放牧补饲条件下云南黑山羊生长发育规律研究

为了探讨云南黑山羊的生长发育规律,对放牧加补饲条件下云南黑山羊的体重、体尺进行测定,对所测定数据进行分析。结果表明:云南黑山羊体重增重规律与其他肉羊增重规律相似,体尺累积生长平缓上升,同时云南黑山羊具有早期生长发育快的特点,公羊、母羊体重从出生到3月龄时达到绝对生长高峰,日增重分别达到201.11g和162.44g;绝对生长曲线总体呈下降趋势,提示应加强羔羊断奶后的饲养管理。云南黑山羊生长发育阶段体重和体尺的相关性与性别有关,公羊10月龄体重、体尺的相关性高于3月龄;母羊相反,同时,母羊3月龄体重与体尺的相关性均为正相关(P0.01);3月龄公、母羊胸围与体重的具有较高的相关性,相关系数分别为0.85和0.75。     

河南小尾寒羊生长发育规律的研究

试验选择体尺、体重大致相同的3月龄断奶羔羊,公、母各30只,在相同的饲养管理条件下进行跟踪测定其体重、体尺生长发育情况。结果表明：河南小尾寒羊体尺、体重的增长速度在12月龄前较快,公羊体重月递增率可达12.16％,母羊达10.41％;小尾寒羊公羊早期生长发育迅速,6月龄体重可达18月龄体重的50%～62％,体高、体长等主要体尺指标可达18月龄时的80％以上。     

河南小尾寒羊生长发育规律的研究

试验选择体尺、体重大致相同的3月龄断奶羔羊,公、母各30只,在相同的饲养管理条件下进行跟踪测定其体重、体尺生长发育情况。结果表明：河南小尾寒羊体尺、体重的增长速度在12月龄前较快,公羊体重月递增率可达12.16％,母羊达10.41％;小尾寒羊公羊早期生长发育迅速,6月龄体重可达18月龄体重的50%～62％,体高、体长等主要体尺指标可达18月龄时的80％以上。     

鲁中肉羊生长发育规律研究

经测定鲁中肉羊初生重公羔3.56±0.68 kg,母羔3.17±0.67 kg;3月龄断奶体重公羔22.13±5.97 kg,母羔19.81±4.99 kg。6月龄公羊体重33.73±6.32 kg,母羊32.1±5.49 kg。周岁公羊体重83.55±6.69 kg,母羊62.35±5.85kg。成年公羊体重100.39±7.18 kg,母羊体重70.94±6.60 kg。成年公羊体高73.09±4.38 cm,体长87.13±6.81 cm;成年母羊体高61.43±3.05 cm,体长70.76±5.00 cm。整体分析,各项体尺指标增长趋势胸围体长体高;公羊初生至周岁体重增长趋势高于母羊。     

云南黑山羊生长发育规律及肉用性能研究

在舍饲条件下,对云南黑山羊的初生重、断奶重、6月龄、10月龄、12月龄、18月龄和成年的体重以及6、10、12、18月龄、成年的体尺进行测定,同时利用兽用超声波诊断仪对6月龄和12月龄的背膘厚和眼肌面积进行活体测定。结果表明:在舍饲条件下,云南黑山羊初生重公羔(3.40±0.70)kg、母羔(3.11±0.63)kg;断奶重公羔(19.40±3.76)kg、母羔(15.13±2.42)kg;6月龄公、母羊体重分别占成年体重的44.83%和51.65%;6月龄公羊的体长、体高、胸围分别占成年公羊的76.10%、81.45%、76.46%,母羊的体长、体高、胸围分别占成年母羊的78.54%、86.62%、78.83%。云南黑山羊在6月龄前生长速度快,公羊生长显著高于母羊(P0.01)。6月龄公羊背膘厚为(3.32±0.44)mm,眼肌面积为(11.11±1.78)cm~2;母羊背膘厚为(2.67±0.32)mm,眼肌面积为(8.16±1.58)cm~2。12月龄公羊背膘厚为(3.34±0.46)mm,眼肌面积为(16.02±2.59)cm~2;母羊背膘厚为(3.10±0.45)mm,眼肌面积为(12.19±1.08)cm~2。试验表明云南黑山羊早期生长发育快,产肉性能好。     

