中性松香施胶剂的制备及施胶特性

本研究制备了多种烃基松香酯－松香施胶剂及松香甘油酯－松香施胶剂,并对其在中、碱性造纸施胶中的应用进行了探讨。施胶结果表明,松香甘油酯－松香施胶剂能有效地用于中、碱性施胶,然而其它烃基松香酯－松香施胶剂在同样条件下却无施胶效果。这意味着中性松香胶施胶剂的制备及性能并非完全取决于松香羧基的改性而是松香酯的结构有关。虽然碱性填料碳酸钙的添加引起一定程度的施胶效果的下降,松香甘油酯－松香中性施胶剂在含有碳     

松香酯中性施胶剂组成与性能的有机概念图分析

讨论了松香酯在中性施胶剂中施胶剂结构与施胶性能的关系，以有机要领图理论分析了施胶剂组成对施胶剂效率的影响，采用三元图表示施胶剂Ｉ／Ｏ值与施胶剂性能间的关联规律，阐述了松香酯的施胶机理。     

阳离子分散松香施胶剂施胶性能的研究

阳离子分散松香施胶剂（ＣＤＲＳ）作为松香系列施剂的新型换代产品之一,其施胶性能是评价其应用价值的重要依据。本研究对自制的ＣＤＲＳ在不同条件下的施胶效果进行了试验并与现有的商品松香施胶剂进行了对比。中碱性条件一的施胶试验结果表明,ＣＤＲＳ相对阴离子分散松香胶而言,消耗助留剂硫酸铝的量约低５０％,而且在ＰＨ６．５－７．５条件下具有较好的施胶效果。     

INVESTIGATION ON THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF VARIOUS ROSIN SIZE COMPONENTS IN PAPER BY PYROLYSIS-GC

根据多种松香化合物及松香施胶剂的热分解谱图信息，详尽地探讨了热分解气相色谱与四甲基氢氧化铵（ＴＭＡＨ）联用方法对纸中松香类施胶剂及其成分含量的定量测定。结果表明该方法作为定量分析法方便可靠。本文还提出了有关中性松香施胶剂中松香酯成分由于ＴＭＡＨ作用而产生的酯交换问题及其解决办法。在其热分解过程中，松香酯的结构对其酯交换的程度有着显著的影响，热分解产生的烃基正碳离子越稳定的松香酯就越容易发生酯交换。另外，在分析探讨的基础上成功地测定了多种不同商品松香施胶剂于不同施胶条件下在纸中的助留情况。     

松香酰胺在中性造纸施胶中的应用

利用松香与异腈酸的酰经反应在１００－１５０℃下合成了三个松香酰胺，并应用它们到中性造纸松香乳酸，ＰＨ４－８的抄造试验表明这些松香衍生物在这个ＰＨ范围内具有高的施胶效果。松香酰结构与酰胺化度对施胶效果有很大的影响。     

阳离子型分散松香胶制备的初步探索

松香中添加适量的助乳剂和新型乳化剂可以使松香充分的乳化。在常压依靠机械作用转相，可得到阳离子型分散松香的胶体乳液。在近中性条件下用于纸张施胶，施胶度良好，纸张的耐久性明显优于酸性施胶的纸张。     

QUANTITATIVE ESTERIFICATION OF ROSIN BY REACTION OF SODIUM ROSINATE WITH ALKYL HALIDES

应用松香钠盐和卤代烃的反应在１１０℃于Ｎ－甲基吡咯酮中定量合成了各种松香酯。依卤代烃结构的差异，酯化时间在３０～２４００ｍｉｎ之间     

松香季戊四醇酯合成工艺的研究

以工厂所用的普通一级松香为主原料,采用多种催化剂,研究了合成浅色145#松香季戊四醇酯的工艺条件.实验选用8种国内外适合松香树脂的催化剂,主要探讨了催化剂种类及复配条件与产品质量之间的关系.并对反应温度、反应时间和原料配比等影响因子进行了探讨.通过实验得到,合成145#松香季戊四醇酯的适宜工艺条件为反应温度(275±2)℃,反应时间6 h(可根据实际需要适当延长),适宜的反应物配比为松香、季戊四醇、催化剂A、催化剂G的质量比为10.120.0020.0005.在上述工艺条件下,得到145#松香季戊四醇酯产品,其质量指标是色泽3(加纳比色),软化点91.7℃,酸值24.8 mg/g.     

