甘蔗五个引进新品种的种性研究

以新台糖22号（T22）为对照，对园林2号（Y2）、园林3号（Y3）、园林6号（Y6）、德蔗93／102（DZ93／102）、德蔗93／94（DZ93／94）等5个甘蔗新品种，从农艺性状、生理生化特性、产量和品质性状等几个方面进行种性研究。试验结果表明，园林6号、园林3号是比较优良的品种。     

四个烤烟品种的田间比较试验初报

以云烟87、云烟97、南江3号和晚花k326四个品种为材料,试验研究生育期、主要农艺性状、重要化学指标及经济指标,探索适合重庆市南川区种植的优良烤烟品种。结果表明,南江3号和晚花k326各性状均较优,尤其是晚花k326,由于其叶数多,单位面积产量和产值很高。     

草莓品种引种观察试验初报

为丰富永靖县及周边地区设施草莓栽培品种结构,以草莓品种妙香7号为对照,对草莓品种白雪公主、宁玉、久香在永靖县的引种表现进行了观察。结果表明,草莓品种久香口感酸甜适中,综合表现良好,折合产量较高,可达30 780.0 kg/hm2,可在当地种植,以丰富当地草莓栽培品种;草莓品种白雪公主口感香甜,果实颜色特殊,建议作为搭配品种种植。     

施肥技术对甘蔗产量和品质的影响

在每hm^2施鱼粉有机-无机复混肥1500kg的大田生产条件下，采用随机区组设计，设置5种施肥技术处理，研究其对甘蔗农艺性状、生理生化特性、蔗茎产量及品质等方面的生长效应。结果表明：D处理蔗茎产量和含糖量最高，D处理与A处理的蔗茎产量差异达显著水平，含糖量差异达极显著水平；D处理与B、C、E处理间的含糖量差异达显著水平；其他处理间差异不显著。     

2015年玉米新品种筛选试验初报

2015年秋季在南宁市兴宁区进行玉米新品种筛选试验,结果表明:桂单162、桂单0810、青青700和华优168生育期、株高和穗位高都比较适中,田间观察比较整齐,有较强的抗倒伏性。丰产性好,抗逆性强,综合性状表现较好,在当地具有较好的发展潜力,建议大面积种植。     

重金属铜在甘蔗体内的吸收及对甘蔗产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究重金属Cu在甘蔗体内吸收、积累规律及对甘蔗产量和糖分的影响情况。结果表明,根、茎、枯叶、梢头对Cu的积累能力总体表现为根茎枯叶梢头,甘蔗各部分器官Cu含量随外源投放的Cu浓度而增加,呈显著的正相关。少量的Cu会使甘蔗明显增产,但胁迫或过量对甘蔗的生长和生物量的影响不明显。Cu过量对甘蔗品质的影响表现在出汁率、还原糖的增加和纤维分的降低,适当地施Cu会增加甘蔗的产糖量,但过多会减低甘蔗的产糖量。     

天水旱作区玉米品种比较试验初报

玉米是天水市的主要粮食作物之一。为了筛选适宜在天水旱作区种植的优良玉米品种,2021年对从当地收集的27个玉米品种进行比较试验。结果表明,27个参试玉米品种在当地气候条件下均能正常成熟。以优迪919折合产量最高,为13 014.29 kg/hm2,较对照品种先玉335增产11.08%;玉源7879次之,折合产量为12 995.24 kg/hm2,较对照品种先玉335增产10.92%;翔玉218居第3位,折合产量为12 941.27 kg/hm2,较对照品种先玉335增产10.46%;登海182、德单1403、龙博士7号、翔玉329、登海9号、金凯3号折合产量也较高,分别较对照品种先玉335增产9.31%、9.05%、8.56%、8.16%、8.12%、7.56%。这9个品种较对照品种先玉335增产幅度均在7.50%以上,且农艺性状、经济性状优良,总体表现相对较好,可在天水市旱作农业区种植。     