鲁西黑头羊生长发育规律研究

经测定鲁西黑头羊3月龄断奶体重公羔32.58±3.21 kg,母羔30.78±3.03 kg。6月龄公羊体重49.39±4.58 kg,母羊45.60±4.39 kg,分别达到成年体重的48.05%、59.39%。周岁公羊体重87.26±5.42 kg,母羊65.12±6.46kg,分别达到成年体重的84.90%和84.81%。成年公羊体重102.78±9.50 kg,母羊体重76.78±7.39 kg。周岁公羊体高、体长、胸围和管围分别达到成年羊体尺的88.24%、93.92%、92.92%和91.59%;周岁母羊分别达到成年体尺的95.47%、95.04%、91.99%和96.23%。成年公羊体高83.87±7.48 cm,体长98.68±4.57 cm;成年母羊体高70.41±4.41cm,体长88.49±5.38 cm。整体分析,出生至六月龄体重呈直线上升趋势,公羊生长趋势强于母羊,8月龄后体重生长速度减缓;各项体尺生长发育成熟顺序,公羊依次为胸围、体长、体高;母羊依次为体高、体长、胸围。     

冷季补饲条件下甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育规律研究

本试验以甘南地区冷季补饲条件下欧拉型藏羊为对象,研究了甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育规律。通过对60只甘南欧拉羊早期体重、体尺跟踪测量数据的分析,发现甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育速度随年龄、季节的变化而变化。4月龄(断奶)前公母羔羊生长发育迅速,4月龄断奶时公羊的平均体重由初生时4.16kg增长到26.86kg,母羊由4.12kg增长到25.08kg。公羊的各项体重体尺数据均显著均高于母羊(P0.05)。从5月龄开始,羔羊生长发育开始变缓,9月龄时体重因牧草质量下降、营养供给不足出现负增长,而体高、体长均增长缓慢;羔羊生长到11月龄时项目区进入最冷季节,公羔在11、12月龄体重下降了4.01kg,母羔下降了3.89kg。因此,甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育快,应大力推广羔羊育肥出栏技术,在留足后备生产羊的前提下,对当年羔羊在秋季进行放牧加补饲育肥,加快出栏。     

利用FecB基因选育鲁西肉羊多胎品系研究

在杜泊公羊与小尾寒羊杂交后横交固定阶段,选4只理想型公羊(F2、3)分别与60只携带多胎基因(FecB)杂合型(B+)和70只野生型(++)经产母羊(F2、3)配种.分析测定了两组母羊产羔率、后代羔羊出生重、断奶重以及两个发育阶段体高、体长、胸围、管围4项体尺指标.结果两组母羊产羔率分别为208.3%和121.4%,差异极显著(P﹤0.01);野生型(++)和杂合型(B+)母羊所产羔羊出生重分别为3.53 kg和4.74 kg,后者比前者提高1.21 kg(34.27%),差异极显著(P﹤0.01).前者羔羊出生时的体高、体长、胸围、管围4项指标均高于后者,差异显著(P﹤0.05);两种类型母羊所产羔羊3月龄断奶体重分别为33.37 kg 和30.69 kg,差异不显著,日增重及其他体尺指标差异也未达显著水平.说明FecB基因可能是控制鲁西肉羊多羔性状的主效基因,该结果为培育鲁西肉羊多胎品系奠定了理论基础.     

青藏高原东缘高寒草甸区欧拉型藏羊生长发育规律

2013年3月至2014年9月在甘肃省甘南藏族自治州玛曲县高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸上分别选择60只欧拉型藏羊(公、母各30只,出生时间差不超过72h),测定初生-18月龄公羊和母羊的生长指标(体重、体高、体长、胸围、胸宽、胸深、腰角宽),以研究高寒草原不同草地类型欧拉型藏羊的生长发育规律,为6月龄羔羊适时出栏提供技术支撑。结果表明,欧拉型藏羊初生-6月龄体重显著增加(P0.05),为体重增加的主要阶段,其中2-4月龄为最快增重期;8-12月龄体重显著降低(P0.05),说明欧拉型藏羊适宜于羔羊肉生产。欧拉型藏羊初生-6月龄亦为各项体尺指标的主要生长阶段,6-14月龄各体尺指标生长缓滞,14-18月龄体尺虽呈增长趋势,但增长总量较初生-6月龄阶段小,说明欧拉型藏羊初生-6月龄体躯发育已经基本完成,能够达到羔羊当年出栏的要求。就欧拉型藏羊性别而言,生长发育前期公羊与母羊各体尺间差异不显著(P0.05),到生长发育后期各指标间变化不一,未出现明显的规律性。     

