Expression and purification of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): immunological detection and bioactivity of heterodimeric and yoked glycoproteins

The goal of this study was to express and purify recombinant feline TSH as a possible immunoassay standard or pharmaceutical agent. Previously cloned feline common glycoprotein alpha (CGA) and beta subunits were ligated into the mammalian expression vector pEAK10. The feline CGA-FLAG and beta subunits were cloned separately into the pEAK10 expression vector, and transiently co-transfected into PEAK cells. Similarly, previously cloned and sequenced yoked (single chain) fTSH (yfTSH) and the CGA-FLAG sequences were ligated into the same vector, and stable cell lines selected by puromycin resistance. Expression levels of at least 1 microg/ml were achieved for both heterodimeric and yoked fTSH forms. The glycoproteins were purified in one step using anti-FLAG immunoaffinity column chromatography to high purity. The molecular weights of feline CGA-FLAG subunit, beta subunit and yfTSH were 20.4, 17, and 45 kDa, respectively. Both heterodimeric and yoked glycoproteins were recognized with approximately 40% detection by both a commercial canine TSH immunoassay and an in-house canine TSH ELISA. The yoked glycoprotein exhibited parallelism with the heterodimeric form in the in-house ELISA, supporting their possible use as immunoassay standards. In bioactivity assays, the heterodimeric and yoked forms of fTSH were 12.5 and 3.4% as potent as pituitary source bovine TSH at displacing (125)I-bTSH and 45 and 24% as potent in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in human TSH receptor-expressing JP09 cells. However, in addition to reduced receptor binding affinity, the recombinant glycohormones produced a reduced maximal effect at maximal concentration (E(max)) suggesting the possibility of the recombinant glycohormone constructs acting as partial agonists at the human TSH receptor.     

Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of a cDNA encoding the cat (Felis domesticus) Ig epsilon constant region

A feline splenic cDNA library was screened with a (32)P-labelled cDNA probe encoding the canine IgE epsilon heavy chain subunit. A cDNA sequence of 1614 nucleotides encoding the complete feline IgE heavy chain, as well as a portion of a variable region, was identified. A search of the GenBank database revealed an identity of 82% at the nucleotide level and 76% at the amino acid level between the feline epsilon heavy chain sequence and the canine homologue. In a separate study, feline genomic DNA, isolated from whole feline embryo cells, was subjected to PCR amplification using primers based on known partial genomic DNA sequences for the feline C epsilon gene. Following removal of an intron from the 683 bp PCR product, the coding sequence yielded an ORF of 506 bp. The DNA sequence of this PCR clone differed by a single nucleotide from the cDNA clone. This difference is silent, and therefore the proteins encoded by the two sequences are identical over the regions cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the constant regions of nine immunoglobulin epsilon genes revealed that the feline cDNA is most similar to the canine homologue.     

绦虫催乳素基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

根据文献报道的脊椎动物催乳素基因 c DNA序列的保守区 ,设计 1对引物。提取绦虫总 RNA,采用 RT- PCR扩增绦虫催乳素基因 ,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 PCR产物 ,将回收产物连接到 p MD- 18T克隆载体 ,对待选克隆进行 PCR和酶切鉴定。阳性克隆进行序列测定 ,获得全长 893bp的 c DNA序列 ,共编码 2 2 2个氨基酸 ,其中前 2 2个氨基酸为信号肽 ,成熟蛋白共编码 2 0 0个氨基酸。将测序结果与 Gen Bank中已知序列比较 ,推导氨基酸序列并进行活性位点分析 ,所得序列与脊椎动物催乳素同源性最高 ,含有催乳素的 2个活性区域 ,证明所得到的序列就是催乳素序列。     

家蚕抗菌肽基因Cecropin-D的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

从家蚕中提取总RNA,采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,获得了家蚕Cecropin-D基因编码区的cDNA,扩增出家蚕抗茵肽Cecropin-D成熟肽基因片段,重组克隆入pMD18-Tvector载体,经DNA测序,该基因为186bp,编码62个氨基酸。用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建真核表达栽体pPlC9K-CD。本实验的研究为获得超量表达的高活性表达抗菌肽Cecropin-D以及为研制具有抗菌活性的新型基因药物奠定了基础。     

Canine thyrotropin beta-subunit gene: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli, generation of monoclonal antibodies, and transient expression in the Chinese hamster ovary cells

