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饲料中霉菌毒素污染--奶牛的一个应激因子 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
霉菌毒素是由真菌类产生的具有毒性的二级代谢产物。霉菌毒素的种类很多,但进行过深入研究的不多。许多真菌可在饲料中产生毒素,并通过饲料或食品进入动物体并发挥其生物学效应,如肝肾毒性、中枢神经系统异常、雌激素样反应等。本文主要综述了常见的霉菌毒素对奶牛的影响及其作用机理和霉菌毒素的防治措施。 相似文献
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R. W. Sweeney VMD T. J. Divers DVM R. H. Whitlock DVM PhD H. M. Acland BVSc E. P. Tulleners DVM J. E. Palmer VMD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1988,2(2):80-84
Hepatic failure developed following mastitis or metritis in five adult cows. In all five cases, cows initially showed clinical signs compatible with endotoxemia, which resolved with appropriate therapy for the mastitis or metritis. Subsequently, signs of liver failure developed including profound anorexia, weight loss, cessation of milk production, and in one case, photosensitization. Four cows had laboratory evidence of liver disease and failure (abnormally prolonged sulfobromophthalein [BSP] clearance half-life and abnormally high serum liver enzyme activity). Hepatocellular necrosis or vacuolization was seen on histopathologic examination of liver specimens from all five cows. The hepatocellular necrosis, in some cases, was thought to be due to the direct or indirect effects of endotoxin on the liver. Three of the cows responded to symptomatic therapy. One cow failed to respond and one was not treated. 相似文献
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为推进奶牛布鲁氏菌病、结核病(简称“两病”)净化工作,保障奶牛养殖业持续健康发展和乳制品质量安全,广州市动物卫生监督所在开展本底调查的基础上,成立净化工作小组,指导广州华美牛奶有限公司(简称公司)积极开展奶牛“两病”检疫净化,包括加强宣传培训与指导,制定维持无疫的防控策略、技术路线、总体方案和技术规程,督促公司在全面检测、严格引种、牛群建设、防疫管理、监督检查、生产管理、卫生环保等方面严格落实各项管理措施,有效确保了该公司连续6年维持“两病”无疫状态,从而使公司顺利建成广东省国家级首个牛布鲁氏菌病、结核病净化场。本文总结了创建过程和维持无疫的经验做法,以期为奶牛养殖企业开展疫病净化提供参考。 相似文献
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《The Professional Animal Scientist》2001,17(2):61-67
Twinning in dairy cattle is an unavoidable outcome of reproduction and is undesirable because it reduces the overall profitability of a dairy operation through negative effects on cows calving twins as well as on calves born as twins. Cows calving twins are at greater risk for many periparturient reproductive and metabolic disorders than nontwinning herdmates, and incidences of abortion, stillbirth, neonatal calf mortality, and reduced birth weight are greater among twin compared with singleton calves. Twinning is a complex trait with multiple causative factors, and empirical evidence supports a role for both genetic and environmental risk factors in cattle. Risk factors for twinning include genetics, season, parity, ovulation rate, and milk production. The observation that twinning has increased in the dairy cattle population over time suggests a concurrent change in one or more of these causative factors during this same period. At present, dairy farmers and their consultants are ill prepared to make sound-management decisions to mitigate the negative effects of twinning on their operations because of a lack of applied scientific data on management strategies for periparturient dairy cows carrying twin fetuses. A clear understanding of the factors responsible for twinning is essential for future development of strategies to manage twinning in dairy operations. 相似文献
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从催产素的作用机理入手,总结了催产素在奶牛助产、预防和治疗胎衣不下、治疗子宫迟缓、治疗子宫内膜炎和子宫积脓、催乳、治疗持久性黄体不孕症、提高受胎率等方面的应用情况和注意事项。 相似文献
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浅谈奶牛碳水化合物营养 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
碳水化合物是指多羟基醛、酮及其多聚物和某些衍生物以及水解产生上述产物的化合物的总称.是反刍动物日粮中最重要的组成成分.通常占日粮比例的60%~70%,主要为瘤胃微生物和宿主动物提供能量。 相似文献
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奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对粪中双歧杆菌数量和乳中霉菌毒素含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
奶牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素广泛存在,并严重地威胁着奶牛健康,影响着奶牛生产性能的发挥.本试验选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数接近的荷斯坦奶牛50头和带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛4头来探讨奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌数量和原料奶中霉菌毒素残留量的影响.结果表明,添加霉菌毒素吸附剂可降低非瘘管奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌的外排量(P<0.05)和原料奶中体细胞数.非瘘管奶牛试验组隐性乳房炎较试验前降低了75.27%;同时,对照组试验前后原料奶中霉菌毒素含量未发生较大变化,但试验组试验后奶中霉菌毒素含量较试验前显著降低(P<0.05);其中黄曲霉毒素代谢产物AFM1降低了97.50%,玉米赤霉烯酮毒素降低了80.60%,呕吐毒素降低了92.86%.因此,本研究表明,日粮添加霉菌毒素吸附剂可有效降低霉菌毒素对试验奶牛的毒害和在原料奶中的残留量,进而提高了原料奶质量和该牧场的整体经济效益. 相似文献
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应用DHI对某奶牛群生产性能进行综合分析,探索在奶牛牧场管理过程中,牛奶体细胞数SCC与奶牛产奶量、健康、胎次的关系,以期应用DHI提高奶牛生产性能。应用奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)体系对900头产奶牛进行测定和分析,发现在奶牛泌乳的各个阶段,随着牛奶体细胞数增高,各胎次奶牛产奶量呈逐渐下降趋势;体细胞数随着胎次的增加而上升,奶牛产奶量随奶牛胎次的变化而变化。奶牛存在产犊间隔长,繁殖障碍和营养问题,需采取相应的改进措施。 相似文献
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<正>霉菌毒素是由真菌(霉菌)产生的毒性次级代谢产物,当动物采食了被污染的饲料,或者接触或吸入霉菌时,可引起不良影响(霉菌中毒),其生物学影响包括肝和肾的中毒、中枢神经系统与雌激素的影响等。只有部分霉菌产生霉菌毒素,称为产毒霉菌。霉菌毒素的化学变化多,这也代表化学家族的多样 相似文献
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乳牛围产期营养工程技术 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
乳牛产前14-21天至产后14-21天,被称为围产期。此间,乳牛饲养的好坏直接关系着整个泌乳期的产量高低、繁殖性能、乳牛和犊牛的健康。乳牛围产期饲养是一项系统工程。笔者提出的乳牛营养工程技术具体含义是:针对乳牛营养生理特点和相应的饲养模式,围绕一定的饲养决策目标,将多种营养调控技术加以系统组合,充分发挥整体优势,以期达到理想的生产目标和健 相似文献
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荷兰位于欧洲西部,1600万人口,大约41526平方公里国土面积,160万头泌乳奶牛,每头泌乳牛 305d平均产奶量 8000kg,每人每年平均消费牛奶300kg,有大量的乳制品出口(奶油,奶酪)。 相似文献