酵母抽提物替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究酵母抽提物部分或全部替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共选160头体重([6.20±0.10)kg]和日龄([26±2)d]相近的PIC断奶仔猪,分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组(处理1)饲喂基础日粮,处理2饲喂含4%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,处理3饲喂含2%SDPP+2%酵母抽提物的日粮,处理4饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮。试验期为28 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮能促进仔猪生长,试验全期仔猪日增重提高15%(P<0.05),饲料增重比降低7%(P<0.05);与含4%或2%SDPP日粮组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮并没有显著影响仔猪平均日采食量和日增重,但饲料增重比在试验前3周和试验全期均得到显著改善(降低7%～10%,P<0.05)。因此,酵母抽提物能促进断奶仔猪生长,部分或全部替代SDPP不影响仔猪增重,且能改善饲料转化率。     

喷雾干燥破膜血球蛋白粉替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验采用单因子试验设计,选择60头(28±2)日龄断奶、体重(7.36±0.73)kg二元杂交仔猪,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别饲喂用0、1%、1.5%血球蛋白粉等蛋白质取代仔猪饲粮中鱼粉的饲粮,研究血球蛋白粉部分替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。通过28d的试验表明,添加1.5%和1%血球蛋白粉组,与对照组相比可以提高平均日增重、降低料重比和腹泻率。血球蛋白粉可部分替代鱼粉,且对仔猪的生长性能有一定的促进作用,节约饲料成本,提高经济效益。     

酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能的影响。选取32头体重(4.28 kg±0.60 kg)和日龄(18 d)相近杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每重复1栏猪,每栏4头猪。血浆蛋白组饲喂含4%进口血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,酵母水解物组饲喂含2%酵母水解物+2%SDPP日粮。试验期为14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,酵母水解物组与血浆蛋白组相比,早期断奶仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)未出现显著性差异(P>0.05),平均日增重(ADG)有提高的趋势(P=0.09),料肉比(F/G)显著性降低(P<0.05)。因此,该酵母水解物能够作为一种血浆蛋白粉的替代原料,部分替代SDPP不影响仔猪采食和增重,且能改善饲料转化效率。     

饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。     

两种血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能的影响研究

选取6窝(60头)7日龄杜长大仔猪,随机分成A、B组,分别饲喂添加3%普通血浆蛋白粉GAP701、高免低灰分血浆蛋白粉GAP881的2种试验日粮,研究两种血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能和对抑制仔猪腹泻的影响,试验分为断奶前(7～26日龄)和断奶后(27～36日粮)两个阶段。结果表明,高免低灰分血浆蛋白粉GAP881的饲喂效果好于普通血浆蛋白粉GAP701,能显著提高早期断奶仔猪的日平均增重(P<0.05),提高日平均采食量,降低料重比。     

不同来源酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在对比探索不同来源酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选取48头体重[(4.28±0.60)kg]和日龄(18 d)相近杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每重复4头猪。血浆蛋白组饲喂含4%进口血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)饲粮,纯培养酵母水解物组饲喂含2%纯培养酵母水解物+2%SDPP饲粮,啤酒酵母水解物组饲喂含2%啤酒酵母水解物+2%SDPP饲粮。试验期为14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,纯培养酵母水解物组与血浆蛋白组相比,断奶仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均无显著性差异(P0.05);啤酒酵母水解物组断奶仔猪ADFI和ADG均显著低于纯培养酵母水解物组和血浆蛋白组(P0.05),料重比(F/G)显著高于纯培养酵母水解物组(P0.05)。啤酒酵母水解物在断奶仔猪上的使用效果显著低于纯培养酵母水解物,不能部分替代血浆蛋白粉;纯培养酵母水解物能够作为一种血浆蛋白粉的替代原料。     

小肽替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为对比小肽与血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,选取240头24日龄的杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组添加3％血浆蛋白粉,试验组添加5％小肽制品,进行为期14d的试验,结果表明小肽组的仔猪日采食量、日增重、料重比、单位增重饲料成本等均好于血浆蛋白粉组,可见,在断奶仔猪日粮中采用小肽制品替代血浆蛋白粉应是可行的。     

马铃薯蛋白粉对断奶仔猪的应用效果研究

选择30日龄断奶体重为(6.94±0.69)kg的二元杂种商品仔猪184头,按照窝别、性别、体重相近的原则分为5组,饲喂不含马铃薯蛋白粉的基础饲粮和以2%、4%、6%的马铃薯蛋白粉及4%的血浆蛋白粉等氮替代基础饲粮中豆粕的饲粮,每组4～5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,进行28d的饲养试验。试验第15d称重后,每个重复选择1头体重接近该圈平均体重的仔猪前腔静脉采血,测定血液生化指标;试验第15～18d,以圈为单位,收集粪样,测定蛋白质表观消化率。研究马铃薯蛋白粉在断奶仔猪上的应用效果,确定其适宜添加量。结果表明,饲粮中添加2%马铃薯蛋白粉组,与基础饲粮组相比,试验全期可以提高日增重6.14%(P>0.05)、降低料重比10%(P<0.01),降低腹泻率6.24个百分点(P>0.05),效果相当于甚至优于4%血浆蛋白粉。饲粮中添加4%和6%马铃薯蛋白粉,仔猪生长性能显著或极显著低于基础饲粮组。但6%马铃薯蛋白粉组蛋白质表观消化率高于基础饲粮组和2%马铃薯蛋白粉组(P<0.05),血浆蛋白粉组蛋白质表观消化率略高于基础饲粮组(P>0.05);2%马铃薯蛋白粉组血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶含量最高;4%血浆蛋白粉组血清尿素氮显著低于基础饲粮组,极显著低于马铃薯蛋白粉组;6%马铃薯蛋白粉组谷丙转氨酶活性高于4%、2%马铃薯蛋白粉组(P<0.05);各个处理血液谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸含量以及谷草转氨酶活性差异不显著。由此结论,马铃薯蛋白粉在断奶仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加量为2%。     

酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究酵母水解物全部替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验选取96头体质量和日龄相近的(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪,随机分为2个处理组,每处理4个重复,每重复1栏,每栏12头猪。血浆蛋白组饲喂含4%进口血浆蛋白粉日粮,酵母水解物组饲喂含4%酵母水解物日粮。试验期14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,酵母水解物组与血浆蛋白组相比,断奶仔猪采食量、生长速度及饲料转化率均未出现显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,该酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能无不良影响。     

不同血浆蛋白粉饲喂断奶仔猪效果试验

选取144头（25±3）日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头。对照组饲喂不含血浆蛋白粉的基础饲粮,禽血浆蛋白粉组、猪血浆蛋白粉组和复合血浆蛋白粉组分别饲喂3种血浆蛋白粉添加量均为4％的试验饲粮,研究不同血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和蓝耳病病毒抗体效价的影响。试验结果表明,禽血浆蛋白粉组仔猪血清中白蛋白含量、IgG含量和蓝耳病病毒抗体效价均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,禽血浆蛋白粉组与猪血浆蛋白粉组在仔猪血液生化指标、蓝耳病病毒抗体效价指标方面均无显著差异（P〉0．05）,各血浆蛋白粉均能够延长仔猪蓝耳病病毒抗体效价消长。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …