混饲对吡喹酮在草鱼体内药动学和生物利用度的影响

为了探明混饲对吡喹酮在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)体内药动学参数的影响,分别采用口灌和静注不同的给药方式,在合适的时间点采集样品,经样品处理,采用超高效液相色谱仪进行检测,利用3P97药代动力学软件计算参数。结果显示:口灌吡喹酮原药时符合一级吸收二室开放模型,分布半衰期(t1/2α)、消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))、达峰时间(T_(max))、药时曲线下面积(AUC)和生物利用度(F)分别为1.2 h、18.1 h、0.4 h、19 885.8μg·h/L和47.0%。口灌吡喹酮和饲料混合物,其相应参数t_(1/2α)、t_(1/2β)、AUC和F分别为0.4 h、8.6 h、0.6 h、14671.7μg·h/L和34.7%。通过比较发现口灌吡喹酮原型药物分布半衰期、消除半衰期、药时曲线下面积和生物利用度显著高于混饲,混饲吡喹酮达峰时间要明显高于口灌原形药物。     

单剂量口灌阿维菌素在草鱼体内的药动学及残留研究

按0.1 mg/kg的剂量给草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)灌服阿维菌素,用高效液相色谱法检测用药后不同时间的血浆、肌肉和肝脏中的药物浓度,然后用3P97药代动力学软件处理药时数据,对药物在草鱼体内药动学及组织残留进行研究.结果表明:单剂量口灌阿维菌素在草鱼血浆中主要药动学参数为:AUC 1 6...     

新三黄液在草鱼体内的药动学研究

以新三黄液中黄柏的主要成分小檗碱,大黄的主要成分大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚为指标,通过建立高效液相色谱法对新三黄液在健康草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)体内的药代动力学过程进行了研究。结果显示,健康草鱼单剂量灌服新三黄液后,小檗碱、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚在草鱼体内的药动学过程均符合一级吸收一室模型(权重=1/CC)。4种成分在草鱼体内的吸收良好,分布较广泛。     

氟苯尼考在猪体内混饲给药药动学研究

选取保育舍25日龄仔猪6头,一次性混饲给药66mg/kg氟苯尼考后,进行药物代谢动力学研究,所得数据经PKS药动学分析软件进行处理。结果表明:混饲给药氟苯尼考后,血药浓度与时间关系均符合二室开放模型,其主要药代动力学参数如下:T1/2β为(25.54±6.66)h,CL/F为(3.87×10-3±9.98×10-5)L/(kg.h),Vd/f为(1.4206±0.3349)L/kg,AUC为(230.878±5.955)mg/(h.L),LagTime为(0.1777±0.2514)h,Tmax为(1.3828±0.6463)h,Cmax为(7.4419±0.1207)μg/mL。从以上参数可以看出,保育舍仔猪一次性混饲给药后,氟苯尼考仍表现出吸收迅速、广泛和消除较慢的特点,与直接口灌给药方式比较,混饲给药的最高血药浓度较低,但消除半衰期明显延长,二者的生物利用度相当。     

姜黄提取散中姜黄素在草鱼体内的药代动力学及组织分布

为了研究姜黄提取散中姜黄素在草鱼体内的药代动力学及组织分布规律,对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idel-lus)按每千克鱼体重单剂量口灌100 mg姜黄提取散后,采用液相色谱-质谱联用法测定不同时间点草鱼各组织中姜黄素含量,用药代动力学分析软件(WinNonlin5.2.1)处理药-时数据.结果显示:该检测...     

亚硝酸盐对草鱼红细胞渗透脆性的影响

研究不同浓度亚硝酸盐(0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/L)及不同处理时间(24、72、120、168、264 h)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)红细胞渗透脆性的影响.结果表明:与对照组比较,实验各组草鱼红细胞脆性最小抵抗值、最大抵抗值极显著升高(P＜0.01); 2.0 mg/L浓度组红细胞渗...     