无角陶赛特羊与藏绵羊杂交的效果试验

为了研究无角陶赛特羊与藏绵羊杂交的效果,试验选择年龄、胎次和体况一致的2群藏母羊,分别采用无角陶赛特公羊和藏公羊与其交配,对所产羔羊2月龄断奶后强度育肥。结果表明:无角陶赛特羊与藏母羊杂交可以极显著提高羔羊的初生重、2月龄断奶体重、4,6月龄体重及育肥期的日增重(P<0.01)。说明陶藏杂一代羔羊的饲料报酬明显高于藏羔羊,育肥期平均每只可多增收49.20元。     

Direct and maternal (co)variance components and heritability estimates for body weights in Chokla sheep

Estimates of (co)variance components were obtained for weights at birth, weaning and 6, 9 and 12 months of age in Chokla sheep maintained at the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India, over a period of 21 years (1980–2000). Records of 2030 lambs descended from 150 rams and 616 ewes were used in the study. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) fitting an animal model and ignoring or including maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects. Six different animal models were fitted for all traits. The best model was chosen after testing the improvement of the log-likelihood values. Direct heritability estimates were inflated substantially for all traits when maternal effects were ignored. Heritability estimates for weight at birth, weaning and 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 0.20, 0.18, 0.16, 0.22 and 0.23, respectively in the best models. Additive maternal and maternal permanent environmental effects were both significant at birth, accounting for 9% and 12% of phenotypic variance, respectively, but the source of maternal effects (additive versus permanent environmental) at later ages could not be clearly identified. The estimated repeatabilities across years of ewe effects on lamb body weights were 0.26, 0.14, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.15 at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. These results indicate that modest rates of genetic progress are possible for all weights.     

Performance of Djallonké Sheep under an Extensive System of Production in Faranah,Guinea

A total of 147 ewes, 4 rams and 188 lambs of their progeny of the Djallonké breed of sheep were used to study the factors affecting reproductive and growth traits and the causes of lamb mortality. Data on ewes were collected during a 12-month period, while those on the lambs born to 123 of the ewes were collected until they were 12 months of age. The average fertility and abortion rates were 0.84 and 0.09. The fertility rate increased and the abortion rate decreased with increasing age of the ewes (p<0.05). The number of lambs born per ewe joined, litter weight at birth per ewe joined and litter weight at weaning per ewe joined were 1.28, 3.5 kg and 17 kg, respectively. The average numbers of lambs born per ewe, lambs born alive per ewe, lambs born dead per ewe and lambs per ewe that died between birth and weaning were 1.53, 1.43, 0.03 and 0.3, respectively. The age of the ewes significantly (p<0.05) affected all these traits except the number of dead lambs and the index of fertility (94%). The age of the ewes significantly (p<0.05) affected the birth weight and the weight at 6 and 12 months of age, whereas the lambing season significantly (p<0.05) affected all the growth traits studied. The type of birth was the most important source of variation in body weights of lambs. Sex had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the growth traits studied. The complex `starvation–bad management–light body weight at birth' caused 48% of the lamb mortality between birth and weaning, while diarrhoea, pneumonia and internal and external parasites caused approximately 52% of the lamb mortality over the same period. The seasonal raw mortality rate of the lambs before weaning was highest in the humid season.     

