药剂防治花生病毒病试验报告

试验结果说明,应用治毒灵浸种,对黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）在花生中种传有抑制作用;对由花生条纹病（ＰＳｔＶ）引起的花生轻斑驳病防治效果达４９．５％左右,ＮＳ－８３、植病灵、抗蚜威、氧化乐果和甲胺磷防效较差。应用病毒Ａ、病毒必克和植病灵Ⅱ号防治ＣＭＶ引起的花生黄花叶病害效果分别为３８．８％、２８．７％和２３．３％,经新复极差分析,未达显著水平。     

多效灵浸种防治花生苗期病害及增产效应研究

通过不同浓度多效灵花生浸种试验,花生播种时用400～500倍多效灵水溶液浸种效果最佳,苗期病害发病率大大降低,且显著增加花生产量;与云大120、花生拌种剂进行对比试验,多效灵防病、增产效果最好.     

种衣剂沿江3号防治棉苗病害及对棉花生长发育的影响

通过室内活性测定及田间小区试验，证明种衣剂沿江３号对立枯病的毒力效果略高于该地区常用的灵福种衣剂，对炭疽病的毒力效果则明显高于灵福种衣剂。棉子使用沿江３号包衣后，出苗率接近于对照，死苗率低于对照，防病保苗效果及成钵率均高于对照药剂灵福种衣剂、炭枯净拌种剂     

几种药剂对小麦黄矮病的防治效果

为明确病毒抑制剂对小麦黄矮病的预防和防治效果,在小麦起身期将大麦黄矮病毒GAV株系接种于小麦陕恳9740上,喷施杀虫剂(2.5%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2000倍液)与病毒抑制剂(20%病毒A可湿性粉剂500倍液、3.95%病毒必克可湿性粉剂500倍液、5%菌毒清水剂500倍液和2%菌克毒克水剂300倍液)的不同组合,于小麦开花期统计发病率、病情指数和小麦叶片黄化率,结果表明,各组合均能早期预防和防治小麦黄矮病发生和发展,且预防效果优于防治效果,其中病毒必克与吡虫啉组合的平均预防和防治效果最显著,分别为58.08%和53.03%.进一步利用病毒必克在室内进行防治性试验,发现病毒必克能够抑制GAV对叶绿素的破坏,可减轻大麦黄矮病毒对小麦的危害.     

药剂种子消毒对麦类散黑穗病和其他种传染病害的防治效果

麦类作物通过种子传染的病害很多,如散黑穗病、腥黑穗病、大麦条纹病、赤霉病等。麦类作物传统的种子消毒方法是温汤浸种和有机汞制剂处理。本试验研究了各种新的种子消毒剂对各种麦类病害的防治效果和使用方法。 (1)大麦散黑穗病:迄今,除了温汤浸种法外,没有适合的种子消毒法,作者试验用苯菌双可湿性剂(苯菌灵和福美双的混合剂)按种子干重0.3～1.0％的药量拌种,或用该剂20倍液浸种10分钟,100倍液浸种3小时,200     

种子不同处理对水稻干尖线虫病危害的影响

通过小区对比试验,探讨了种子不同处理对水稻干尖线虫病危害的影响。结果表明:采用20%稻乐丰乳油1 000倍液+10%浸种灵5 000倍液浸种消毒防病效果最好,干尖线虫病穴发病率仅为0～3.4%;其次是80%敌敌畏乳油1 000倍液+10%浸种灵5 000倍液浸种消毒,病穴发病率为0～13.2%;去掉种子颖壳用纸隔离后播种,对干尖线虫病的防治效果位居第三,病害穴发病率0～21.4%。水稻遭受干尖线虫病危害,由于单位面积收获穗数、颖花量、结实率、千粒重均有一定程度的降低,进而造成了水稻的大幅度减产。     

