牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒内蒙古分离株gB、gC、gD基因的分子克隆与序列分析

对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)内蒙古分离株gB、gC、gD基因进行克隆和序列测定,结果表明IBRV内蒙古分离株gB、gC、gD基因序列分别为2 850、1 723、1 559bp,编码933、508、417个氨基酸组成的完整开放阅读框。序列比较和系统进化树分析结果显示:内蒙古分离株与其他毒株gB、gC、gD基因核苷酸序列的相似性为94.9%～99.9%,其推导的氨基酸相似性在90.3%～99.7%,不同IBRV毒株gB、gC、gD基因在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上高度保守。在系统进化树中内蒙古分离株与瑞典毒株亲缘关系较近,属于同一个分支。     

猪轮状病毒GD1株VP7基因的克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank中发表的PRV OSU毒株VP7基因核苷酸序列ORF两端保守区序列,设计1对特异引物,以PRV GD1株反转录cDNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增出长约1 kb的基因片段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行序列测定。测序结果表明:VP7基因全长1 062 bp,含有一个981 bp的开放阅读框,编码326个氨基酸。与国内外已知的13个毒株VP7全长基因的核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列比较,相似性分别为77.4%～100%和78.6%～99.7%;核苷酸系统发育进化树结果表明,GD1毒株与轮状病毒A2,JP3-6毒株亲缘关系较近,为一个进化群。     

禽脑脊髓炎病毒陕西分离株VP1基因的克隆及序列分析

对禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)陕西分离株SX株VP1基因进行克隆和序列分析,了解VP1基因的分子生物学特征。根据发表的AEV VP1基因序列,设计并合成一对特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出AEVSX分离株的VP1基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,进行序列测定后与已知的AEV毒株序列进行比较分析。结果表明,获得的AEV SX分离株VP1基因的全长为810bp,编码270个氨基酸残基;SX株与参考毒株VP1基因的核苷酸同源性为91.5%～99.4%,推导的氨基酸同源性为88.5%～98.9%;在1～7、19～25、149～155处有3个潜在抗原位点。系统进化树表明,SX株与1143、L2Z参考毒株的亲缘关系较近。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒R株VP1基因克隆与序列分析

本研究克隆了DHVI-R株VP1基因,分析其与目前GenBank上发表的DHVI VP1基因的遗传变异,发现DHV I-R株与GenBank上发表的其他中国毒株VP1基因的核苷酸序列相似性92.2%～100%,而氨基酸序列相似性为95.0%～100%,变异程度不大.但各毒株的亲缘关系相差较大.     

河北省塞内卡病毒A VP2基因克隆和序列分析

为了解河北省塞内卡病毒A(SVA)VP2基因的变异及分子进化情况,试验设计了一对VP2基因扩增引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增和克隆测序,利用MEGA 7.0软件对测序获得的VP2基因序列和GenBank上的参考序列进行遗传进化分析,运用MegAlign 5.0软件进行核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析。结果表明：成功扩增并测序得到VP2基因序列,将该序列上传至GenBank,获得基因登录号为MZ031967,命名为SVA HB-BD株。该毒株与中国毒株核苷酸序列相似性为95.9%～99.6%;与原型毒株SVV-001(DQ64125-7核苷酸)相似性较低,为94.6%;与其他美国毒株(MN812946、MN812947、KC667560、MH704432、MN812938、MN812937、KU954086、NC011349)核苷酸相似性为93.0%～94.6%。SVA HB-BD株与2015—2016年分离毒株亲缘关系较近,处于同一分支,而与2017—2018年分离毒株亲缘关系较远。SVA HB-BD株与广东省分离毒株氨基酸序列相似性较高,并且在VP2蛋白中和表位位点高度保守。说明HB-BD株...     

