2种指示剂测定玉米干酒糟及其可溶物生长猪标准回肠氨基酸消化率的比较研究

本试验旨在研究三氧化二铬和氧化钛2种指示剂对测定玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(D D G S)生长猪标准回肠氨基酸消化率的影响。试验选用6头安装简单T型瘘管的三元杂交(杜洛克×大白×长白)去势公猪,初始体重为(35.1±2.1)kg,应用6×6拉丁方试验设计,分为6期,6种日粮,分别以三氧化二铬和氧化钛配制4种含D D G S日粮,2种无氮日粮。结果表明:玉米D D G S的赖氨酸和色氨酸标准回肠消化率最低;除组氨酸和苯丙氨酸外,2种指示剂对测定其他必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示,三氧化二铬和氧化钛均可用于测定玉米D D G S氨基酸消化率。     

不同省份来源的稻谷干酒糟及其可溶物饲喂生长猪有效能和氨基酸回肠末端消化率的测定

本试验旨在测定不同省份来源的稻谷干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)饲喂生长猪的消化能、代谢能和氨基酸回肠末端消化率。试验一：选用30头初始体重为(35.02±1.61) kg杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂玉米饲粮和4种稻谷DDGS饲粮。试验期19 d。试验二：选用30头初始体重为(42.04±1.90) kg装有T型瘘管的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂无氮饲粮和4种稻谷DDGS饲粮。试验期16 d。结果表明：1)来源于黑龙江、安徽和河北的稻谷DDGS的总能、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量高于来源于广西的稻谷DDGS。来源于黑龙江、安徽和河北的稻谷DDGS的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量低于来源于广西的稻谷DDGS。2)来源于广西的稻谷DDGS的消化能、代谢能,粗蛋白质、干物质和能量表观全肠道消化率,以及氨基酸表观和标准回肠末端消化率均显著低于来源于黑龙江、安徽和河北的稻谷DDGS(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同省份来源的稻谷DDGS由于营养成分不同,导致其在生长猪上的消化能、代谢能和氨基酸...     

精料干酒糟及其可溶物水平对奶牛产奶性能及氮排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究精料中不同干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)水平对奶牛产奶性能及氮排泄的影响。选择30头体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分和泌乳天数[(115±14)d]相近的健康中国荷斯坦牛,随机分为5个组,对照组精料不添加DDGS,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别以10.0%、17.5%、25.0%和32.5%的DDGS等比例替代精料中花生粕、棉籽粕、豆粕和玉米。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)干物质采食量,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组及对照组显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),而这4个组间无显著差异(P>0.05);粗蛋白质采食量,4个试验组间无显著差异(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),而试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)日均产奶量,对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组整个正试期的平均值均显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),分别比试验Ⅳ组高6.17%、8.27%、9.06%和9.59%,对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组间则无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)对照组和4个试验组间各乳成分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)4个试验组总氮排泄量整个正试期的平均值分别比对照组下降4.19%、9.36%、12.08%和18.02%,各组间均存在显著或极显著的差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综合考虑奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄,在本试验条件下,奶牛精料中适宜的DDGS水平为25.0%。     

Effect of Graded Levels of Wheat Distillers Grains with Solubles on Nutrient Digestibility, Performance and Carcass Traits of Growing-Finishing Pigs Fed Diets Based on Wheat and Field Peas

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on nutrient digestibility,performance and carcass characteristics of pigs (21.8 ...     

Corn protein has greater concentrations of digestible amino acids and energy than low-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to pigs but does not affect the growth performance of weanling pigs

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in a new source of corn protein are greater than in corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and that corn protein may be included in diets for weanling pigs. In experiment 1, the SID of AA was determined in two sources of DDGS (DDGS-1 and DDGS-2) and in corn protein. Results indicated that SID of most AA was greater (P < 0.05) in DDGS-2 and corn protein than in DDGS-1, but corn protein contained more digestible AA than both sources of DDGS. In experiment 2, the DE and ME in corn, the two sources of DDGS, and corn protein were determined. Results demonstrated that DE (dry matter basis) in corn protein was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn, but ME (dry matter basis) was not different between corn and corn protein. However, DE and ME in corn (dry matter basis) were greater (P < 0.05) than in DDGS-1 and DDGS-2. In experiment 3, 160 weanling pigs were allotted to four treatments in phases 1 and 2 and a common diet in phase 3. Corn protein was included at 5% to 10% in phases 1 and 2 at the expense of plasma protein and enzyme-treated soybean meal. Results indicated that although differences in average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were observed in phase 1, no differences among treatments were observed for the overall experimental period. In conclusion, the concentration of digestible AA is greater in corn protein than in DDGS; DE and ME in corn protein are also greater than in DDGS; and up to 10% corn protein may be included in phase 1 and phase 2 diets for weanling pigs.     

