电子显微镜技术对马立克氏病病毒的监测

为了及时监测马立克氏病病毒(MDV)在培养、驯化及制苗过程中其他微生物的污染,我们利用电子显微镜技术对送检材料进行了监测.结果在不同批次的送检材料中分别发现了支原体、网状内皮组织增生症病毒、禽白血病病毒、鸡贫血病痛毒等,表明利用电子显微镜技术可以对MDV培养物的纯度进行直观快速的检测.     

Detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in cell culture using an immunoperoxidase technique

An indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique was developed for identifying cell cultures infected with bovine virus diarrhea virus. Infected cell monolayers stained intensely while uninfected monolayers remained colorless. Immunoperoxidase staining was as sensitive as direct immunofluorescence in detecting endpoint dilutions of virus suspensions. Using the immunoperoxidase technique, infected monolayers were detectable by macroscopic, as well as microscopic, observation.     

Immunofluorescent cell assay of neonatal calf diarrhea virus.

A reliable plaque assay procedure has not yet been described for the neonatal calf diarrhea virus. Therefore, a previously developed immunofluorescent cell counting procedure was adapted to assay this virus. Adsorption of the virus to bovine kidney cells plateaued at 60 minutes. The optimal staining time was between 20 and 24 hours postinfection. Infected cells begun releasing from the coverslips if the cultures were incubated longer than 24 hours. This procedure has proven successful with virus grown in cell culture as well as virus present in fecal samples.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒适应性细胞的筛选

为了克服鸡传染性喉气管炎弱毒活疫苗产品制备中存在的缺陷,通过对BHK-21细胞、Vero细胞、DF1细胞、原代鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)、原代鸡胚肝细胞、原代鸡胚肾细胞等六种细胞进行病毒适应性培养,采用PCR和免疫荧光(IFA)跟踪检测的方法成功筛选出具有稳定病毒滴度的病毒适应性细胞——鸡胚肝细胞。然后采用新的克隆方法缩短了克隆时长并对筛选的鸡胚肝细胞进行克隆纯化,通过与原代鸡胚肝细胞进行比较,结果显示本试验所采用的克隆方法具有高几率的特点,并且能够克隆出高活性的鸡胚肝细胞,并能够繁殖较高效价的鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒,为解决鸡传染性喉气管炎弱毒疫苗在生产上存在的瓶颈问题提供了重要的基础条件。     

Effect of methisoprinol on virus replication in cell cultures

The effect of Methisoprinol (active substance: isoprinozine) on the replication of two animal viruses, the TK900 strain of Aujeszky's disease virus and the Roakin strain of the Newcastle disease virus was investigated. When the maximal tolerable doses of the drug were added to two cell cultures (CECC and GMK), its effect on the level of infectious titres of theviruses and their adsorption were assayed. Investigations were also performed to assess the direct effect of Methisoprinol on the viral strains used. The final stage of the experiment aimed at analysing of the replication dynamics of the viruses in the presence of Methisoprinol. Methisoprinol showed no direct effect on the viruses used in the study. Nor did it affect their adsorption. The preparation applied to the culture 24 hours before infection did not influence the replication of viruses, but administered simultaneously with the infection significantly lowered the final titres of viruses. The highest inhibitory effect of the drug was observed during the analysis of the replication dynamics of both viruses in CECC and of pseudorabies virus in GMK cell culture upon the application of the maximal tolerable doses of Methisoprinol and low infectious doses of the viruses.     

Vaccination of sheep with cell culture grown orf virus

Orf virus, derived from contagious pustular dermatitis (scabby mouth) lesions in sheep, was adapted to cell culture and subsequently evaluated as a potential vaccine for sheep. The traditional vaccine virus, prepared from the infected scabs of orf virus lesions in sheep, was used to vaccinate sheep by scratching with an applicator (mounted pins) dipped in virus. Less than 10 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious doses) of virus was required to produce large lesions (greater than 5 mm diameter) which developed during a period of 10 to 14 d prior to onset of healing which was complete by 28 to 30 d. A serum neutralising antibody response was also detected and protection against challenge by application of virulent virus to abraded skin was demonstrated in that challenge lesions developed and healed more quickly (14 d against 30 d). However, cell culture-adapted virus required more than 10(5) TCID50 to induce even small lesions (less than 2 mm diameter). An antibody response could not be detected and no evidence of protection against challenge with virulent virus was demonstrated. In contrast, a recent field isolate has yielded a cell culture-adapted virus preparation that readily infects sheep, produces large lesions, detectable antibody and protects against challenge. This isolate is distinct from the traditional vaccine strain on the basis of restriction enzyme analysis but provides cross-protection in sheep inmmunisation and challenge studies. These results demonstrate that a cell culture produced scabby mouth vaccine is feasible.     

Host cell modulation of foot-and-mouth disease virus procapsid synthesis

BHK21 (clone 13S) cells of high (BHK-SH) and low (BHK-SL) passage number were infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subtypes A24, A25 and C3. While the amount of virus specific RNA produced in BHK-SH cells was 25% of that in BHK-SL cells and the virion production was 27% (C3) to 53% (A24) lower, the synthesis of viral proteins was comparable, associated with an accumulation of procapsids in BHK-SH cells. The results suggest that changes in viral infection pattern with increasing BHK21 cell passage number should be considered in FMDV vaccine production.