边界病研究进展

边界病(border disease,BD)是由边界病毒(BDV)引起绵羊和山羊的一种病毒性疾病,临床症状表现为母羊不孕、流产和死胎,以及羔羊体型异常,多毛,震颤,因此又称"多毛震颤病","茸毛症".该病的主要传播途径是垂直传播,持续性感染的羔羊是该疾病在绵羊中传播的潜在主要传染源.山羊相对绵羊感染症状相对较轻,主要表...     

边界病病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立和应用

边界病(border disease)由边界病病毒(border disease virus, BDV)引起,导致绵羊和山羊持续感染和繁殖疾病,2012年在国内首次报道,但目前尚无特异的RT-PCR方法对该病原进行检测。本研究通过比对黄病毒科瘟病毒属病毒的全基因组序列,以3′-UTR基因为靶基因,设计了特异扩增BDV的引物。通过构建重组质粒pMD18-T-BDV,以其作为标准品建立了BDV的RT-PCR检测方法。进一步优化该方法的反应条件,并进行特异性、敏感性及临床样品检测。结果显示,该方法在退火温度48～60℃时均可特异扩增BDV,通过检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型(BVDV-1)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型(BVDV-2)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)提取的RNA,该方法可特异扩增BDV而对其他同属病毒检测均呈阴性,表明其特异性良好;同时,该方法具有良好的敏感性,最低检出限可达10¹拷贝/μL,敏感性极高。利用该方法检测BDV持续感染羊和人工感染羊,发现持续感染羊的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、淋巴结、卵巢、脑等器官均可检测到BDV,而人工感染羊只能在感染3～7 d的血液和淋巴结...     

小反刍兽疫的流行、诊断与防控

小反刍兽疫是严重危害山羊和绵羊等家畜的A类动物传染病，目前该病已经给我国养羊业造成了巨大的损失。文章对该病的流行与传播、诊断方法及防控措施进行了综述，以期为该病的有效防控提供一些参考。     

猪瘟诊断和防制研究进展

猪瘟(Classical swine fever，CSF)是严重威胁养猪业、具有重要经济意义的病毒性疾病之一，被国际兽疫局(OIE)列为A类的15种传染病之一。其特征是小血管壁变性，内脏器官多发性出血、坏死和梗塞。该病的病原是猪瘟病毒(CSFV)，CSFV在分类上属于黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)瘟病毒属(Pesti-virus)，同属的还有牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV)和绵羊边界病病毒(Border disease virus，BDV)，     

蓝舌病的研究进展

蓝舌病（Bluetongue disease），是由蓝舌病病毒（Bluetongue disease virus，BTV）引起的反刍动物的一种急性病毒性传染病。该病是OIE规定的A类传染病之一，主要发生于绵羊。各种绵羊，不分性别和年龄都有易感性，但以1岁左右的绵羊最为易感。该病主要通过吸血昆虫传播，库蠓是本病的主要传播媒介，也可经垂直传染，经胎盘感染胎儿，导致母畜的流产、死胎或胎儿先天性异常。     

鸡马立克氏病的诊断与防控

马立克氏病（Marek′s disease,MD）是由马立克氏病疱疹病毒引起的传染性肿瘤性疾病,是最常见的一种鸡淋巴组织增生性传染病。以外周神经和包括虹膜、皮肤在内的各种器官和组织的单核性细胞浸润为特征。主要从病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断与防控等方面进行了阐述,以期为科学防控该病提供参考。     

猪瘟实验室诊断技术研究进展

猪瘟又名猪霍乱（HC）,也称古典猪瘟（CSF）,是猪的急性高度接触性传染性疾病,其特征是小血管壁的变性,导致内脏器官中的多发性出血、坏死和梗塞。我国也有人称之为烂肠瘟。该病于1833年首先发现于美国的俄亥俄州。我国关于猪瘟的报道,最初是从东南大学农科系1925年研究猪瘟免疫血清的记载开始的。猪瘟病毒（CSFV）归属于黄病毒科瘟病毒属中的一个重要成员。瘟病毒属的成员还有在抗原性和结构上与CSFV密切相关的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）和绵羊边界病病毒（BDV）。     