一例猫慢性牙龈炎病例的病原学诊断

2020年11月,上海市某宠物医院接诊一例疑似猫慢性牙龈炎（feline chronic gingivostomatitis,FCGS）病例。为确定病因,采集该病例的眼、口、鼻拭子进行病原分离鉴定,结果确定为猫杯状病毒（feline calicivirus,FCV）和细菌的混合感染。对FCV分离株VP1基因进行扩增和测序分析,发现其与其他18株序列的核苷酸同源性为74.2%~81.0%,编码蛋白氨基酸同源性为82.2%~88.1%。构建进化树分析发现,FCV分离株与国内毒株的遗传关系较国外更近,但与目前临床上使用的疫苗株处于不同的进化分支。对VP1 蛋白D区和E区分析发现,D区及conE区的线性表位较为保守,而E区的5''HRV表位存在较大变异,与抗体反应有关的第439~441位氨基酸同样变异较大。本研究为了解FCV的变异特点以及该病的临床防治提供了参考。     

广东省猪瘟流行野毒E2基因的扩增及其序列分析

运用RT-PCR技术对3株广东省近期流行的猪瘟野毒的E2基因进行了扩增,并进行核苷酸序列分析,同时与国内外参考毒株的抗原序列进行了比对分析,绘制系统发育进化树。结果表明,3株流行毒株E2基因间核苷酸序列的相似性为81.9%～90.9%,所推导氨基酸序列相似性为56.6%～77.4%;与石门株之间核苷酸序列的相似性为82.3%～93%,所推导氨基酸序列相似性为57%～84.5%。经系统发育关系分析,1株属于基因1群(group1),2株属于基因2群(group2),提示近期猪瘟流行毒株的变异呈现一定的多样性。     

广西猫杯状病毒全基因组序列测定及其遗传进化分析

为了掌握广西猫杯状病毒(FCV)的流行情况及其变异规律。本研究于2018年3月至2019年9月采集疑似FCV鼻拭子59份,其中阳性检出率49.2%(29/59)。将阳性病料接种CRFK细胞,成功分离获得一株FCV毒株,命名为NN01-19。为深入了解其遗传进化规律和分子特征,本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增获得该毒株的全基因组序列,并对其ORF2基因进行了遗传进化和序列分析。结果表明,NN01-19毒株基因组全长7709 bp,其中ORF2基因全长2010 bp。遗传进化分析发现该毒株与广西早期分离株GX01-13同属基因I群,但核苷酸和氨基酸同源性仅为77.9%和86.5%。其中,超变区(E区)抗原线性表位新增T448A、T450G、G451Q和T454S四个突变位点。重要的是,该区域还发生了V430T的突变,符合VS-FCV致病性氨基酸突变特点。本研究为深入了解FCV的流行特点及其变异规律提供了参考依据,同时也为今后防控FCV提供了重要的理论基础。     

鸭肝炎病毒浙江分离株全基因组测序及其VP1基因的序列分析

利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术及RACE方法扩增得到鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)浙江分离株Z10的全基因(5',3'末端序列用RACE法扩增)及4株DHV分离株的VP1基因.结果表明,分离株Z10的全基因片段长7689 bp,有1个大的开放读码框(ORF),ORF位于626～7326位核苷酸,编码2249个氨基酸.Z10分离株全基因序列与GenBank登录的6株具有代表性的DHV核苷酸序列比对,同源性94.5%～98.4%;所测得的DHV分离株的VP1基因的序列与目前GenBank上发表的具有代表性的DHv-Ⅰ VP1基因进行比对分析,结果4株Ⅰ型DHV的VP1基因cDNA长度均为714 bp,编码238个氨基酸.4株DHV-Ⅰ之间VP1基因的核苷酸序列同源性为93%～99.7%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.0%～100%;与参考毒株VP1基因的核苷酸序列同源性为92.2%～100%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.0%～100%;表明各分离毒株的亲缘关系较近,属于同一基因群.     

猪脑心肌炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从规模化猪场疑似病例组织病料中分离到5株脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV），对其中的2株（EMCV BJC3和EMCV HB1）进行了系统鉴定。结果表明，病毒粒子大小约为27nm，呈圆形；2株病毒均不耐酸，对氯仿不敏感，对胰蛋白酶敏感性有所不同，60℃加热1h可被灭活，二价阳离子对病毒没有明显的保护作用。用EMCV多克隆抗体作间接免疫荧光，分离毒株感染的BHK-21细胞的胞浆中可见特异性荧光。对分离毒株进行了VP1和3D基因的扩增和序列测定，结果表明，2个毒株VP1基因的核苷酸序列同源性为99．49％，氨基酸序列的同源性为98．46％，与GenBank中EMCV毒株的核苷酸序列同源性介于81．61％～99．59％，氨基酸序列同源性在95．5％以上；3D基因扩增片段序列与其它毒株的核苷酸与氨基酸序列同源性均为100％。基于VP1基因的系统进化树表明，2株分离毒均位于进化树的主干上，变异度不大。由此表明，EMCV感染已在我国猪场存在。     