上海地区季节变化对奶牛产奶性能影响的研究

为探讨上海地区季节性变化对奶牛产奶量的影响,笔者采集2006年1月~2007年10月基础产奶量数据共17284牛次,分析季节变化对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,12、1和2月份分娩的母牛产奶量较高,7、8、9和10月份分娩的母牛产奶量较低,其他月份居中;10、8、7和9 月份4个自然月产奶量极显著低于其他月份,其中9月份最低,而其他各月份差异不明显;奶牛分娩后不同泌乳月份产奶量由高到低的顺序是2、3、4、1、5、6、7、8、9、10和大于10个月龄。季节对奶牛的产奶性能有明显影响,应根据季节制定不同的饲养管理任务和采取相应的饲养措施,同时建议对奶牛的DHI记录也应考虑季节的影响。     

Effects of Feeding Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles on Growth and Feed Efficiency of Weanling Horses

The effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with distiller's dried grains and solubles in the weanling horse diet were examined. Sixteen weanling horses, 12 fillies and four colts, were fed completely pelleted diets consisting of 50% alfalfa in addition to 50% of a concentrate containing either corn and soybean meal (CS), or 30% of the concentrate replaced with distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the two diets in either average daily gain or gain-to-feed ratio. The CS diet had a higher apparent dry matter digestibility (P < .0001), and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < .01). It was concluded that replacing a portion of the corn and soybean meal with distiller's dried grains with solubles in the weanling horse diet did not lead to significant growth depression. However, the diet containing DDGS had reduced apparent digestibility of dry matter, CP, and fiber. Therefore, it was concluded that it may not be advisable to replace more than 30% of the concentrate portion or 15% of the total diet with distiller's dried grains and solubles when alfalfa is used as the forage source constituting 50% of the weanling diet. Even less DDGS may be desirable to substitute for corn and soybean meal in weanling horse diets if the forage source is one with lower protein quality than alfalfa. It is possible that using DDGS for less than 30% of the concentrate portion of the diet along with high-quality alfalfa forage may produce comparable gain and feed efficiency results with less depression of apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and fiber.     

Amino acid digestibility in low-fat distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

The objective of this experiment was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility（SID） of amino acids（AA） in 3sources of distillers dried grains with solubles（DDGS） with different concentrations of fat.Twelve growing barrows（initial body weight：76.1 ± 6.2 kg） were randomly allotted to a replicated 6×4 Youden square design with 6 diets and 4 periods.The fat content of the 3 sources of DDGS were 11.5,7.5,and 6.9%respectively.Diets contained 60%DDGS and fat concentration of the diets were 7.5,52,and 5.2%,respectively.Two additional diets containing the 2sources of DDGS with 75 and 6.9%fat were also formulated,and corn oil was added to these diets to increase the concentration of fat in the diets to levels that were calculated to be similar to the diet containing conventional DDGS with 11.5%fat.A N-free diet was also formulated to calculate endogenous losses of crude protein（CP） and AA from the pigs.Pigs were fed experimental diets during four 7-d periods.The first 5 d of each period were an adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected on d 6 and 7 of each period.The apparent ileal digestibililty（AID） and SID of CP and all indispensable AA,except AID Pro and SID of Trp,were greater（P 〈 0.01） in conventional DDGS than in the 2 sources of DDGS with reduced fat.Adding oil to the diets containing the 2 sources of DDGS with reduced fat did not consistently increase SID of AA.In conclusion,conventional DDGS has greater SID values for most AA compared with DDGS that contains less fat and inclusion of additional oil to diets containing low-fat DDGS does not increase AID or SID of AA.The lower AA digestibility in low-fat DDGS could not be overcome by the inclusion of additional fat to the diets.     

玉米干酒糟及其可溶物蛋鸡真代谢能预测模型的研究

本文旨在对玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)进行全面的养分含量分析,建立通过概略养分含量预测玉米DDGS蛋鸡真代谢能(TME)的模型.试验采用单因素完全随机设计,35只体况相似的去盲肠海兰褐蛋公鸡,随机分为7组,每组5只,采集我国有代表性的25种玉米DDGS,每个样品5个重复,每个重复1只鸡,排空强饲法测定玉米DDGS的TME.结果表明,本试验采集的25种玉米DDGS样品,各营养指标均存在一定程度的差异,主要指标含量(86%干物质基础)的均值分别为:总能(GE)19.09 J/kg,灰分(Ash)4.73%、粗蛋白质(CP)28.04%、粗脂肪(EE)14.96%、粗纤维(CF)6.25%、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)37.72%、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)10.44%、TME 10.52 MJ/kg.预测TME的最佳单一变量为GE(R2=0.29),引入其他变量增加了预测方程的精确性.利用色差计测定的25种玉米DDGS的亮度(L*),红度(a*),黄度(b*)均值分别为47.00、18.07和36.27,其中b*值与玉米DDGS的GE存在极显著正相关关系(r=0.72,P<0.01).由此可知,颜色能够很好地预测玉米DDGS的GE,鲜亮0.342偏黄的玉米DDGS的GE高于暗灰的玉米DDGS.本研究得到我国玉米DDGS的TME预测方程为TME=-0.342+1.040×GE-0.149×CF-0.234×CP-0.109×EE(R2=0.51,P<0.001).     