猪瘟实验室诊断技术研究进展

猪瘟又名猪霍乱（HC）,也称古典猪瘟（CSF）,是猪的急性高度接触性传染性疾病,其特征是小血管壁的变性,导致内脏器官中的多发性出血、坏死和梗塞。我国也有人称之为烂肠瘟。该病于1833年首先发现于美国的俄亥俄州。我国关于猪瘟的报道,最初是从东南大学农科系1925年研究猪瘟免疫血清的记载开始的。猪瘟病毒（CSFV）归属于黄病毒科瘟病毒属中的一个重要成员。瘟病毒属的成员还有在抗原性和结构上与CSFV密切相关的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）和绵羊边界病病毒（BDV）。     

牛口蹄疫的诊断与防控

口蹄疫（foot and mouth disease,FMD）是牛、猪、羊等主要家畜和其他家养、野生偶蹄动物共患的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,易感动物达70多种。临床特征是在口腔黏膜、蹄部和乳房皮肤发生水疱性疹。该病传播途径多、传播速度快,曾多次在世界范围内暴发流行。鉴于此,世界动物卫生组织（OIE）将其列为A类传染病之首。从口蹄疫的病原、流行病学、致病机理、临床症状、诊断等方面进行阐述,以期为该病的科学防控提供参考。     

1例仔貉附红细胞体病的诊治

附红细胞体病简称附红体病,是由附红细胞体引起的一种人畜共患的传染病,其临床症状为患者（畜）呈现急性黄疸性贫血、全身皮肤发红和发热,故又称红皮病。该病主要由吸血昆虫传播,注射针头、交配、手术器械等也可传播本病。该病的易感动物有猪、绵羊、牛、犬、猫等,     

The humoral and cellular immune response of sheep against Borna disease virus in endemic and non-endemic areas

Borna Disease (BD) is a mostly fatal disease of horses and sheep endemic in central Europe. Antibodies to Borna disease virus (BDV) have been described in sheep and other species living in BD non-endemic areas. Meaningful clinical BDV serology is hampered by difficulties in defining serological cut-offs, which require the investigation of populations from endemic areas. Here we studied BD serology in sheep from endemic and non-endemic areas of similar geography in Switzerland. Antibodies to BDV antigens were detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) only in sera from 3 of 6 sheep with autopsy confirmed BD. One serum was positive by IFA but not by ELISA, while 2 sera were negative in both assays, indicating that not all diseased animals develop BDV specific antibodies. Six % of clinically healthy animals (6/106) from an endemic area and 2% from a non-endemic area (4/192) had serum antibody to either BDV p40 or p24 as detected by ELISA. None of the animals showed a cellular immune response to BDV p40. In some healthy sheep from the endemic area, serum antibody titers to BDV p24 antigen remained elevated over several months without onset of disease symptoms. Infections with either BDV or related viruses may thus occur at low frequency in sheep from non-endemic areas leading to the production of antibodies to BDV antigens. We further propose viral strain differences or environmental factor(s) may determine the clinical outcome.     

Borna disease in Switzerland and in the principality of Liechtenstein

Borna disease (BD) is a rare immunopathological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by infection with Borna disease virus (BDV) and histologically characterized by mononuclear encephalomyelitis. BD primarily affects equines and sheep in well defined endemic areas of central Europe, but BDV infections have also been reported in other host species including humans, as well as in non endemic regions. In this paper recent data on the pathogenesis of BD are reviewed and the current situation in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein is summarized.     

青海省海北州藏羊群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒和羊边界病毒的流行病学调查

为掌握青海省海北州藏羊群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒和羊边界病毒的感染情况,本研究采用RT-PCR方法分别对青海省海北州的161份健康藏羊血清样品和34份腹泻藏羊组织样品进行了BVDV和BDV的抗原核酸检测。结果显示：195份样品中BVDV和BDV总阳性率分别为29.74 %和14.36 %;161份健康藏羊血清样品中BVDV和BDV平均阳性率分别为26.71 %和11.80 %,BVDV/BDV混合感染率为4.35 %;34份腹泻藏羊组织样品中BVDV和BDV平均阳性率分别为44.12 %和26.47 %,BVDV/BDV混合感染率为17.65 %。本研究表明青海省海北州健康藏羊群和腹泻藏羊群中均存在BVDV、BDV的单独感染以及混合感染,且感染情况在个别养殖场(户)较为严重,本研究为青海藏羊的综合防控措施提供了指导依据,丰富了我国羊群中BVDV和BDV的流行病学资料。     

Comparison of hematological and biochemical parameters in sheep naturally and persistently infected with a border disease virus

In this study, we investigated the changes occurring in the activities of determining the biochemical and hematological parameters in persistently infected sheep with border disease virus (BDV) and control sheep. While cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose parameters were found to be statistically different between control and BDV positive groups (p<0.01), total protein, alkaline phosphotase, creatine kinase, amylase, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein were found to be statistically different between control and persistently infected group (p<0.01). Interestingly, all groups were shown only mean corpuscular volume parameter was different (p<0.01). It was found that cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein parameters were different between PI and infected sheep (p<0.01). It was speculated that BDV might effect also the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor and determination of the changes in BD and its clinical importance might contribute to the veterinarians and scientists studying in this area.     