2017-2021年成都市猫细小病毒的检测及其VP2基因的变异分析

本研究旨在通过对成都地区家养猫细小病毒(feline parvovirus,FPV)的分子检测,了解FPV在成都地区的流行及遗传变异情况.2017-2021年分别从四川成都地区采集168份家养猫的腹泻粪便样本,用PCR方法对168份样本进行FPV检测,并选取13份阳性样本进行VP2基因全长的克隆和测序,用Meg Ali...     

猫细小病毒的遗传演化及分离毒株的致病性分析

本研究旨在了解猫细小病毒（feline parvovirus,FPV）流行株的遗传演化情况及分离毒株的致病性。2018—2020年,在山东地区采集54份疑似猫瘟粪便拭子,并通过PCR和VP2基因克隆进行VP2基因全长测序,构建遗传进化树,并推导出氨基酸序列并与疫苗株进行比对,分析遗传变异情况。用F81细胞分离培养1株FPV毒株,命名为FPV-QDC20,经电镜观察、间接免疫荧光、血凝试验、TCID₅₀测定、全基因测序及动物回归试验研究该毒株生物学特性。结果表明,采集样品中16份样品VP2基因全长测序成功,其中,15份为FPV,1份为猫源犬细小病毒（CPV）。构建系统进化树显示,本研究的FPV毒株均处于同一大分支,与中国其他地区已发表的FPV毒株亲缘关系较近,与欧洲分离株以及疫苗株亲缘关系较远。氨基酸序列分析表明,某些关键位点的改变可能导致宿主范围和感染性的改变,有可能导致免疫失败情况发生。毒株QDBL2毒株中出现了80、93、103三个FPV保守位点的变异,或许与犬猫细小病毒的共感染和重组有关。动物回归试验表明,毒株FPV-QDC20有较强致病性,试验猫出现典型的临床症状和病理变化,并最终死亡。本研究有助了解我国FPV毒株遗传演化方向,为将来的疫病监控和疫苗研究提供参考。     

Pathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in naturally occurring virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection in cats

Infection with feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. FCV infection is rarely fatal, however, virulent, systemic strains of FCV (VS-FCV) that cause alopecia, cutaneous ulcers, subcutaneous edema, and high mortality in affected cats have recently been described. Seven cats with natural VS-FCV infection all had subcutaneous edema and ulceration of the oral cavity, with variable ulceration of the pinnae, pawpads, nares, and skin. Other lesions that were present in some affected cats included bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic necrosis. Viral antigen was present within endothelial and epithelial cells in affected tissues as determined by immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to FCV. Mature intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virions in necrotic epithelial cells were identified by transmission electron microscopy. VS-FCV infection causes epithelial cell cytolysis and systemic vascular compromise in susceptible cats, leading to cutaneous ulceration, severe edema, and high mortality.     

Two outbreaks of virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection in cats in Germany

Over the last years, several outbreaks of virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV) infection have been described in the USA and several European countries. The paper describes two outbreaks of VS-FCV infection in cats in Germany. Data concerning clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features ofVS-FCV infection were collected from two outbreaks affecting 55 and 4 cats, respectively. Presence of feline calicivirus was confirmed by PCR followed by sequencing of the PCR-products. Clinical signs were variable, including severe upper respiratory tract infection, dyspnoea, oral and footpad ulceration, facial oedema, enteritis, pneumonia, bleeding disorder, high fever, and icterus. Both outbreaks were characterized by a high mortality rate.The present report describes the first documented outbreaks of VS-FCV infection in cats in Germany. Clinical and histopathological features are comparable to outbreaks described in the USA and Europe. However, phylogenetic analysis of the virus genome suggests that virus strains involved in these outbreaks were different from each other and from virulent strains isolated before, confirming the known genetic variability of FCV.     