不同药剂防治杂交水稻制种稻粒黑粉病的效果

试验结果表明,神力灭黑灵、灭黑灵、黑粉净三种复配剂对稻粒黑粉病的防治效果好,能明显提高结实率和增加制种产量。     

快杀灵二号等新农药防治棉铃虫试验

在目前诸多防治棉铃虫的复配药剂中，为探索了解快杀灵二号新农药防治棉铃虫高龄幼虫效果，特设此试验，现将结果报告如下：1材料与方法1．1供试药剂（1）快杀灵二号（25％硫氰乳油）--江苏丰山集团公司提供；（2）霸王一号40％乳油--安微和县农药厂提供；（3）铃霸40％乳油--江西南昌赣丰化工厂提供；（4）辉丰一号（45％辛、甲、三氟氯氰乳油）--江苏大丰县农化厂辉丰农药厂提供。1．2试验处理（1）快杀灵二号1000倍（2）快杀灵二号1500倍（3）霸王一号1000倍（4）霸王一号1500倍（5）铃霸1000倍（6）铃霸1500倍（7）辉丰一号1000倍（8）…     

提高水稻不育系丰源A种子发芽率的技术探讨

对提早收割的丰源A南繁种子进行了不同浸种和催芽方法试验,结果表明,采用变温处理及赤霉素、强氯精溶液浸种对解除种子休眠均有一定效果,能在一定程度上提高种子发芽率;特别是用150倍强氯精溶液浸种12 h加煤灰拌种催芽,可达到种子消毒杀菌及安全快速催芽效果.     

平菇绿霉菌新型抑制复配剂的研发

[目的]研发抑制平菇绿霉菌新型复配剂。[方法]通实验室试验得到对绿霉菌抑制效果最好的新型复配剂,并将复配剂用于抑制绿霉菌生长的试验中。根据试验结论选出复配剂应用于生产试验,用以改善目前绿霉菌对平菇的危害现状。[结果]多菌灵及复配剂对绿霉菌均有抑制作用,但强弱不同,一般浓度越高,效果越好,浓度低,绿霉菌不但菌斑大,而且菌丝生长迅速。而且复配剂效果更好,以浓度30%多菌灵、浓度60%多霉灵及浓度50%甲基托布津复配剂(5∶4∶1)效果最好。[结论]使用新型复配剂在相同成本的前提下能够实现一定程度的增产增收。     

Comparison of topical triamcinolone and oral atorvastatin in treatment of paederus dermatitis Northern Iran

Dermatitis caused by stimulation of beetle paederus, is a common health problem in Northern and some southern parts of Iran. Since by now, traditional medicine and some corticosteroid agents have been used for treatment of dermatitis caused by beetle paederus. Because, there are few researches about classical treatment of the disease at academic level, this study planned to compare the effectiveness of triamcinolone ointment and atorvastatin tablet with placebo in treatment ofpaederus dermatitis in Northern Iran. A randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients referred to the hospital and clinics at Sari and Neka countries in Northern Iran during 6 months. Patients were randomly divided into two therapeutic equal groups. The first group was triamcinolone ointment twice a day and a placebo atorvastatin tablet daily. The second group was oral atorvastatin one tablet (20 mg) daily and a placebo triamcinolone ointment twice a day. In Seventh day of visits, therapeutic response of the patients in triamcinolone and atorvastatin group were 93.33 and 80%, respectively. No significant differences were found in therapeutic outcome between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results showed both oftriamcinolone ointment and oral atorvastatin had similar effect on paederus dermatitis. Because the paederus dermatitis is a self-limited disease use of topical therapy for treatment of the disease is recommend.     

Exploiting the Nephrotoxic Effects of Venom from the Sea Anemone, Phyllodiscus semoni, to Create a Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Model in the Rat

In the natural world, there are many creatures with venoms that have interesting and varied activities. Although the sea anemone, a member of the phylum Coelenterata, has venom that it uses to capture and immobilise small fishes and shrimp and for protection from predators, most sea anemones are harmless to man. However, a few species are highly toxic; some have venoms containing neurotoxins, recently suggested as potential immune-modulators for therapeutic application in immune diseases. Phyllodiscus semoni is a highly toxic sea anemone; the venom has multiple effects, including lethality, hemolysis and renal injuries. We previously reported that venom extracted from Phyllodiscus semoni induced acute glomerular endothelial injuries in rats resembling hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), accompanied with complement dysregulation in glomeruli and suggested that the model might be useful for analyses of pathology and development of therapeutic approaches in HUS. In this mini-review, we describe in detail the venom-induced acute renal injuries in rat and summarize how the venom of Phyllodiscus semoni could have potential as a tool for analyses of complement activation and therapeutic interventions in HUS.     