The gene encoding the mature β subunit of canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSHβ) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and monoclonal antibodies against the recombinant cTSHβ purified from E. coli were generated. The gene fragment that encodes mature TSHβ was cloned from the canine genomic DNA by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers that were designed based on the consensus sequences from other species. The resulting 891 basepairs (bp) of genomic DNA consisted of two coding exons of the canine TSHβ gene and an intron of 450 bp. The two exons, which encode the mature cTSHβ subunit, was joined together by an overlap PCR and was expressed in E. coli as 6×His-tagged protein. The purified recombinant cTSHβ with a molecular weight of about 15 kDa was recognized by the polyclonal antibodies prepared against the native canine TSH in Western blot. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the purified cTSHβ and subsequently characterized. For transient expression in CHO cells that are permanently transfected with the bovine common gene, a 60-oligonucleotide signal peptide coding sequence was added to the 5′ end of the cTSHβ gene before it was cloned into the mammalian expression vector pRSV and used to transfect CHO cells. The medium from these transfected cells, presumably containing the bovine and canine TSHβ in heterodimeric confirmation, exhibited TSH bioactivity as indicated by the stimulation of cAMP production in the cultured FRTL-5 thyrocytes.     

抗体信号肽基因的克隆和序列测定及真核表达载体的构建

根据抗体重链与轻链基因的核苷酸序列设计并合成了1对引物,以猪外周血淋巴细胞基因组mRNA为模板,通过RT_PCR方法获得了一大小约85bp的DNA片段,并将其克隆到pGEM_T载体上进行序列测定,测序结果显示,猪抗体信号肽基因核苷酸序列长度为57bp,编码19个氨基酸,核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列与已发表的抗体信号肽基因序列一致,同时在信号肽基因3’端下游提供可供肽酶切割的窗口和外源基因的克隆位点。然后将信号肽基因亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )中,成功构建了一含信号肽序列的真核表达载体3.1_SFc,为外源基因在pcDNA3.1( )中的表达与分泌提供了一有效的信号肽,也为研究基因的功能奠定了基础。     

柞蚕溶菌酶基因的克隆和序列分析

采用cDNA末端扩增(RACE)方法及简并引物克隆了柞蚕溶菌酶(Antheraea pernyilysozyme)基因(Gen-Bank登录号:DQ353869)。该基因cDNA序列全长675 bp,由3个外显子和2个内含子组成,其开放读码框(ORF)长420 bp,编码140个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,该基因编码蛋白的1-20位氨基酸为信号肽序列,21-140位氨基酸为柞蚕溶菌酶成熟蛋白(分子质量14 kD,等电点8.46)。柞蚕溶菌酶氨基酸序列中含有c型溶菌酶分子所特有的活性中心Glu32、Asp50以及8个半胱氨酸残基,与鳞翅目昆虫溶菌酶的氨基酸序列同源性较高,属非钙结合型c型溶菌酶。柞蚕溶菌酶的模拟三级结构与印度柞蚕(Antheraea mylitta)溶菌酶的三级结构十分相似。     

Canine thyrotropin β-subunit gene: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli, generation of monoclonal antibodies, and transient expression in the Chinese hamster ovary cells

The gene encoding the mature β subunit of canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSHβ) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and monoclonal antibodies against the recombinant cTSHβ purified from E. coli were generated. The gene fragment that encodes mature TSHβ was cloned from the canine genomic DNA by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers that were designed based on the consensus sequences from other species. The resulting 891 basepairs (bp) of genomic DNA consisted of two coding exons of the canine TSHβ gene and an intron of 450 bp. The two exons, which encode the mature cTSHβ subunit, was joined together by an overlap PCR and was expressed in E. coli as 6×His-tagged protein. The purified recombinant cTSHβ with a molecular weight of about 15 kDa was recognized by the polyclonal antibodies prepared against the native canine TSH in Western blot. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the purified cTSHβ and subsequently characterized. For transient expression in CHO cells that are permanently transfected with the bovine common α gene, a 60-oligonucleotide signal peptide coding sequence was added to the 5′ end of the cTSHβ gene before it was cloned into the mammalian expression vector pRSV and used to transfect CHO cells. The medium from these transfected cells, presumably containing the bovine α and canine TSHβ in heterodimeric confirmation, exhibited TSH bioactivity as indicated by the stimulation of cAMP production in the cultured FRTL-5 thyrocytes.     