~(60)Coγ辐射诱变育成甘蔗新品种桂糖22号

桂糖22号是利用80Gy60Coγ射线辐照新台糖1号甘蔗茎段,经过系统选育而成。在广西区试中,蔗茎产量为106.95 t/hm2、蔗糖产量14.21 t/hm2,最高生物产量达188.1 t/hm2,可发酵糖产量48.92 t/hm2,是既可作糖蔗又可做能源蔗的甘蔗新品种。     

我国甘蔗品种命名的规范化刍议

分析我国现行甘蔗品种命名中存在的问题及其对甘蔗科学研究、农业生产的不良影响 ,并提出规范化的命名方案     

藤茎类秸秆专用切割刀片的设计与试验

为了解决传统切割刀片滑切角变动幅度大、受力不均、波动较大等问题,该文应用对数螺线方程,设计了藤茎类秸秆专用的等滑切角锯齿型刀片。通过对成熟期番茄藤和茄子藤在不同水分下的切割试验,结果表明:在刀轴转速为4 000 r/min、切割速度约为85 m/s的条件下,与普通刀片和等滑切角平型刀片相比,等滑切角锯齿型刀片切割番茄藤和茄子藤的电能分别为0.18和0.25 k W·h,消耗的切割电能少、切割效率高、切割效果好;40°等滑切角锯齿型刀片与45°的相比,40°等滑切角锯齿型刀片切割番茄藤和茄子藤的电能分别为0.38和0.49 k W·h,消耗的切割电能少、切割效率高、切割效果好;材料为Cr12Mo V的等滑切角锯齿型刀片与65Mn的相比,Cr12Mo V的刀片切割番茄藤和茄子藤的电能分别为0.17和0.24 k W·h,切割效果较好。该文设计的刀片在切割过程中受力较均匀,具有降低切割功耗、提高切割效率的作用,对于改进秸秆切割机械的工作性能和减小切割过程的能量消耗具有重要意义。     

Effect of tillage and field condition on soil physical properties, cane and sugar yields in Vertisols of Kenana Sugar Estate, Sudan

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of heavy disc harrowing in combination with chisel ploughing to depths of 10, 20, and 30 cm, on soil physical properties, cane yield, and sugar yield. The experiment was executed in two non-fallow, two semi-fallow and one fallow field conditions, in Kenana Sugar Estate, Sudan.

Results showed that the final surfaces for all tillage treatments were clean and smooth. Percent residue cover ranged from 4.2 to 5.4. After seedbed preparation percent clods greater than 1 cm in diameter ranged from 31.1 to 35.8, while gravimetric moisture content in the tillage zone ranged from 29.9 to 30.5. No significant differences were observed between treatments in residue cover, clod size and moisture content.

Soil penetration resistance in the five sites measured after the last irrigation showed no significant differences. Cone index ranged from 802 to 934 kPa. Bulk density measurements also showed no significant differences between tillage treatments.

Yield data showed that chisel ploughing to depths of 20 and 30 cm before disc harrowing, significantly increased cane and sugar yields than conventional tillage at Kenana. The highest field productivity (105.27 Mg ha⁻¹) was obtained with the combined disc harrowing and 20 cm chisel ploughing. Yield of cane per hectare under this method was 8.38 Mg ha⁻¹ higher than that under the conventional method. Sugar yield per hectare increased by 1 metric ton, which was 8.6% higher than that of the conventional method.

The relation between tillage depth (x) and cane yield (Y), in tons of cane per hectare, for average Kenana field condition could be expressed by the third-order polynomial:

Y=158.141−7.725x+0.293x²−0.003x³

The fallow, semi-fallow and non-fallow sites were not significantly different in cane yield.

All tillage methods studied were more intensive than adequate levels for soil conservation practices found in the reviewed literature; it is suggested to omit the re-harrowing operation of Kenana conventional tillage.     