Pseudopterosin A: Protection of Synaptic Function and Potential as a Neuromodulatory Agent

Natural products have provided an invaluable source of inspiration in the drug discovery pipeline. The oceans are a vast source of biological and chemical diversity. Recently, this untapped resource has been gaining attention in the search for novel structures and development of new classes of therapeutic agents. Pseudopterosins are group of marine diterpene glycosides that possess an array of potent biological activities in several therapeutic areas. Few studies have examined pseudopterosin effects during cellular stress and, to our knowledge, no studies have explored their ability to protect synaptic function. The present study probes pseudopterosin A (PsA) for its neuromodulatory properties during oxidative stress using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that oxidative stress rapidly reduces neuronal activity, resulting in the loss of neurotransmission at a well-characterized invertebrate synapse. PsA mitigates this effect and promotes functional tolerance during oxidative stress by prolonging synaptic transmission in a mechanism that differs from scavenging activity. Furthermore, the distribution of PsA within mammalian biological tissues following single intravenous injection was investigated using a validated bioanalytical method. Comparable exposure of PsA in the mouse brain and plasma indicated good distribution of PsA in the brain, suggesting its potential as a novel neuromodulatory agent.     

Inhibition of Bladder Tumor Growth by Chitooligosaccharides in an Experimental Carcinogenesis Model

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with the highest incidence in industrialized countries. Patients with cancer commonly use unconventional and complementary therapy including nutraceuticals. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of chitooligosaccharides (in orange juice) in rat bladder cancer chemoprevention and as therapeutic agent, on a rat model of urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. Results indicate that chitooligosaccharides may have a preventive effect on bladder cancer development and a curative effect upon established bladder tumors, dependent on the concentration ingested 500 mg/kg b.w., every three days, showed capacity to inhibit and prevent the proliferation of bladder cancer; however, this was associated with secondary effects such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The use of lower doses (50 and 250 mg/kg b.w.) showed only therapeutic effects. It is further suggested that this antitumor effect might be due to its expected anti-inflammatory action, as well as by mechanisms not directly dependent of COX-2 inhibition, such as cellular proliferation control and improvement in antioxidant profile.     

Effects of Walnuts (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Juglans regia</Emphasis>) on Learning and Memory Functions

Walnut has been regarded as a health food that is delicious and nutritious. Both preventive and therapeutic effects of walnut are well documented. Walnuts are rich in omega-3 fatty acids that are reported to have beneficial effects on brain function. The present work was designed to evaluate the effects of walnuts on learning and memory in male rats. The effect of oral intake of walnut was also monitored on food intake. Walnut was given orally to rats for a period of 28 days. Memory function in rats was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM) and radial arm maze (RAM). A significant improvement in learning and memory of walnut treated rats compared to controls was observed. Walnut treated rats also exhibited a significant decrease in food intake while the change in growth rate (in terms of percentage) remained comparable between the two groups. Analysis of brain monoamines exhibited enhanced serotonergic levels in rat brain following oral intake of walnuts. The findings suggest that walnut may exert its hypophagic and nootropic actions via an enhancement of brain 5-HT metabolism.     

Antiproliferative Properties of Scandium Exopolysaccharide Complexes on Several Cancer Cell Lines

Antimetastatic properties on both murine and human osteosarcoma cell lines (POS-1 and KHOS) have been evidenced using exopolysaccharide (EPS) derivatives, produced by Alteromonas infernus bacterium. These derivatives had no significant effect on the cell cycle neither a pro-apoptotic effect on osteosarcoma cells. Based on this observation, these EPSs could be employed as new drug delivery systems for therapeutic uses. A theranostic approach, i.e., combination of a predictive biomarker with a therapeutic agent, has been developed notably by combining with true pair of theranostic radionuclides, such as scandium ⁴⁷Sc/⁴⁴Sc. However, it is crucial to ensure that, once complexation is done, the biological properties of the vector remain intact, allowing the molecular tropism of the ligand to recognize its molecular target. It is important to assess if the biological properties of EPS evidenced on osteosarcoma cell lines remain when scandium is complexed to the polymers and can be extended to other cancer cell types. Scandium-EPS complexes were thus tested in vitro on human cell lines: MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma, A375 melanoma, A549 lung adenocarcinoma, U251 glioma, MDA231 breast cancer, and Caco2 colon cancer cells. An xCELLigence Real Cell Time Analysis (RTCA) technology assay was used to monitor for 160 h, the proliferation kinetics of the different cell lines. The tested complexes exhibited an anti-proliferative effect, this effect was more effective compared to EPS alone. This increase of the antiproliferative properties was explained by a change in conformation of EPS complexes due to their polyelectrolyte nature that was induced by complexation. Alterations of both growth factor-receptor signaling, and transmembrane protein interactions could be the principal cause of the antiproliferative effect. These results are very promising and reveal that EPS can be coupled to scandium for improving its biological effects and also suggesting that no major structural modification occurs on the ligand.     