壳聚糖对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

在草鱼饲料中添加不同剂量的壳聚糖,连续投喂42 d,研究壳聚糖对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,壳聚糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,并能降低MDA含量。结果表明,饲料中添加5 g/kg的壳聚糖对草鱼的非特异性免疫功能有最好的促进作用。     

氯氰菊酯暴露对草鱼4种器官组织结构的影响

通过氯氰菊酯对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼(9.30±0.48)g的急性毒性实验及对鳃、肝、肾、脾的组织学研究,探讨了随着氯氰菊酯浓度的增加以及暴露时间的延长草鱼组织结构损伤的变化趋势.结果显示:氯氰菊酯对草鱼种的48 h-LC50和96 h-LC50分别为55.21μg/L和25.00...     

硫辛酸对草鱼脂肪细胞脂质含量及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了探究硫辛酸对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)脂肪细胞脂质代谢的影响,分离草鱼腹腔脂肪组织,消化得到脂肪细胞进行体外培养,分别用0、50和200μmol/L硫辛酸孵育细胞6 h,收取细胞和培养基样品后检测细胞甘油三酯(TG)含量、甘油和非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)释放量及脂代谢相关基因表达。结果显示:50和200μmol/L硫辛酸处理显著降低草鱼脂肪细胞TG含量,200μmol/L硫辛酸显著增加细胞甘油和NEFA的释放量。200μmol/L硫辛酸组脂肪细胞脂肪分解相关基因(HSL、PPARα、CPT1、CD36)mRNA表达显著高于对照组,且ACC和PPARγ的mRNA表达水平显著上升,ATGL、MGL、SREBP-1c、FAS、DGAT等脂代谢基因表达状况无显著变化。综上所述,硫辛酸可能通过诱导草鱼脂肪细胞HSL和CPT1的基因表达促进脂质水解和β-氧化,从而降低脂肪细胞脂质含量。     

饲料中添加不同水平的维生素D3对草鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响

本文以酪蛋白和脱脂豆粕为蛋白源,糊精为糖源,玉米油和豆油为脂肪源的半纯化饲料为基础饲料,研究维生素D3对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼生长及体成分的影响。维生素D3共设0,100,200,500,1000,2000,3000 IU/kg 7个添加梯度,每一梯度设3个重复,每个重复放养60尾初始体质量(3.86±0.34)g的草鱼,在(26.9±3)℃的流水系统中养殖8周。结果显示:维生素D3对草鱼幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、存活率、体水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量和血清钙浓度没有显著性影响(P>0.05);对照组和添加100 IU/kg维生素D3的试验组中,草鱼幼鱼的粗灰分显著低于其它试验组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲料中添加维生素D3对全鱼钙磷含量、血清磷离子浓度以及碱性磷酸酶活性影响显著(P<0.05)。根据维生素D3对全鱼钙磷含量的影响,草鱼幼鱼饲料中维生素D3适宜的添加量为1000 IU/kg。     

草鱼鱼种对胆碱需要量的研究

用不含胆碱的饲料饲养草鱼鱼种，草鱼鱼种生长减慢，饲料效率降低，肝脏脂肪浸润，血浆总脂，甘油三脂，胆固醇和磷脂含量降低，随着饲料中胆碱含量的添加，草鱼生长和饲料效率改善，肝脏脂肪含量降低，血浆总脂、甘油三脂、胆固醇，磷脂含量回升。当饲料中胆碱添加量达到０．３％以上时，草鱼生长率最高，肝脏脂肪含量，血浆总脂、甘油三脂，胆固醇，磷脂与摄食天然饲料（浮萍）的草鱼基本相同。在本研究条件下，建议草鱼鱼种饲料中     

基因重组草鱼生长激素(r-gGH)对草鱼鱼种生长的促进作用

家蚕多角体病毒表达系统在家蚕体内表达基因重组的草鱼生长激素(r-gGH),具有与天然草鱼生长激素(GH)相似的免疫原性和生物活性。为了节省基因工程研究中的下游工作 (基因产物的分离和提纯),本研究将含有r-gGH的家蚕直接作为饵料源,冻干并磨碎后拌在饵料中投喂草鱼鱼种,通过养殖实验及生化测定分析对比r-gGH促进草鱼鱼种生长的剂量依存关系,筛选活性强的处理剂量和处理时间,期望为鱼类养殖生产提供一种较为经济、来源容易、方法简易而又切实可行的促进鱼种生长并且可以大规模应用的方式。实验结果表明,投喂含有r-gGH的家蚕,有相当一部分被鱼体消化道吸收,进入血液循环。投喂2 h和6 h 后,草鱼鱼种的血清GH水平均显著高于对照组(投喂基本饲料)和投喂正常家蚕组;每天投喂和隔2天投喂,均使草鱼鱼种的血清GH水平显著升高,并对草鱼鱼种生长都有明显的促进作用。短期(3 d)和长期(42 d)投喂含有r-gGH 的家蚕,无论是低剂量(10 mg·g^-1饲料)还是高剂量(20 mg·g^-1饲料),均极其显著地提高草鱼鱼种的血清GH水平;长期(42 d)投喂亦对草鱼鱼种的生长有显著的促进作用,鱼体的相对体重增长率、相对体长增长率、食物转化率和肥满度显著增加。     

