9601株在不同日龄的鸡胚上繁殖，观察鸡胚的死亡时间、尿囊液的收获量，并分别测定尿囊液中HA滴度和ELD50值，比较结果表明，以1：500稀释液0．1ml接种9日龄SPF鸡胚或1：100稀释液0．1ml接种10日龄胚产毒量最高。     

鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联灭活疫苗的研究

利用Page A型、B型、C型副鸡禽杆菌和新城疫病毒La Sota株,研制鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗。用3个批次疫苗进行单剂量(0.5mL/次)3次接种和大剂量(2.0mL)单次接种的安全性试验、SPF鸡的免疫效力试验、商品鸡的免疫持续期试验和疫苗的保存期试验。结果表明,3批疫苗对试验鸡安全无副作用;免疫接种SPF鸡只30d后对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫接种SPF鸡21d后新城疫的平均HI抗体24;商品鸡42日龄首免,110日龄二免,二免后9个月对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,对新城疫病毒强毒100%保护;用4℃~8℃保存12个月和15个月的3批疫苗进行了SPF鸡的近期免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫接种后21d新城疫病毒的平均HI抗体24,对新城疫病毒强毒的攻毒保护率70%。说明研制的疫苗安全有效。     

免疫剂量和母源抗体对禽流感重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗免疫效力的影响

利用表达 H 5亚型禽流感病毒 (AIV)血凝素基因的重组鸡痘病毒 (r FPV- HA)以不同剂量免疫 1日龄 SPF鸡、有或无母源抗体 (FPV、AIV H5)的商品鸡 ,并于免疫后 2 1d利用同亚型 AIV通过肌肉注射进行致死性攻击 ,通过检测免疫后 HI抗体应答、比较攻毒后发病率和死亡率评价免疫剂量和母源抗体对 r FPV- HA免疫效力的影响。结果发现 ,免疫后 2 1d,15 %～ 2 0 %的 SPF鸡和无母源抗体商品鸡可检出 HI抗体 ,而含母源抗体商品鸡检测不到 HI抗体。利用H5亚型 AIV致死性攻击后 ,10 3～ 10 6 PFU的 r FPV- HA可保护 95 %～ 10 0 %的 SPF鸡和无母源抗体商品鸡抵御强毒攻击 ,使之免于发病和死亡 ;而不同剂量 r FPV- HA接种的含母源抗体商品鸡有 80 %～ 90 %发病和死亡。结果表明 ,在较宽的免疫剂量范围内 ,r FPV- HA对 SPF鸡和无母源抗体商品鸡可提供良好的保护 ,显示出一定的应用前景 ;母源抗体影响 r FPV- HA诱导的免疫应答 ,且提高免疫剂量亦不能克服其干扰作用 ,这提示在实际应用中需优化免疫程序 ,避免母源抗体干扰。     

鸽新城疫rGX-mF株灭活疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

为有效控制临床中鸽新城疫的发生，选取基因Ⅵ型鸽新城疫病毒弱毒株rGX-mF作为疫苗候选株，评价其生物学特性，并将rGX-mF灭活后制备成油佐剂灭活疫苗，接种雏鸽和SPF鸡进行rGX-mF株的免疫原性分析，为研制安全高效的鸽新城疫灭活疫苗奠定基础。结果表明，rGX-mF株能够在鸡胚中稳定传代，效价高，毒力弱；rGX-mF株灭活疫苗接种雏鸽后疫苗吸收良好，无局部和全身不良反应，安全性好，免疫持续期长达12个月；rGX-mF株灭活疫苗与LaSota株灭活疫苗相比，rGX-mF株灭活疫苗在鸽体内能产生更高水平的抗体；rGX-mF株灭活疫苗同时免疫SPF鸡和雏鸽，SPF鸡产生的抗体显著高于鸽产生的抗体，这可能与鸽和鸡的免疫系统存在差异有关。综上，利用基因Ⅵ型鸽新城疫病毒弱毒rGX-mF株制备的灭活疫苗可在鸽体内产生有效的抗体，免疫效果好，免疫持续期长。     

鱼腥草提取液在鸡胚内抗新城疫病毒试验

为证明鱼腥草抗新城疫病毒的作用效果,通过接种鸡胚方法,对病毒接种前、接种同时、接种后加药三种方式处理的鸡胚尿囊液血凝效价进行测定。结果显示,在三种不同的加药方式中,不同浓度的鱼腥草提取液都能够降低新城疫病毒感染鸡胚尿囊液的血凝效价;鱼腥草提取液和新城疫病毒同时注入鸡胚时,鱼腥草原液抗病毒效果最好;鱼腥草提取液于新城疫病毒接种后注入鸡胚时,2倍稀释液抗病毒效果最好;鱼腥草提取液先于新城疫病毒注入鸡胚时,4倍和8倍稀释液抗病毒效果最好。结果表明,鱼腥草提取液能够抑制新城疫病毒在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖;鱼腥草提取液在鸡胚内抗新城疫病毒活性与其加药方式及浓度有关。     

中药“感新双煞”体外抗新城疫病毒试验

采用鸡胚接种试验,对中药方剂“感新双煞”的体外抗新城疫病毒效果进行了测定,结果表明该方剂在体外对新城疫病毒具有较好的杀灭作用。     

七彩山鸡新城疫病毒的分离及生物学特性测定

用SPF鸡胚从疑似七彩山鸡新城疫病鸡群中分离到1株病毒，经HA和HI试验及病毒中和试验证明该分离毒为七彩山鸡新城疫病毒。动物回归试验表明，分离毒肌肉注射非免疫七彩山鸡能使之发病、死亡，出现与自然病例一致的症状与病变，但肌注SPF鸡只能感染，不出现临床症状。其生物学特性：NHAT为快、HOT为8min、ICPI为1．46、IVPI为1．6、MDT为76．8h，与鸡新城疫病毒相比，表现出不同的特性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …