挪威云杉幼树韧皮部挥发性物质的测定

通过GC-MS测定挪威云杉幼树主干上部与下部韧皮主要挥发性物质的化学成分与含量，结果表明挪威云杉幼树的韧皮部挥发性物质的主要成分为α-蒎烯、茨烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、β-水芹烯7种单萜化合物。α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、3-蒈烯、β-水芹烯的含量在上部韧皮与下部韧皮有明显差异，其中上部韧皮部α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和β-水芹烯的含量明显高于下部主干韧皮部,这为解释松树皮象的取食习性，打下了基础。     

高β-蒎烯思茅松无性系选择研究

为了选择高β-蒎烯的思茅松优良无性系,对40个5年生思茅松高产脂嫁接无性系及1个对照的松脂中β-蒎烯含量等进行测定,结果表明：40个无性系的松节油中B．蒎烯含量大于对照的有10个,较对照β-蒎烯含量平均提高187％;方差分析结果表明：无陛系间β-蒎烯含量存在极显著差异。β-蒎烯的无性系遗传力为0．99;初步选择出10个高β-蒎烯含量的高产脂优良无性系,其β-蒎烯含量的遗传增益为185％。     

β-蒎烯裂解制取月桂烯的技术

月桂烯是香料产业中最重要的化学品原料和中间体之一,主要来自于β-蒎烯的裂解。本研究设计了β-蒎烯裂解月桂烯的装置,并以此装置进行了β-蒎烯裂解制取月桂烯的工艺研究,得出β-蒎烯最佳的裂解工艺参数为:预热温度400℃,裂解温度500℃,真空度60 mmHg,进料速度35 L/h,此条件下β-蒎烯转化率98.4%,月桂烯含量83.3%。本研究的β-蒎烯裂解制取月桂烯生产条件较温和,成本相对较低,适用于规模化生产。     

-蒎烯的研究

研究了以五氧化二钒合成的苯甲酸氧钒催化过氧化氢氧化β-蒎烯.考察了催化剂、过氧化氢和溶剂用量及水等因素对催化性能的影响.在苯甲酸氧钒用量为β-蒎烯质量的5%、丙酮与β-蒎烯的体积比为4:1、过氧化氢与β-蒎烯的物质的量之比为2:1的条件下、30℃反应24 h后,β-蒎烯转化率可达56.2%以上,主要产物诺蒎酮和马鞭草烯酮的选择性分别为42.8%和35.5%.     

高β-蒎烯的云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch.)调查研究

云南省南部,云南松和思茅松混生地区有较丰富的β-蒎烯资源。根据这一地区采集的大量腊叶标本和松脂样品的鉴定、分析结果认为:β-蒎烯含量在1％左右的是思茅松;β-蒎烯含量在50％以上的是云南松,由于该地区云南松的β-蒎烯含量显著高于其他地区的云南松(4—8％),所以将它定为云南松分布南部边缘地区的一个特殊地理类型—高β-蒎烯云南松。     

挪威云杉幼树韧皮部挥发性物质的测定

通过GC－MS测定挪威云杉幼树主干上部与下部韧皮主要挥发性物质的化学成分与含量，结果表明：挪威云杉幼树的韧皮部挥发性物质的主要成分为α－蒎烯、茨烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、3－蒈烯、柠檬烯、β－水芹烯7种单萜化合物。α-蒎烯、β－蒎烯、月桂烯、3－蒈烯、β－水芹烯的含量在上部韧皮与下部韧皮有明显差异，其中上部韧皮部α－蒎烯、β－蒎烯和β－水芹烯的含量明显高于下部主干韧皮部，这为解释松树皮象的取食习性，打下了基础。     

松节油中主要单萜烯的异构方法综述

综述了比较常用的α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯以及3-蒈烯的异构方法.α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯以及3-蒈烯是松节油中含量较高的3种单萜烯烃,这3种单萜烯都可以在加热或者催化剂存在下,尤其是二者的共同作用下发生异构转化,生成苧烯、莰烯、月桂烯、对伞花烃等烯烃类化合物,可以作为原料或中间体而被进一步利用.     

-蒎烯氧化制备诺蒎酸

利用水和叔丁醇的混合溶液作为反应的溶剂,用高锰酸钾氧化β-蒎烯制备诺蒎酸,考察了叔丁醇含量、高锰酸钾和碱用量以及温度对产物收率的影响.最佳反应条件:反应温度15～25 ℃,β-蒎烯、KMnO4、NaOH物质的量的比为1:3:1.5,用 30 % 的叔丁醇水溶液做溶剂,诺蒎酸的收率(质量分数)在 70.0 % 以上.     