我国过渡地带草坪草种选择及应用进展

简述了我国过渡地带草坪草种选择及应用进展 ,分析了影响我国过渡地带草坪草种选择的因素以及草坪草种选择变化的内在规律 ,并指出未来草坪草种应用的发展趋势     

Changes in microbial biomass and protease activities of soil associated with long-term sugar cane monoculture

 As part of a broader study, the aim of which is to identify soil factors that might be associated with yield decline of sugar cane, microbial biomass and protease activities were examined in soil samples collected from seven paired old and new land sites in three cane-growing districts of north Queensland. No consistent changes in soil protease activities were observed, although some sites exhibited specific effects, as a result of extensive periods of sugar cane monoculture. Soil microbial biomass, however, was significantly lower in those soils where sugar cane had been grown for extended periods. The implications of a lowering of soil microbial biomass on sugar cane yields and sustainability are discussed. Received: 24 June 1997     

Effect of rice variety on methane emission from an Indonesian paddy field

Variations in CH₄ emission from a Sumatra paddy field in which 8 popular modern varieties in Indonesia were grown were compared in the 1994/1995 rainy season. Total amounts of CH₄ emitted during the period of rice growth were in the ranges of 32.6-41.7 and 51.3–64.6 g CH₄ m^-2 for the plots amended with chemical fertilizer only and those amended with both rice straw and chemical fertilizer, respectively. The mean CH₄ emission rate was highest in the plot with the variety Bengawan solo and lowest in the plots with the varieties Atomita-4 and Way seputih among the plots which received chemical fertilizer, while highest in the plot with Way seputih and lowest in the plot with Bengawan solo among the plots amended with both rice straw and chemical fertilizer. The increase in the mean CH₄ emission rates by rice straw application was higher for the plots planted with Way seputih (1.98 times) and Atomita-4 (1.77 times) than for the plots with Bengawan solo (1.23 times) and IR-64 (1.35 times). The plots with Walanai and Cisanggarung recorded intermediate mean emission rates and the increase in CH₄ emission by rice straw application was also intermediate (1.57–1.64 times). It was noteworthy that Way seputih and Atomita-4 were derived from the variety Cisadane, Bengawan solo and IR-64 from the variety IR-54, and Walanai and Cisanggarung from the varieties IR-36 and Pelita 1-1, respectively.

The amounts of CH. emitted for 1 kg grain production ranged from 53 (Atomita-4) to 74 (Kapuas and Walanai) and from 89-93 (IR-64, Bengawan solo, and Atomita-4) to 121 (Kapuas) g CH₄ kg^-1 of grain for the plots amended with chemical fertilizer and those amended with rice straw and chemical fertilizer, respectively.     

Crop management and variety have influence on alkylresolcinol content in triticale grain

Alkylresorcinols (ARs) from cereal kernels belong to the bioactive components, which are said to have health-enhancing properties. The genetic and agronomic factors have an impact on the growth, quantity and quality of cereal grain yields, so they can also affect the content of ARs in triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack). The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of production technology on AR content in the grains of four winter triticale varieties cultivated under different cultivation systems. The research was conducted in the years of 2010–2014 at the Experimental Station in Osiny (51°27′N; 22°2′E), Poland. The experiment was located on a lessive soil (Luvisol), on plots sized 45?m² in four replications. The first factor was cultivation system (tillage and no-tillage) and the second factor was type of production technology (integrated and intensive), which was diversified in terms the doses of mineral fertilizers and the intensity of plant chemical protection. The study indicated that the content of ARs in winter triticale grains is mostly determined genetically but it also depends on weather conditions and production technology. This content is the least dependent on soil cultivation system. The highest AR content was recorded for Fredro variety, while the lowest for Pizarro, 444 and 277?mg?kg^?1, respectively. Using intensive production technologies favored the accumulation of ARs, especially under abundant rainfall during the tillering, at the beginning of shooting and earring, as well as under limited rainfall during plant ripening. The production of pro-health food of a high content of ARs would benefit the most from using Fredro variety of winter triticale, cultivated in tillage system under intensive production technology.     

