云南马铃薯脱毒微型薯的高效生产技术

我国在70年代，就用茎尖组织培养方法得到了脱毒马铃薯试管苗，并成功地获得脱毒复壮的马铃薯，开始了脱毒马铃薯种薯的生产和推广。实践证明，脱毒马铃薯种薯的生产体系，是建立在基于解决优良品种种性退化，并大面积推广健康优良品种上的一种非常有效的生物技术措施。其所生产的脱毒马铃薯种薯增产效果很好，一般增产30％以上，但是，由于马铃薯脱毒种薯的生产成本较高，而马铃薯的产区又大多是贫困的冷凉地区。马铃薯种植户难于接受脱毒马铃薯的昂贵价格，这就限制了脱毒技术的普及和推广。我们根据云南省的自然条件、农业的生产机制和技术水平，总结出了一套适合云南省实情的马铃薯脱毒微型薯的高效生产技术。这套生产技术的应用将使马铃薯脱毒种薯的生产成本大幅度降低，促进马铃薯脱毒种薯的普及和推广。     

马铃薯脱毒及微型薯繁育技术体系的研究与应用

介绍了马铃薯茎尖脱毒及微型薯繁育技术的发展概况,对马铃薯脱毒种薯生产中的茎尖分生组织诱导成脱毒苗、马铃薯脱毒试管苗的快繁和试管薯的生产以及马铃薯脱毒小薯的生产等关键技术进行了综述,同时还对脱毒马铃薯的病毒检测技术作了简单的介绍。     

高海拔冷凉山区马铃薯脱毒微型种薯原种繁殖技术

马铃薯采用无性繁殖，容易被病毒侵染引起种性退化，马铃薯脱毒技术是目前世界上最为先进的种薯生产技术，它通过茎尖培养获得无病毒植株，能从根本上解决马铃薯因病毒感染而引起的退化问题。近年来脱毒微型薯已被广泛应用于马铃薯脱毒种薯的生产，所以对河西走廊高海拔冷凉山区马铃薯微型薯种薯的田间栽培技术进行研究探讨有着重要的现实意义。     

马铃薯脱毒种薯的采收与分级包装技术

近几年,无土栽培生产马铃薯微型种薯技术的广泛推广,对我国马铃薯产业提升、种薯生产工艺的发展以及种薯种性提高发挥了重要作用。围绕马铃薯脱毒微型种薯采收、分级与包装,结合不同时期的陇薯系列马铃薯脱毒种薯特征特性及其对温度、湿度的要求和甘肃谓源高寒阴湿区气候气象特征．提出马铃薯脱毒种薯采收、分级与包装技术,旨在为马铃薯脱毒种薯工厂化生产提供技术支持。     

察右中旗脱毒种薯生产存在的问题和解决对策

利用马铃薯茎尖脱毒技术,开展无病毒马铃薯种薯生产,解决了马铃薯因病毒病退化而减产的问题,从而使国内外马铃薯产量有了大幅度的提高.荷兰、加拿大、英国等发达国家,均有完整的脱毒种薯生产体系,种薯质量得到了保证,实现了稳产高产.而我国单产仅1 000 kg·667 m-2左右,低于世界平均单产1 300～2000 kg·667 m-2,相当于高产国的1/3.为此,搞好马铃薯脱毒种薯生产,对于提高我地马铃薯产量,缩短和发达国家产量差距,加快发展农业经济意义十分重大.要做这项工作,马铃薯脱毒种薯生产应该走依法经营,标准化生产,市场化运转之路.     

二季区脱毒马铃薯快繁技术

<正>马铃薯的种性退化是生产中造成马铃薯产量逐年下降的主要原因,而马铃薯脱毒技术则能显著提高其产量,脱毒种薯比普适种薯一般增产30％～50％,高者一倍以上。脱毒后的种薯在繁殖过程中,普遍存在着不可避免地受病毒感染并逐代积累、加重,最后完全失去脱毒作用的问题。因此,马铃薯脱毒后,在扩繁过程中能否控制和减轻病毒侵染、短期内生产出大量可以满足大田生产需要的优质脱毒种薯,是马铃薯脱毒技术能否在生产上充     

昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司简介

<正>克山昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司是克山县全面落实黑龙江省"努力把我省建设成马铃薯优质种薯产销大省,鲜食薯产销大省和马铃薯加工大省的产业政策"并充分体现克山县提出的"做强种薯,带动商品薯和加工薯,三薯同步进去市场的发展战略"而全力打造的一家集马铃薯种薯研发、脱毒种薯生产、良种繁育推广、商品薯生产收购、农副产品深加工、保鲜冷冻储藏、汽铁冷链物流配送、市场营销网络覆盖、电子商务交易于一体的生态农业、高新技术马铃薯专业公司。集团公司下设克山昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司、克山昆丰公司种薯研发中心和种薯生产基地、克山昆丰马铃薯专业合作联社、克山昆丰马铃薯及农副产品深加工区、冷链物流配送中心和鲜食薯、蔬菜配送中心哈尔滨办事处。     