玉米干酒糟及其可溶物对鹅营养价值的评定

本研究旨在探索不同处理和不同品种鹅对玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)真代谢能(TME)和常规养分的利用率.试验分别选取150日龄健康五龙鹅(小型)和青农灰鹅(大型)公鹅各24只,各设4个处理,每个处理6只.处理1直接强饲玉米DDGS,处理2强饲玉米DDGS并添加微量元素、维生素,处理3强饲玉米DDGS并添加玉米淀粉,处...     

Amino acid digestibility in low-fat distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

The objective of this experiment was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 3 sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with different concentrations of fat. Twelve growing barrows (initial body weight: 76.1 ± 6.2 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 6 × 4 Youden square design with 6 diets and 4 periods. The fat content of the 3 sources of DDGS were 11.5, 7.5, and 6.9% respectively. Diets contained 60% DDGS and fat concentration of the diets were 7.5, 5.2, and 5.2%, respectively. Two additional diets containing the 2 sources of DDGS with 7.5 and 6.9% fat were also formulated, and corn oil was added to these diets to increase the concentration of fat in the diets to levels that were calculated to be similar to the diet containing conventional DDGS with 11.5% fat. A N-free diet was also formulated to calculate endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA from the pigs. Pigs were fed experimental diets during four 7-d periods. The first 5 d of each period were an adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected on d 6 and 7 of each period. The apparent ileal digestibililty (AID) and SID of CP and all indispensable AA, except AID Pro and SID of Trp, were greater (P < 0.01) in conventional DDGS than in the 2 sources of DDGS with reduced fat. Adding oil to the diets containing the 2 sources of DDGS with reduced fat did not consistently increase SID of AA. In conclusion, conventional DDGS has greater SID values for most AA compared with DDGS that contains less fat and inclusion of additional oil to diets containing low-fat DDGS does not increase AID or SID of AA. The lower AA digestibility in low-fat DDGS could not be overcome by the inclusion of additional fat to the diets.     

乙醇生产工艺对DDGS蛋白营养价值影响的研究进展

干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)是乙醇生产工业中的一种副产物,常常被用作动物蛋白原料使用。由于原料来源不同,DDGS的粗蛋白质含量以及粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率存在差异,另外,加工工艺也会影响DDGS蛋白质质量。本文综述了乙醇生产过程影响DDGS蛋白价值的因素。加热对DDGS干燥过程中的影响报道最多。在加热过程中,氨基酸会发生一系列的化学反应,导致氨基酸消化率降低或结构破坏。DDGS蛋白质质量、颜色、酸性洗涤不溶氮及氨基酸含量都是评判加热影响DDGS质量的指标。除了干燥,另外可能影响DDGS蛋白质价值的因素是在干燥和混合步骤前的高温条件。     

Effects of Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Levels on Turkey Performance from Hatch to Marketing

Two experiments were conducted with growing turkeys from hatch to market examining the performance at various dietary energy and amino acid (AA) levels as well as the relationship between energy and essential amino acids at these energy levels. The results of the first experiment indicated that increasing ME alone improved feed efficiency (FE); however, it did not affect BW in either toms or hens. In addition, increasing ME alone resulted in better regulation of caloric intake (CI) in toms than in hens. The caloric efficiency (CE) (BW/CI) improved with the higherenergy diets. In a second experiment both AA and ME levels were changed. Using 95% of NRC amino acid levels depressed performance, whereas turkeys receiving 105 and 110% of the recommended AA levels had improved BW and FE until 6 wk. From 7 to 19 wk, increasing dietary AA levels decreased feed intake (FI). Increasing both AA and ME together did not, in all cases, produce the same effect as altering their levels independently.     

几种饲料原料的猪氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率和真消化率的测定

试验选用起始体重为(35±1.04)kg的5头健康去势公猪(大白×长白),采用5×5拉丁方设计测定了玉米、豆粕、花生粕和乳清粉的氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率,采用水解酪蛋白法测定了氨基酸的内源损失,并计算得出4种原料的氨基酸回肠末端真消化率。本试验测得的4种原料的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的表观消化率与真消化率与中国饲料数据库2004年第15版推荐范围比较吻合。     

利用天然沸石富集酒精糟水中B族维生素、氨基酸和矿物质的基础试验

在静态吸附试验中,用1.8％盐酸和3％醋酸处理的60～80目丝光沸石的核黄素吸附量为294.0和288.6μg/g。用1.8％,3.6％,7.2％和18％盐酸处理的80目以上丝光沸石,其核黄素吸附量分别为298.5,330.8,345.2和298.2μg/g。斜发沸石的核黄素吸附量高于丝光沸石。80目以上丝光沸石对糟水中核黄素、硫胺素、烟酸和赖氨酸吸附量分别为78.6,115.0,31.8μg/100g和10.4mg/100g,80目以上斜发沸石对糟水中核黄素和硫胺素的吸附量为114.3和194.7μg/100g。吸附饱和的丝光佛石中含铁1411.4ppm,铜3.1ppm,锌36.0ppm,而原矿中含铁754.2ppm,铜0.9ppm,锌13.Oppm,锰43.1ppm。饱和丝光沸石和斜发沸石中含铅3.2和4.5ppm。原矿丝光和斜发沸石中含铅5.9和33.9ppm。