松香烯丙醇酯的合成研究

探索了一种两步合成松香烯丙醇酯的新方法,即先以烯丙醇和对甲苯磺酰氯为原料,以NaOH为催化剂,通过O-酰化反应合成中间体对甲苯磺酸烯丙醇酯,再与松香纳皂发生亲核取代反应合成目标产物松香烯丙醇酯.通过单因素试验,得出合成中间体对甲苯磺酸烯丙醇酯的最佳工艺条件为:n(烯丙醇)∶n(对甲苯磺酰氯)为3∶1,反应温度0℃,反应时间3 h,产率达89.5%;合成目标产物松香烯丙醇酯的最佳工艺条件为:n(松香钠)∶n(对甲苯磺酸烯丙醇酯)为1.3∶1,反应温度40℃,反应时间2 h,产率达75.4%.利用TLC、IR和GC-MS对目标产物进行了分析和表征.试验表明,该法具有反应时间短、反应温度低的优点,能很好地避免原料因高温而发生的副反应.     

国内松香施胶剂的现状和发展趋势

论述了我国松香系造纸施胶剂的现状及发展动态,分析比较了各种施胶剂的施胶性能。     

Preparation and sizing mechanisms of neutral rosin size II: functions of rosin derivatives on sizing efficiency

Four rosin derivatives, including rosin esters and rosinamides, were synthesized and used to prepare neutral rosin sizes. Their effects during sizing are discussed in detail. Compared to natural rosin, the rosin derivatives had nearly no effect on sizing even at high retention levels in paper. However, the rosin derivatives in the rosin sizes improved the stability of the emulsion size particles, and there was good correlation between the sizing effect and the stability of the emulsion sizes under neutral to alkaline conditions. On the other hand, the structure of the rosin derivatives significantly influenced the stability and sizing effect of the neutral rosin sizes. In particular, for glycerin rosin ester-rosin sizes, the emulsion stability and sizing effect increased with an increasing proportion of dirosinate, among the glycerin rosin esters. Consequently, it was suggested that the rosin derivatives hardly contribute to the sizing performance of paper but predominantly function to stabilize the neutral rosin size particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the size under neutral to alkaline sizing conditions. Also it was supposed that glycerol dirosinate in the neutral rosin size would probably enable formation of a more stable particle structure to prevent the destructive action of the OH^– ion.This research was presented in part at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998     

Retention behavior of size and aluminum components on handsheets in rosin-ester size/alum systems

Anionic emulsion sizes consisting of rosin triglyceride esters and partly fortified rosin acids (i.e., rosin-ester sizes), have recently been used as internal sizes for alkaline papermaking. In this study, handsheets were prepared from pulp suspensions with alum and a rosin-ester size under various conditions, and sizing degree and size and aluminum contents of the handsheets were determined. Aluminum compounds originating from alum added to the pulp suspensions behave as retention aids of the rosin-ester size even in alkaline papermaking under limited conditions. Carboxyl groups in pulp are the primary retention sites of aluminum compounds in pulp suspensions. They form cationic sites on pulp fibers, and thus the anionic size emulsion particles are adsorbed on pulp fibers by electrostatic interactions. However, the cationic charges of aluminum compounds on pulp fibers decrease and finally disappear completely with the lapse of time after the alum addition by forming ionic bonds between the cationic sites and OH^– ions. Thus, pH values of the pulp suspensions and timing of the size addition strongly influence the retention values of the rosin-ester size and the resultant sizing features.This research was presented in part at the 1995 autumn meetings of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology Japan in Hamamatsu, October 1995     

Application of cationic polymer prepared from sulfuric acid lignin as a retention aid for usual rosin sizes to neutral papermaking