定西市马铃薯脱毒种薯生产技术

<正>马铃薯茎尖脱毒技术是目前防治马铃薯病毒病的有效方法之一,世界上许多国家利用此方法开展了无病毒马铃薯种薯生产,解决了马铃薯因病毒病造成优良性状退化而减产的问题,使产量得到了大幅度的提高。近几年我市在马铃薯脱毒种薯生产技术方面做了大量研究工作,总结了一整套先进适用的马铃薯脱毒种薯生产技术。     

内蒙古西部区马铃薯脱毒种薯快速繁育的研究

内蒙古自治区是我国马铃薯重要的种薯生产基地，从７０年代初期开始研究脱毒种薯生产技术，８０代已在生产上大面积推广应用，增产效果极为显著。内蒙古农科院马铃薯小作物所在原有研究工作的基础上，在ＵＮＤＰ及农业部两项目的资助下，对脱毒小薯快速繁育的一些关键技术措施进行了系统的研究，现已研究出一套快速繁育脱上薯的生产技术；试管苗采用简化培养基切段快繁脱毒苗剪枝扦插快速育苗。基础苗以蛭石为基质采用Ａ２营养液４ｄ     

马铃薯脱毒苗网室无土立体栽培技术研究

马铃薯脱毒苗网室无土立体栽培技术研究高慧君，陈涛（四川省凉山州西昌农科所６１５０００）１前言随着抗马铃薯癌肿病脱毒微型薯工厂化生产规模的逐步扩大和脱毒薯的不断推广应用，西昌脱毒微型薯良种繁育中心仅有的６００ｍ２网室面积与年生产脱毒微型种薯任务量大的矛...     

黑龙江省马铃薯生产企业发展现状与发展对策

黑龙江省是我国马铃薯的主要产地和加工基地,具有重要的地位。但是由于黑龙江省马铃薯生产企业在发展过程中存在种薯繁育体系和质量检测不健全,马铃薯基地建设与加工业发展链条不紧,加工增值环节薄弱,加工产品单一等问题,导致马铃薯产业发展缓慢。因此,如何解决以上的问题成为提高全省马铃薯企业的竞争力和推动马铃薯产业发展的关键途径。     

恩施自治州马铃薯产业现状、问题及对策

本文分析了恩施自治州马铃薯产业发展的优势:地理环境优势、气候条件优势、科学技术优势、交通优势、政策扶持优势等;指出了存在的主要问题:品种结构不合理、种薯质量不合格、农民的换种意识不强、种植规模小、劳动力缺乏、加工企业少,加工链不长等;提出了进一步发展的建议:建立科技支撑平台、加大政府宣传、加大资金投入、完善种薯推广机构、引进扶持加工企业等。     

黑龙江省马铃薯生产现状及发展对策

黑龙江省马铃薯由于单产水平不高,耕作栽培管理原始粗放,导致马铃薯生产发展停滞不前。因此,加大力度普及优质种薯,鼓励高品质种薯的大面积种植,加强科技培训和技术指导,真正实现马铃薯种植的现代化,可以进一步提高黑龙江省马铃薯产业的竞争力,快速推动黑龙江省马铃薯生产的发展。     

Potato viruses in China

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is globally the fourth largest staple crop after rice, wheat and maize. China is the largest potato producer worldwide, accounting for 26.3% and 22.2% of the global total area and yield, respectively. Viral diseases have been a limiting factor for sustainable production of potato in China. This article provides update and comprehensive information on the most important viruses, their effect on yield and their control in China. Meristem culture is currently the most widely used technique for production of virus-free potato plants and these plants are used as nuclear stock for the production of certified seed tubers. Although a significant increase in tuber yield has been achieved using certified seed potatoes, lack of application of a national seed potato production scheme has hindered progress. Conventional breeding using virus-resistant cultivars introduced from other countries as parents has already led to the production of Chinese cultivars. Use of virus-resistant wild Solanum species and genetic transformation techniques will provide new virus-resistant varieties in the future to further enhance control of potato viruses in China.     

Seed Potato Production in Poland

The aim of this research was to analyze the regional distribution and quality of potato seed production in Poland from 2007 to 2011. The research was based on 10,559 tuber samples taken for the official post-harvest inspection assessment of seed potato lots. A very detailed map of seed plantation locations in Poland was created at the municipality level. The greatest concentration of seed production was from the northern and southern parts of Pomorskie Province, where many seed potatoes were cultivated, and in the north of the Zachodniopomorskie Province, around the towns of Koszalin and Ko?obrzeg. In both provinces, cultivars which were highly susceptible to PVY were cultivated on nearly half of the area. Over time a clear increase in the production of elite material and a decrease in those certified as the lowest category, CB, were observed. The quality of seed potato material was poorest following the harvest in 2008, because of high levels of virus infection; 30 % of the seed lots were not certified. Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) was recorded occasionally and it is at present of no economic importance in Poland. The role of potato virus Y (PVY), increased, probably because of the growth in the share of foreign cultivars (mainly Dutch) which are more susceptible to PVY. There were also changes in the populations of PVY strains. The share of Polish cultivars in potato seed production decreased to 36.3 % in 2012.     