Cloning of cDNAs encoding multiple subtypes of feline interferon-alpha from the feline epitherial cell line

Mammalian interferon (IFN)-alpha consists of a 23-amino acid signal peptide and a 166-amino acid mature protein. Feline (Fe) IFN-alpha has an extra unique molecule consisting of a 171-amino acid mature protein with a 5-amino acid insertion. We cloned eight new subtypes of cDNA encoding FeIFN- alpha from a feline epithelial cell line. Among all the FeIFN-alpha subtypes, including six that have previously been reported, the variations were found to be far less than those of IFN-alphas of other animals.     

小鼠白血病抑制因子真核表达载体的构建及测序分析

运用RT-PCR技术,克隆含信号肽和不含信号肽的小鼠分泌型白血病抑制因子cDNA,通过pMD18-T simple载体和pBS-T载体过渡,分别构建了真核表达载体pSecTag-mlif(sp )和pSecTag-mlif(sp-),酶切进行初步鉴定。利用Blast程序,搜索NCBI GeneBank中与构建表达载体中编码MLIF cDNA的同源序列,除在编码区216bp处碱基为G和在318bp处由G突变为T外,编码LIF基因的其余序列与已发表的完全一致。运用DNAMAN软件对翻译水平进行预测,结果发现这一突变位点并不影响蛋白的翻译。     

Molecular clonings and sequences of Djungarian (Phodopus sungorus) and Chinese (Cricetulus griseus) hamster interferon-gammas

Djungarian (Phodopus sungorus) and Chinese (Cricetulus griseus) hamster IFN-gamma genes were cloned and sequenced. The Djungarian and Chinese hamster genes were both 525bp nucleotides, resulting in 174 amino acids in full length with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 19,560 dal and 19,775 dal, respectively. The first 23 amino terminal amino acids consisted of a hydrophobic signal sequence when cleavaged, which would result in a mature 151 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted MW of 17,115 dal in the Djungarian hamster IFN-gamma and 17,255 dal in the Chinese hamster one.     

拟南芥高亲和性K+载体蛋白基因cDNA克隆及其序列特征分析

以NaCl胁迫处理的拟南芥幼苗叶片为材料,用RNA提取试剂盒抽提总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术和DNA序列测定分析,证实获得了拟南芥高亲和性K⁺载体蛋白基因(AtHKT1)的cDNA序列。该cDNA全长1521 bp,包括506个氨基酸和1个终止密码子序列,且与原序列(accession number AF237672)同源性为99.34%,但与其他科植物HKT1基因同源性较低,注册该基因到GenBank中,注册号为AY685182。利用生物信息学相关软件分析预测AtHKT1基因蛋白质功能和结构,结果发现,该蛋白分子量为57.45 kD,理论等电点为9.33;氨基酸序列中第1～40个氨基酸属信号肽序列;第152～500个氨基酸属Trk H阳离子转运体蛋白保守结构域,并存在蛋白激酶C,酪氨酸蛋白激酶,依赖cAMP/cGMP蛋白激酶磷酸化,糖基化和豆蔻酰化等功能位点;该基因编码的蛋白有10个跨膜结构,N末端、C末端及中部等多个跨膜区具疏水性,符合载体类运输蛋白特点。表明本研究获得了拟南芥AtHKT1基因。     

Expression of RANTES mRNA in skin lesions of feline eosinophilic plaque

Abstract One of the mechanisms of eosinophil infiltration is its induction by chemoattractants such as regulated upon activation, normal T-expressed and secreted (RANTES) which is a cysteine–cysteine chemokine that mediates chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils in humans and mice. Skin lesions of feline eosinophilic plaque are characterized by a predominant infiltration of eosinophils. The mechanism(s) of eosinophilic infiltration in the skin and/or mucosa of cats is unknown. It is possible that RANTES is involved. To investigate the presence of RANTES in the skin of cats with eosinophilic plaques and nonaffected skin, we cloned and sequenced the full-length feline RANTES cDNA gene, in order to determine whether it is present in the skin of cats with eosinophilic plaques and/or if it is present in normal adjacent skin. We were able to document the the expression of RANTES mRNAs in skin with feline eosinophilic plaque as well as in normal cat skin. The full-length cDNA sequence of the RANTES gene (742 bp) contained a single open reading frame of 276 bp encoding a protein of 92 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of feline RANTES shared 67 and 74% sequence identity with that of bovine and mouse RANTES genes, respectively. RT–PCR analysis on RANTES mRNA in the skin of cats with eosinophilic plaque revealed that its expression was higher in the eosinophilic plaque skin lesions than in the normal skin. The result suggested that RANTES might play a role to induce eosinophil infiltration in feline eosinophilic plaque lesions.     