14株北京地区犬细小病毒分离毒株的VP2、NS1基因序列分析

从北京地区疑似细小病毒感染的犬粪拭子中成功分离鉴定出14株犬细小病毒（CPV）毒株,并对其完整的VP2和NS1基因进行了序列分析。结果表明,鉴定到的14株CPV毒株中,7株为New CPV-2a型,7株为CPV-2c型。此外,NS1的19、33、293、588、624和656位氨基酸以及VP2的13、574位氨基酸为新鉴定的氨基酸突变位点。基于VP2、NS1基因的系统进化分析表明,大部分的New CPV-2a型和CPV-2c型毒株与广西南宁和吉林长春地区的分离毒株亲缘关系密切,说明本次分离毒株与广西或吉林地区分离毒株具有相同的起源。本研究为更好地开展犬细小病毒流行病学调查提供了有益借鉴,也为深入研究犬细小病毒变异和传播的分子机制奠定了基础。     

犊牛腹泻粪便样本中纽布病毒VP1和RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶基因的序列分析

纽布病毒（Nebovirus，NeV）是国内犊牛腹泻的新发病原，其VP1蛋白含有受体结合位点和中和抗原表位，与病毒的感染和免疫密切相关，本研究旨在分析VP1基因1.2型毒株的分子特征。采用RT-PCR方法，对2019年宁夏和河南的犊牛腹泻粪便样本进行NeV检测，扩增阳性样本完整的主要衣壳蛋白（VP1）和RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶（RdRp）。结果显示，宁夏和河南地区NeV检出率分别为11.32%和8.62%。从4个样本中成功获得了1.2型毒株完整VP1和RdRp序列。4个完整VP1与GenBank中73个完整VP1的氨基酸相似性为75.4%~97.8%；与GenBank中仅有的3个1.2型VP1相比，4个毒株在P2区有1个共同的氨基酸突变，在P1区有2个共同的氨基酸突变。与国内基因1.1型、1.3型和1.4型毒株相比，在P2区分别有9、18和14个共同的氨基酸突变，在P1区分别有2个共同的氨基酸突变，在S区分别有1个共同的氨基酸突变。4个完整RdRp均为NB-like基因型，与GenBank中8个完整RdRp的核苷酸相似性为67.2%~94.8%。本文首次在我国检测到VP1基因1.2型毒株，成功获得了4条基因1.2型毒株的完整VP1和RdRp序列，为国内NeV的分子流行病学和遗传进化研究等提供了参考。     

Genogrouping of Vaccine Breakdown Strains (VBS) of Feline Calicivirus in Japan

Although prevention of feline calcivirus (FCV) infection by vaccination has been attempted, and isolation of FCV, development of the disease, and a few fatal cases in vaccinated cats have been reported. Fifteen FCV strains isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with commercially available FCV vaccines (F9, FCV-255, and FC-7) were genogrouped. Molecular analysis of viral genomes involved the construction of a phylogenetic tree of capsid genes using the NJ method. Cat anti-F9 serum and rabbit anti-FCV-255 serum were used for virus neutralization tests. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of 15 virus isolates and those of the previously published and GenBank-deposited 9 global and 14 Japanese strains showed that 8 (53%) of the 15 virus isolates as well as the vaccine strains F9 and FCV-255 belonged to genogroup I (G_AI), and 7 (47%) belonged to genogroup II (G_AII). Of the 8 G_AI strains, 2 were isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with an F9 strain live vaccine, 5 from cats vaccinated with an FCV-255-derived vaccine, and 1 from a cat vaccinated with an FC-7-derived vaccine. Of the 7 G_AII strains, 5 were isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with the F9 strain live vaccine, 1 from a cat vaccinated with the FCV-255-derived vaccine, and 1 from a cat vaccinated with the FC-7-derived vaccine. These results indicate that more vaccine breakdown strains isolated from the cats vaccinated with the F9 strain-derived vaccine belong to G_AII than to G_AI, whereas more vaccine breakdown strains isolated from the cats vaccinated with the FCV-255 strain-derived vaccine belong to G_AI than to G_AII, and that when the FC-7 strain-derived vaccine is used, the vaccine breakdown strains belong almost equally to G_AI and G_AII. Thus, the genogroups of virus isolates varied with the vaccine strain used (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutralizing titres of feline anti-F9 serum and rabbit anti-FCV-255 serum against the 15 isolates were very low, showing no relationships between neutralizing antibody titres and genogroups. The DNA sequence identities between the virus isolates and the vaccine strains were low, at 70.6–82.9%, and no strains were found to have sequences derived from the vaccine strains. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the G_AI or G_AII virus isolates from the F9-vaccinated cats differed at position 428 of the 5’ hypervariable region (HVR) of capsid region of the F9 strain, whereas those from the FCV-255-vaccinated cats differed at positions 438, 453, and 460 of the 5’HVR of capsid region E of the F9 strain. We speculate that these differences influence genogrouping. The amino acid changes within the F9 linear epitopes common to G _A I and G _A II were noted at positions 450, 451, 457 of 5’HVR of the capsid region E in the isolates from F9-derived vaccine-treated cats, and 449, 450, and 451 of 5’HVR of capsid region E in the isolates from FCV-255-derived vaccine-treated cats, suggesting that these amino acid changes are involved in escapes. These results suggest that alternate vaccination with the F9 and FCV-255 strains or the use of a polyvalent vaccine containing G_AII strains serves to inhibit development.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of VP gene of Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Zhejiang Isolate