Cationic polymers that acted as the retention aids for usual rosin sizes in neutral papermaking were prepared from sulfuric acid lignin (SAL), one type of acid lignin. To convert SAL to the cationic polymer (MP-SAL), SAL was phenolated and then treated by the Mannich reaction to introduce the amino groups. In the MP-SAL single system, MP-SAL exhibited high sizing effectiveness in neutral papermaking with the rosin emulsion size. However, MP-SAL showed no sizing effectiveness when soap rosin size was used. MP-SAL showed increased sizing effectiveness as the pK _a of the introduced amino group increased. From this and comparison of the sizing degrees of MP-SAL and polyethylenimine, which possesses a linear structure, it was suggested that the sizing effectiveness was not only affected by the charge density and molecular weight, but also by the basicity of the introduced amino groups and the molecular structure of the retention aid. In the alum–MP-SAL dual system, alum and MP-SAL synergistically enhanced the sizing effectiveness in the rosin emulsion sizing at neutral pH. In turn, this allowed a decrease in the MP-SAL dosage and resulted in a small decrease in brightness.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Lignin Symposium, October 2003, Fukui     

阳离子型松香施胶剂的制备

以非离子型聚合物改性得到阳离子化剂,通过转型法成功制得了阳离子型分散松香施胶剂(CDRS),并对其性质进行了表征。CDRS为白色均一乳液,其Zeta电位为 26mV,体积平均粒径为0.271μm,一致性为0.404,粒径分布较好。在pH值6.0、Al2(SO4)3用量1%的条件下,CDRS对再生纸浆的施胶度为40s,施胶效果接近对照样品,耐老化性能则优于对照样品Hi-phase35。浊度实验和扫描电子显微镜观察表明,由于游离松香的皂化作用,CDRS的施胶效果随着pH值的升高而迅速下降。由于成本低,制备方法简单,在近中性条件下施胶效果较好。     

塔尔油制强化造纸施胶剂的研究

以塔尔油为主要原料，研究制造纸用施胶剂的配方及生产工艺条件，该施胶剂可代替松香用于造纸浆内施胶，并对施胶工艺条件进行了探讨。     

Mechanism of size retention on handsheets prepared in rosin soap size-alum systems

The mechanism of rosin size retention in rosin soap size-alum systems was studied on the basis of sizing behavior and the rosin size and aluminum contents of handsheets prepared under normal and particular conditions. Rosin size, aluminum, and calcium contents of handsheets prepared with various stirring times of pulp suspensions after pH adjustment suggested that rosin size components adsorbed on pulp fibers predominantly have the structure of free rosin acid rather than rosin aluminum or calcium salt. When a carboxyl group-blocked pulp was used, the rosin size content clearly decreased. This result shows that pulp carboxyl groups play a significant role in rosin size retention. Electrostatic interactions between dissociated carboxyl groups of pulps and anionic rosin size components through cationic aluminum compounds must be present in pulp suspensions. On the other hand, nonionic interactions in pulp suspensions, which occur particularly around pH 6.2–6.5, may also contribute to rosin size retention and appearance of sizing features. When the carboxyl group blocked pulp was used, some rosin size components were retained in the handsheets in largely coagulated form, resulting in no or quite low sizing levels, when the handsheets were dried at 20°C.This research was presented in part at the 64th pulp and paper research conference of Japan TAPPI, Tokyo, June 1997     

叔胺型与季铵型阳离子分散松香施胶剂的性能比较

用苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯与甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯或二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的共聚物作乳化剂分别制备了叔胺型阳离子分散松香施胶剂(SYM-1)和季铵型阳离子分散松香施胶剂(JYM-1),并比较了它们的施胶性能。实验结果表明,叔胺型高分子表面活性剂(SYS-1)的电荷密度和SYM-1的施胶性能受pH值影响较大,SYM-1的施胶度在相同施胶条件下比JYM-1大10 s以上,但在含碳酸钙抄纸体系中失去其施胶性。季铵型高分子表面活性剂(JYS-1)的电荷密度不受pH值的影响,用硫酸铝和聚乙烯胺复合物作定着剂时JYM-1在含碳酸钙抄纸体系中的施胶度大于5 s。