抗病草鱼苗种养殖技术

草鱼是我国主要的淡水养殖品种之一,在水产养殖业中占有重要地位.但由于长期的人工繁殖,草鱼种质严重衰退,品种质量降低,生长速度减慢,特别是养殖过程中病害严重.     

Bacterial communities in Chinese grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) farming ponds

Bacterial communities in the water column and sediment of 12 commercial grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) farming ponds were analysed. At the same time, physical and chemical environmental parameters were measured, including secchi depth (SD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn). From 12 water samples and 12 sediment samples, 39 different ribotypes were detected with PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE). The ribotype richness showed that bacterial species in the water column differed among these ponds, and the result of sequencing further revealed the dominant and common bacterial species. In total, 32 bacterial species belonging to seven phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres and Fusobacteria) were identified. Ordination via canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) on the DGGE data and environmental parameters indicated that the composition of bacterial community was significantly influenced by SD.     

Identification,characterization and feeding response of peptide YYb (PYYb) gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

The peptide YYb (PYYb) is a fish-specific peptide belonging to the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequence and genomic structure of PYYb (gcPYYb) from Ctenopharyngodon idellus have been isolated and characterized. The gcPYYb gene consists of three exons interspaced by two introns, opposing to the typical architecture of most NPY-family genes as well as its paralogs. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the fish PYYb is more variable compared to NPY and PYY as shown by more residue changes in teleosts lineage, suggesting mild selective pressure imposed on the peptide. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis shows the gcPYYb mRNA in developing larvae is increased during the mixed endo- and exogenous-feeding period and is widely distributed throughout the intestine of fully grown individuals. Following a single meal, the gcPYYb mRNA in foregut is increased at 3 h post-feeding and subsequently decreased before the foregut contents are cleared. These results suggest that the gcPYYb has an important role in the early life stages of grass carp and is involved in food intake by transmitting feeding-related signals.     

投喂蚕豆对草鱼生长及肌肉营养特性分析

分别用配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆和发芽蚕豆喂养平均体重(1000±20)g草鱼70d,分析投喂蚕豆对草鱼生长及肌肉营养的影响。结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组的草鱼增重率分别为79.5%、40.32%和50.10%,饵料系数分别为2.11、4.78和4.31,投喂蚕豆降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.05),显著增加了饵料系数(P<0.05)。与配合饲料组相比,浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组肌肉中粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05)。浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组的必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量比配合饲料组显著提高(P<0.05)。投喂蚕豆降低了草鱼的生长性能,但是显著提高了草鱼肌肉品质。投喂发芽蚕豆的效果要优于投喂浸泡蚕豆。     

A review of intestinal microbes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes)

Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, harbours complex intestinal bacterial communities, which are important in several physiological processes of their host. Intestinal microbiota of grass carp have been previously described in numerous studies. However, an overview on the bacterial community diversity, including their establishment, their functions in host's nutritional processes and immune‐related responses, and use as probiotics, is absent. This study aimed to summarize the current understanding of the grass carp intestinal microbiota. In this review, we provide general information on the establishment and composition of intestinal microbial communities and factors influencing the diversity of gut microbiota. Also, this review covers the dietary effects of probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics on the grass carp intestinal microbial communities and physiological characteristics. Although our knowledge of the grass carp intestinal microbiota is expanding rapidly, further studies on the factors affecting the diversity of intestinal microbes, interactions between intestinal microbiota and their hosts and application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics in aquaculture industry, are needed.