Marine-Derived Compounds for the Potential Treatment of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Severe Asthma

One of the challenges to the management of severe asthma is the poor therapeutic response to treatment with glucocorticosteroids. Compounds derived from marine sources have received increasing interest in recent years due to their prominent biologically active properties for biomedical applications, as well as their sustainability and safety for drug development. Based on the pathobiological features associated with glucocorticoid resistance in severe asthma, many studies have already described many glucocorticoid resistance mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. On the other hand, in the last decade, many studies described the potentially anti-inflammatory effects of marine-derived biologically active compounds. Analyzing the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action for these marine-derived biologically active compounds, we observed some of the targeted pathogenic molecular mechanisms similar to those described in glucocorticoid (GC) resistant asthma. This article gathers the marine-derived compounds targeting pathogenic molecular mechanism involved in GC resistant asthma and provides a basis for the development of effective marine-derived drugs.     

Marine-Derived Biologically Active Compounds for the Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence rate of up to 1% and is significantly considered a common worldwide public health concern. Commercially, several traditional formulations are available to treat RA to some extent. However, these synthetic compounds exert toxicity and considerable side effects even at lower therapeutic concentrations. Considering the above-mentioned critiques, research is underway around the world in finding and exploiting potential alternatives. For instance, marine-derived biologically active compounds have gained much interest and are thus being extensively utilized to confront the confines of in practice counterparts, which have become ineffective for 21st-century medical settings. The utilization of naturally available bioactive compounds and their derivatives can minimize these synthetic compounds’ problems to treat RA. Several marine-derived compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can be effectively used for therapeutic purposes against RA. The results of several studies ensured that the extraction of biologically active compounds from marine sources could provide a new and safe source for drug development against RA. Finally, current challenges, gaps, and future perspectives have been included in this review.     

Waxy durum acts as a unique form of crumb softener in bread

Flour milled from waxy durum grain was incorporated into bread formulations and its effects on crumb softness and loaf volume compared to those of added fats and emulsifiers. Waxy durum had a small effect on increasing loaf volume, and little of this effect could be explained by dough height or oven spring; effects of most other additives were closely related to dough height or oven spring. For all additives, the relationship between crumb softness and loaf volume fitted a power law relationship. Waxy durum and some of the additives had a greater softening effect than predicted from their effect on volume while others produced a much firmer crumb. With only one exception, when combined with other additives waxy durum reduced compression of the crumb more than predicted on the basis of the effects on loaf volume of the additives alone. In common with some of the added lipids, during compression analysis, crumb prepared with waxy durum flour had similar levels of structural damage as crumb baked from the standard formulation; other lipids and emulsifiers produced more fragile crumb. Waxy durum flour appears to have unique effects on crumb softness.     

Pharmacological Activities of Sulfated Fucose-Rich Polysaccharides after Oral Administration: Perspectives for the Development of New Carbohydrate-Based Drugs

Marine organisms are a source of active biomolecules with immense therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. Sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides are present in large quantities in these organisms with important pharmacological effects in several biological systems. These polysaccharides include sulfated fucan (as fucoidan) and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. The development of these polysaccharides as new drugs involves several important steps, among them, demonstration of the effectiveness of these compounds after oral administration. The oral route is the more practical, comfortable and preferred by patients for long-term treatments. In the past 20 years, reports of various pharmacological effects of these polysaccharides orally administered in several animal experimental models and some trials in humans have sparked the possibility for the development of drugs based on sulfated polysaccharides and/or the use of these marine organisms as functional food. This review focuses on the main pharmacological effects of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides, with an emphasis on the antidislipidemic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic and hemostatic effects.