高寒地区燕麦 (Avena sativa L.) 人工草地生物量分配对施肥和混播措施的响应

【目的】了解高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量分配格局对燕麦品种、施肥措施和混播水平的响应机制,为高寒地区人工草地建植提供依据。 【方法】采用“三因素四水平”正交试验设计,包括 4 个燕麦品种,分别为青燕 1 号、林纳、青海 444、青海甜燕麦;4 种施肥措施,分别为不施任何肥料 (CK₀)、尿素 75 kg/hm2 + 磷酸二铵 150 kg/hm2 (NP)、有机肥 1500 kg/hm2 (OM) 和尿素 37.5 kg/hm2 + 磷酸二铵 75 kg/hm2 + 有机肥 750 kg/hm2 (NP + OM);4 个箭筈豌豆混播水平,分别为 0、45、60、75 kg/hm2,在燕麦拔节期、抽穗期、开花期和乳熟期分别对各处理燕麦和箭筈豌豆各器官生物量进行了测定。 【结果】燕麦人工草地地上生物量以青燕 1 号 (85.57%)、尿素 + 磷酸二铵 + 有机肥处理 (84.91%) 和 0 kg/hm2 混播水平 (85.81%) 时分配比例最高;地下生物量以林纳 (18.04%)、不施肥 (16.02%) 和 30 kg/hm2 混播水平 (16.29%) 时分配比例最高。茎、叶、穗和根生物量分配比例分别为 44%～48%、19%～24%、17%～22% 和 14%～18%。茎、叶、穗和地下生物量分配随季节分别呈增加、先降后增、增加和下降的变化趋势;在各因素影响下,燕麦生长前期以叶生长为主,中、后期以茎生长为主,而箭筈豌豆在生长前期以根生长为主,中、后期以叶生长为主。燕麦生物量分配在整个生育期处于优势地位,地上生物量分配始终高于地下,表现为异速生长关系。茎和地下生物量分配在生长前期和后期分别受施肥措施和品种的影响;叶生物量分配在整个生育期受混播水平的影响;燕麦穗生物量分配主要受品种和混播水平的影响。 【结论】品种、施肥措施和箭筈豌豆混播水平均对高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量分配具有显著影响,选用青燕 1 号品种,单播,配施尿素 37.5 kg/hm2、磷酸二铵 75 kg/hm2、有机肥 750 kg/hm2 时地上生物量分配最高;选用林纳,并混播 30 kg/hm2 的箭筈豌豆,采用不施肥措施时地下生物量分配最高。     

品种演替和土壤肥力对小麦产量和磷生理效率的影响

以25年来长期定位施肥试验构建不同土壤肥力梯度为平台,研究品种演替过程中籽粒产量和磷效率对土壤肥力的响应。结果表明,各施肥处理,随品种演替小麦籽粒产量呈显著增加趋势,其中郑麦0856的产量最高(8 157. 3kg·hm-2),郑麦7698次之,豫麦13的产量最低(5 915. 39 kg·hm-2);不施肥处理(CK)则下降。无论施肥或不施肥处理,100 kg小麦籽粒对磷素的需求量均随品种的演替呈上升趋势。此外,随品种演替,磷的生理效率呈先增加后降低的趋势,郑麦941 (172. 48 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最高,郑麦9023 (145. 79 kg·kg-1)、郑麦7698 (130. 51kg·kg-1)和郑麦0856 (147. 65 kg·kg-1)次之,三者之间差异不明显,豫麦13 (66. 71 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最低;同一品种,单施化肥处理(NPK)小麦磷生理效率显著高于其他施肥处理(MNPK、1. 5MNPK和SNPK)(豫麦13除外)。同时,品种演变明显提高了磷农学效率;但在施肥条件下,继续增施肥料和养分投入使豫麦13、郑麦941、郑麦7698和郑麦9023的磷农学效率降低;而郑麦0856的农学效率随着土壤肥力的增加而增加,与籽粒产量协同提升。因此,黄淮海地区小麦品种演替在土壤肥力养分充足时籽粒产量显著提高,磷效率也呈增加的趋势。