β-蒎烯四醋酸铅氧化反应的研究

比较和分析了几种反应介质对β-蒎烯四醋酸铅氧化反应的影响。冰醋酸对β-蒎烯的影响较小,被认为是较适合作β-蒎烯四醋酸铅氧化反应的介质。在冰醋酸中进行β-蒎烯四醋酸铅氧化反应时,确认有99.4％的β-蒎烯参与了反应,生成含49种化合物的产物,主要为反-松香芹醋酸酯、桃金娘烯醋酸酯、1(7)-对(艹孟)烯-2-醇-8-醋酸酯和1-对(艹孟)烯-7-醇-8-醋酸酯等5种化合物,占产物总和的71％～74％。氧化产物经异构后,紫苏醋酸酯可达55％。整个研究结果为工业生产紫苏类香料产品提供了基础科学依据。     

华山松大小蠹对9种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

选取5种非寄主挥发性化合物水杨醛、壬醛、三氯乙烯、二氯甲基甲醚和顺-3-己烯-1醇,4种寄主挥发性化合物β-蒎烯、(+)-3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯和(+)-α-蒎烯,应用触角电位仪和Y型嗅觉仪初步研究了华山松大小蠹成虫对这9种化合物的EAG反应和趋向反应。结果表明:雌虫对三氯乙烯、(+)-3-蒈烯和β-石竹烯,雄虫对壬醛、二氯甲基甲醚、(+)-3-蒈烯和(+)-α-蒎烯有明显的EAG反应;β-蒎烯、(+)-3-蒈烯和(+)-α-蒎烯对华山松大小蠹雌成虫有较强的引诱作用;三氯乙烯对雄成虫有较高的引诱率,且显著高于对雌成虫的引诱率。试验结果可为华山松大小蠹的行为控制技术研究提供借鉴。     

华山松树皮挥发性诱虫活性物质成分分析

华山松(Pinus armandii Franch)是中国亚热带西部地区的山地针叶林,在云南主要分布在滇西北、滇中部和东北中山山地.华山松是良好的经济树种,可作为建筑、家具等的优良用材;此外,华山松立木可采脂,树皮制烤胶,种子是优质的食用油和干果[1].     

Studies on volatile compounds from Pinus silvestris and their effect on wood-decomposing fungi

A headspace pre-concentration technique was used for GC-MS analyses of volatile compounds from fresh and heat-dried wood of Pinus silvestris. α-Pinene and Δ3-carene dominated in the gas phase above both the fresh and heated wood. Low molecular aldehydes and ketones not present above the fresh wood were identified from the heated wood.     

Analysis of essential oil in Asternovi-belgii

IntroductionTheasternovi-beIgiihasbehavedm0readvantageincoldresistanceinplantingexperiments.ButitistendingtobeeIiminatedf0rlatefl0weringtime,simpIedesignandc0lorandsma[Ierflowers.TheDendran-themaxgeandthegr0winginnorthernhasc0l0rfuIdesignandfragrant.Thec0l0rfuIdesignsandfragrantD~nthemaxgr8nddergrowinginnortherncon-tainsmanykindsofmedicaImattersiniti.essential0il(Yang1997andLiu1996),butithasIowerability0fcoldresistancethanasternovi-belgii.lnordertobreednewvarietiesandmakecIeartherelation…     

光叶拟单性木兰挥发油的化学成分及其生物活性的初步研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取光叶拟单性木兰叶片中的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析挥发油的成分,鉴定出34个化合物。其主要成分为1R-α-蒎烯(7.432%)、香桧烯(13.516%)、β-松节烯(7.615%)、间-甲基异丙基苯(7.21%)、桉油醇(7.139%)、松油-4-醇(5.004%)、β-石竹烯(5.577%)、β-荜澄茄烯(4.435%)。体外抑菌和抗肿瘤实验表明,光叶拟单性木兰挥发物质对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、红酵母有一定的抑制作用;对人非小细胞肺癌(NCI-H460)、胃腺癌(SGC-7901)有较强的抑制作用,当挥发油质量浓度为50μg.mL-1时,抑制率分别达到83.24%、72.26%。     