商洛市马铃薯产业发展现状及对策

通过对商洛市马铃薯产业发展现状进行调查,针对存在的产业发展水平低、种薯繁供体系不健全、栽培技术不规范、产业化程度低、资金投入不足等诸多问题进行分析探讨,提出了进一步发展的7条建议:重新定位,确立马铃薯主导产业地位;突出特色,建立马铃薯优势生产基地;培育龙头企业,提高加工能力;建市场,提高商品转化率;加强农业推广体系,提高服务水平;加强领导,形成产业发展氛围;增加投入,实施重大技术补贴制度。     

Potato Production and Breeding in China

China is the world’s leading producer of potatoes, growing 22% of all potatoes. Production continues to rise, owing to increases in both land devoted to potato production and yield per hectare. Most potato production occurs in the northern and southwest regions of the country. The processing of coarse starch is the most important component of the potato processing industry in China, but other processing industries, such as crisps and French fries, are expanding. Major production constraints include inadequate germplasm resources for cultivar development, the lack of high quality seed potatoes, and limited access to equipment for mechanized cultivation, planting, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting. Additional weaknesses in storage and transportation technologies must be addressed, as they are the major constraints for the healthy development of the potato industry. The introduction and improvement of these technologies will ensure the sustainable development of the potato industry in China.     

齐齐哈尔市马铃薯产业发展浅析

齐齐哈尔市是黑龙江省马铃薯种植面积最大的地区,其辖区的讷河市、克山县是全国知名的马铃薯种薯种植基地,讷河市是我国最早命名的中国马铃薯之乡。浅析齐齐哈尔市马铃薯鲜食薯产业、种薯产业、淀粉加工产业、食品加工产业的优势,存在的问题,提出了以发展齐齐哈尔市马铃薯鲜食薯产业和种薯产业为重点的马铃薯产业发展思路,马铃薯鲜食、种薯产业需要提高质量,创建品牌;淀粉加工产业的基础比较好,但是仍需要扩大规模,建立稳固的原料来源。     

龙海市马铃薯产业现状及发展建议

龙海市是福建省冬种马铃薯生产的典型区域,具有气候、区位、产后加工和合作组织等优势。经过近20年的发展,龙海市马铃薯产业不断发展、壮大,但还存在着一些不尽人意的地方,建议在品种选择、脱毒种薯、栽培技术应用以及信息平台等方面加大建设,使全市的马铃薯产业更快、更好地发展。     

The potato genetic resources held in trust by the International Potato Center (CIP) in Peru

Summary Potatoes account for about half of the world's annual output of all roots and tubers, and since the early 1960s, the increase in area planted in developing countries has been higher than for any other major food crop. Annual world production currently totals 274 million tons on 18 million hectares, with China and India accounting for 22 percent of this total. In less than a generation, most of the world's potatoes will be harvested in Asia. Africa, or Latin America, where the potato is becoming an increasingly important source of food and its cultivation provides rural employment and income for the growing population. The rapid emergence of processing facilities for the fast food industry, and the indirect influence of improved rice and wheat irrigation systems have also contributed to the expansion of potato production in Asia. The demand is strongest for processing quality potatoes that supply the fast food chains in large urban concentrations where processed potato products fetch top prices. Such increasing demand is putting strong pressure on national and international breeding institutions to produce high quality processing varieties well adapted to the wide array of agro-ecological conditions, in South East Asia in particular. The lack of adequate seed systems in this region is the single most important impediment to the expansion of the cultivation of the crop. Unfavourable agro-ecological conditions interfere with the production of high quality seed in most Asian potato growing areas, and the availability of high quality seed of the right quantity at the right time remains the most consequential bottleneck to efficient potato production. The seed issue is also the principal problem of potato cultivation in the traditional potato growing areas of Central and Eastern Europe. A review of “the development of integrated systems for large scale propagation of elite plants using in vitro techniques” with specific focus on “potato seed production by tissue culture” is therefore very timely. It provides a platform for analysis and discussion of solutions for some of the most common seed problems facing the potato industry in many parts of the word. All efforts to improve the potato crop and to solve the associated seed problems begin with the right choice and use of the available genetic resources. Resistance to certain pests and diseases has a direct bearing on the success of a seed program. Multiple virus resistance, in particular, would ensure a halt to seed degeneration caused by an accumulation of viruses and thus greatly prolong the ability of seed producers and ware potato growing farmers to grow their crops at great economic benefit. This paper will therefore deal with the current status of the World Potato Collection held in trust by the International Potato Center (CIP) in Peru by presenting up-to-date information on its classification, phytosanitary status and availability of the genetic material and its evaluation data to the breeders worldwide.