伪狂犬病病毒闽A株gE基因去信号肽片段的克隆与序列测定

根据已经发表的伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）Rice株的gE基因序列,设计并合成了1对引物,通过PCR方法扩增到了PRV闽A株糖蛋白gE基因除信号肽以外的全部编码区段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体中,转化大肠杆菌XL1-blue菌株,重组质粒pMD18-T-FL经酶切和PCR鉴定证实后,进行了序列测定。结果表明,重组质粒pMD18-T-FL含有PRV闽A株糖蛋白gE基因除信号除信号肽以外的全部编码区段,长1674bp。序列比较分析表明,此区段与PRV Rice株相应区段的核苷酸序列同源性为97．5％,氨基酸序列同源性为94．8％。     

鸳鸯鸭MHC-Ⅰ α链基因的克隆与分子进化分析

根据GenBank中登录（登录号：AB115244）的鸭MHC-Iα链序列设计并合成1对引物,采用RT-PCR技术从鸳鸯鸭脾脏组织中克隆出鸳鸯鸭MHC-Iα链基因,并进行T-A克隆和序列测定。结果表明,所获得的鸳鸯鸭MHC-Iα链基因长909 bp,编码303个氨基酸的多肽,含一个完整的鸳鸯鸭MHC-Iα链胞外区成熟肽基因。序列比较发现,鸳鸯鸭MHC-Iα链基因与GenBank登录的其它品种的鸭MHC-Iα链核苷酸同源性为89.4%～91.0%,与人和其他动物的MHC-Iα链胞外区成熟肽基因的氨基酸同源性为11.1%～79.3%,表明MHC-Iα链胞外区成熟肽基因存在着种的多样性,且亲缘关系越近,同源性越高。鸳鸯鸭MHC-Iα链胞外区成熟肽基因的成功克隆为进一步研究鸭MHC-I基因表达、生物学活性和应用奠定基础。     

Nucleotide sequence and expression of the feline vascular endothelial growth factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor which targets vascular endothelial cells. In this study, cDNA encoding a feline VEGF (fVEGF) isoform was cloned from a feline lymphoid tumor cell line and sequenced. The fVEGF cDNA contained an open reading frame of 567 nucleotides coding for a polypeptide of 163 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids. The predicted fVEGF amino acid sequence shared 98.4, 94.2 and 94.2% homology with the sequences of canine, bovine and human VEGF, respectively. Though predicted fVEGF polypeptide was two amino acid residues shorter than human VEGF165, a potential glycosylation site and regions critical for receptor binding were conserved in all the species examined. Transient expression of fVEGF in mammalian cells resulted in secretion of VEGF which could be detected by antibodies against human VEGF165. Furthermore, wide expression of fVEGF mRNA was observed in various feline tissues using RT-PCR methods.     

黄色瘤胃球菌纤维小体脚手架蛋白ScaC基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为获得纤维小体（cellulosome）的基本元件,本试验以滩羊瘤胃液微生物混合DNA为模板,根据黄色瘤胃球菌纤维小体的脚手架蛋白ScaC基因序列（GenBank登录号：JN109634.1）设计特异性引物,扩增纤维小体脚手架蛋白基因,并对其进行克隆、测序及核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析;同时构建脚手架蛋白基因原核表达载体,分析其在大肠杆菌中的表达情况。结果显示,试验利用1对引物同时成功克隆获得2个脚手架蛋白编码基因,其中一个基因全长867 bp,编码288个氨基酸,命名为ScaC2基因;另一个基因全长870 bp,编码289个氨基酸,命名为ScaC7基因。核苷酸序列分析表明,脚手架蛋白基因ScaC2与ScaC7的核苷酸序列相似性为74.1%,ScaC2基因与黄色瘤胃球菌AGY80P318及ScaC7基因与黄色瘤胃球菌DA640P037 ScaC基因核苷酸序列相似性均为99%;氨基酸保守序列分析显示,ScaC2和ScaC7氨基酸序列均具有典型的脚手架蛋白结构域,含有1个Ⅰ型黏附域和1个Ⅰ型锚定域。蛋白表达分析显示,ScaC2和ScaC7基因均能在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性表达,表达产物大小约为33 ku。本试验克隆获得的纤维小体的脚手架蛋白基因ScaC2和ScaC7可为后续人工纤维小体的构建提供基本材料。