Border Disease Virus Transmitted to Sheep and Cattle by a Persistently Infected Ewe: Epidemiology and Control

In a Swedish sheep flock comprising 202 ewes and 13 rams, a pair of twin lambs born in the spring of 1990 demonstrated signs of border disease (BD) and were persistently infected (PI) with border disease virus (BDV). Investigation showed that BDV had been introduced in the preceding tupping period 5-6 months earlier by a bought-in ewe which, on the basis of immunoperoxidase- and polymerase chain reaction techniques, was shown to be PI with BDV. Only 7 of the ewes, all of which had been in close contact with the PI ewe, seroconverted during the subsequent gestation. Apart from the PI twin lambs the losses caused by BDV were restricted to 2 barren ewes. The twin lambs, the PI ewe and lambs from the other 4 ewes that seroconverted were removed from the flock. The flock was thereafter free from an ongoing infection with BDV as shown by the absence of seroconversion.In addition, 5 heifers in late pregnancy most probably seroconverted to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (B VDV) when kept in close contact with the same PI ewe during the winter of 1989-90. When these heifers were reintroduced to the BVDV-free dairy herd from which they originated, their serum antibody titres ranged between 1:250 and 1:1250. Neither these heifers - nor their calves–caused any spread of the infection in the herd, as indicated by the absence of seroconversion in 70 cows. The present investigation shows that in the control of both BDV in sheep and BVDV in cattle, it is important to ensure that the risk of transmission of pestivirus between the 2 species is minimized.     

贵州山区小反刍兽疫综合防控措施

小反刍兽疫又被称为羊瘟或伪牛瘟,是小反刍兽疫病毒引起的山羊及绵羊的一种急性接触性传染病,以发热、口炎、腹泻、肺炎为特征,该病发病率和病死率均较高,严重阻碍畜牧业高质量发展,研究该病的诊断及防控有着十分重要的意义。本文从该病的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、实验室诊断方法以及综合防控措施等方面进行阐述,为广大养殖户提供参考。     

Identification and molecular characterization of border disease virus (BDV) from sheep in India

Pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in India thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) or BVDV-2. During routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (BDV) was detected in eight Indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of BD by real time RT-PCR. All the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a BVDV antigen ELISA. A representative BDV isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analysis carried out in 5′-UTR, N^pro and E2 regions of genome typed the Indian BDV isolate as BDV-3. A more detailed analysis in N^pro and entire region coding structural proteins showed that the N^pro (168), C (100 aa), E^rns (227 aa), E1 (195 aa) and E2 (373 aa) proteins were of size characteristic for BDV reference strain X818. Antigenic differences were evident between the BDV-3 isolate and previously reported BDV-1, BDV-5 and BDV-7 strains. Although origin of BDV-3 in India is not clear, the results reflect probable introduction through trade in sheep between India and other countries or BDV-3 may be more widely distributed. Additionally, this study suggests that for diagnosis of BDV infection, the commercial BVDV Ag-ELISA should be used with caution. This is the first identification of BDV in sheep in India which highlights the need for continued pestivirus surveillance and assessing its impact on sheep and goat production.     

Borna disease: current knowledge and virus detection in France

For over two centuries, Borna disease (BD) has been described as a sporadically occurring infectious meningoencephalomyelitis affecting horses and sheep in Central Europe. Over the last decade, the BD epidemiology has been discussed. Firstly, its geographical distribution seems larger than what was previously thought. Secondly, the disease can affect a large number of warm-blooded animal species, including humans. The aetiological agent is the Boma disease virus (BDV), an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA virus classified in the new virus family Bornaviridae (Mononegavirales order). It can induce severe clinical signs of encephalitis with striking behavioural disturbances and may cause death. BDV genome has recently been detected in France in the blood and brain of several animal species (horses, bovines, foxes).