永嘉四海山黄山松林挥发性有机物成分及变化研究

2016年4月至2017年1月,采用热脱附-气象色谱-质谱联用(TDS-GC-MS)法对浙江省永嘉县四海山林场黄山松Pinus taiwanensis林空气挥发性有机物(VOCs)成分含量及变化进行了春夏秋冬各1次测试。结果显示,黄山松林空气VOCs全年共检测到69种,其中萜烯类化合物年均相对含量最高,达40.92%,出现的物质有α-蒎烯、桉树脑和柠檬烯等;其次为其他类、醛类和脂类化合物,相对含量分别为12.45%,12.22%和11.00%。黄山松林空气VOCs在春季、夏季和秋季均以萜烯类化合物相对含量最高,分别占VOCs的32.06%,52.15%和58.86%;冬季以酯类化合物相对含量最高,达34.29%。总体来看,黄山松林空气中VOCs萜烯类化合物相对含量较高,有利于发展森林康养产业。     

Triterpenes from the resin of Protium heptaphyllum.

From the neutral fraction of the resin of Protium heptaphyllum, a mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin, a mixture of maniladiol and brein have been isolated as main components, and the novel 3 beta,24-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene (1), 3-oxo-20S-hydroxytaraxastane (2) and 3 beta,20S-dihydroxytaraxastane (3) as minor components. NMR data of the last three compounds are provided.     

Individual variation in low boiling point monoterpenes emitted from hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) needles

Variations in the compositions of low-boilingpoint (LBP) monoterpenes in needle samples of 50 hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees were investigated using the headspace technique. Considerable compositional variations were revealed, especially in sabinene composition. The sabinene composition varied from 4.9% to 78.0% of the total LBP monoterpenes.-Pinene, myrcene, and limonene also showed considerable variations (9.0%–32.7%, 5.5%–22.6%, 3.6%–29.0% respectively). Analysis of the monoterpene composition allowed definition of four chemotypes based on the contingency table test. No correlation was observed between tree size and LBP monoterpene composition, indicating that the compositional variation in LBP monoterpene exists genetically in this population of hinoki.Part of this paper was presented at the 11th annual meeting of the Chugoku Shikoku branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Matsue, September 1999     

High vs. low yielding oleoresin Pinus halepensis Mill. trees GC terpenoids profiling as diagnostic tool

? A discriminant study based on samples taken from high and low yielding oleoresin trees of two Greek populations, Chalkidiki and Euboia, was carried out. Oleoresin of Pinus halepensis Mill. was characterised by GC/MS analysis.

? The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify in detail the composition of the oleoresin of P. halepensis and in particular of high yielding trees (plus trees) (ii) to investigate a potential relationship between the oleoresin compounds and the oleoresin yield and (iii) to investigate any correlations among the compounds.

? About forty monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were identified as main compounds representing 97.40% of the analyzed oleoresin. α-Pinene, methyl abietate, abietic acid, palustric acid, isopimaric acid and neoabietic acid were the major compounds. Efficient discrimination was achieved between the two populations and between the two groups of trees (high and low yielding). In both cases, the differentiation was due to the quantitative variability of certain compounds. High positive correlations were found among certain compounds.

? The results suggest that the oleoresin profile is a useful tool for the discrimination of trees according to their provenance or their oleoresin yield.

     

Microwave pyrolysis of cellulosic materials for the production of anhydrosugars

Large-scale microwave rapid pyrolysis of cellulosic materials has been investigated. Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro--d-glucopyranose) was obtained from a larch log as the main anhydrosugar in 2.6% yield on the basis of dry wood weight. This yield would be much higher than that obtainable by conventional pyrolysis in the largescale reaction. Levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy--D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose) was found to be produced in one-quarter the amount of levoglucosan. Other anhydrosugars, such as mannosan (1,6-anhydro--D-mannopyranose), galactosan (1,6-anhydro--d-galactopyranose), and xylosan (1,4-anhydro--d-xylopyranose), were also confirmed to be produced as minor components depending on the proportion of the monosaccharide content in the larch. When microwave pyrolysis of used papers and filter papers was performed, the yields of levoglucosan were about 6% and 12%, respectively, suggesting that a higher content of cellulose gives a larger amount of levoglucosan.     

Triterpenes from Adiantum lunulactum

The petrol extract of the whole plant of Adiantum lunuactum yielded a new hopane triterpenoid characterized as 6 alpha-acetoxy-16 beta,22-dihydroxy-3-ketoisohopane, along with the known 3beta,6 alpha,16 beta,22-tetrahydroxyisohopane (mollugogenol A). The structures were elucidated by spectral as well as chemical studies.