In order to enrich the biological characteristics of VP gene from Muscovy duck parvovirus Zhejiang isolate (MDPV-ZJ),the target VP gene fragments were amplified by PCR method with specific primers,then the obtained PCR products were cloned and sequenced.The bioinformatics analysis of VP gene of MDPV-ZJ was conducted.The results revealed that MDPV-ZJ VP gene was 2 199 bp in length,coding an open reading frame (ORF) with 732 amino acids.The molecular weight,theoretical isoelectric point,instability index and grand average of hydropathicity of MDPV-ZJ VP gene were 81.32 ku,6.59,37.49 and －0.667,respectively,and with no signal peptide.The genetic evdution ary tree based on the VP gene showed that the MDPV isoaltes contains two groups:The typical MDPV and recombinant MDPV; Also,the typical MDPV could be divided into three branches:Taiwanese branch,Maniland China branch and Euro branch,which existed obvious regional genetic evolution relationship.In this assay MDPV-ZJ was belonged to MDPV Maniland China branch.     

Recent epidemiological status of feline upper respiratory infections in Japan

Epidemiology of upper respiratory infections of cats was studied. Nasal, ocular, and oral swabs collected from 111 cats presented at animal hospitals during the past 2.5 years were examined. Twenty-four (21.6%) and 4 (3.6%) cats were diagnosed as feline calicivirus (FCV) infection and feline viral rhinotracheitis, respectively, indicating FCV is more prevalent than feline herpesvirus-1, which revealed a considerable shift from data obtained in 1970s. Cat sera immunized by using vaccines containing either FCV F9 or 255 strains neutralized 42.9% and 66.7% of the FCV isolates, respectively. Chlamydia psittaci, examined by a PCR assay amplifying the ompA gene, was found in 26.9% of 26 diseased cats that typically showed conjunctivitis and rhinitis.     

1例兔出血症病毒2型感染疫情的诊断

旨在了解河南疑似兔出血症病毒2型(RHDV2)的感染情况,并对RHDV2的致病性进行初步分析。本研究采集病死兔的肝组织,利用微量血凝试验、RT-PCR扩增及测序、VP60基因系统进化树分析和动物回归试验进行病原鉴定。微量血凝试验结果显示,组织样本悬液能够凝集人“O”型血红细胞;RT-PCR扩增、测序及序列分析结果显示,检测到RHDV2特异性条带,片段大小为829 bp;系统进化树分析结果发现,分离的病毒与我国四川发现的首例RHDV2毒株SC2020/04的VP60基因相似性高达98.2%;临床病例的剖检显示病死兔胸腺、气管、肺、肝、脾、肾等实质性器官出血较为严重;动物回归试验发现攻毒组家兔死亡率为100%,平均死亡时间为65.8 h,RT-PCR扩增均检测到RHDV2特异性条带。本研究首次在河南兔场检测到RHDV2,为RHDV2的防控提供了科学参考。