无角陶赛特羊和特克塞尔羊繁殖性能及生长性能的研究

该研究旨在初步了解无角陶赛特羊和特克塞尔羊对甘肃榆中地区的适应性,以便为该地区引进推广良种肉羊提供依据。以兰州奉特动物科技有限公司榆中肉羊繁育中心的无角陶赛特羊和特克塞尔羊为研究对象,对其2016—2018年的繁殖性能进行了分析,同时对2018年无角陶赛特羔羊和特克塞尔羔羊从出生到2月龄(断奶)的生长发育性能进行了测定。结果表明:从2016年到2018年无角陶赛特羊、特克塞尔羊的繁殖率、产羔率、双羔率均在逐年提高;特克塞尔羔羊初生重、1月龄重以及2月龄重均高于无角陶赛特羔羊,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);特克塞尔羔羊1月龄胸宽、2月龄胸宽和体长均显著高于无角陶赛特羔羊(P<0.05),其他体尺指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。说明两个肉羊品种在甘肃榆中地区均有良好的繁殖性能以及较高的生长性能,均可在榆中及其周边地区推广养殖。     

Relationships between growth and productivity of range ewes

The relationships between various measures of growth and productivity of range sheep were investigated, utilizing records of 1,109 range ewes sired by 269 rams. Body weights and degree of maturity of body weight at birth, weaning, 12 mo, 18 mo, 30 mo and absolute growth rate, absolute maturing rate and relative growth rate over various age intervals were studied relative to their relationship with productivity characters. Measures of ewe productivity were average annual production for the 4-yr period, 2 through 5 yr of age, for grease fleece weight, number of lambs born, number of lambs weaned and weight of lambs weaned. Heritability estimates were .31 +/- .11 for grease fleece weight, .42 +/- .12 for number of lambs born, .08 +/- .10 for number of lambs weaned and .03 +/- .10 for weight of lambs weaned. All production characters had positive phenotypic correlations (.04 to .22) with body weight at all ages. Both number of lambs born and weight of lambs weaned had small positive phenotypic correlations with growth rates over the 12- to 18-mo age interval. The genetic correlations between ewe productivity and weights at different ages were variable, ranging from -.71 between weaning weight and grease fleece weight to values greater than 1.00 for correlations between weight of lambs weaned and weights at birth, weaning and 18-mo. Degree of maturity at 12 mo had positive genetic correlations with all production characters. Estimated genetic correlations between number of lambs born and absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and absolute maturing rate over the 12- to 18-mo age interval were positive.     

鲁中肉羊初生体尺体重的遗传参数估计

为估计鲁中肉羊初生重、体高、体长、胸宽、胸深、胸围和管围的遗传参数,利用2018年上半年出生的611只鲁中肉羊的初生体尺体重数据,采用AI-REML (Average information restricted maximum likelihood)算法,借助DMU软件分析以产羔数为固定效应、个体加性遗传效应为随机效应的多性状动物模型。结果表明:鲁中肉羊初生重、胸宽、胸深、体高、体长、胸围和管围的遗传力分别为0.16、0.10、0.22、0.44、0.43、0.46和0.52,各性状之间遗传相关为-0.517～0.773,表型相关为-0.197～0.503。说明鲁中肉羊初生重、胸宽和胸深为低遗传力性状,体高、体长、胸围和管围为中等遗传力性状。     

Genetic correlations between growth and reproductive traits in Zandi sheep

For the first time, the current study reports the genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth and reproductive traits in Zandi sheep. The data were comprised of 4,309 records of lamb growth traits from 1,378 dams and 273 sires plus 2,588 records of reproductive traits from 577 ewes. These data were extracted from available performance records at Khojir Breeding Station of Zandi sheep in Tehran, Iran, from 1993 to 2008. Correlations were estimated from two animal models in a bivariate analysis using restricted maximum likelihood procedure between lamb growth traits [birth weight (BW), weaning weight at 3 months of age (WW), as well as six-month weight (6 MW)] and ewe reproductive traits [litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW)]. The genetic correlations between BW and reproductive traits varied from low to high ranges from 0.10 for BW–LSB to 0.86 for BW–TLWB. WW was moderately (0.37) to highly (0.96) correlated with all the reproductive traits. Moreover, the genetic correlations were observed between 6 MW and reproductive traits, varied from 0.19 to 0.95. Relationships between growth and reproductive traits ranged from 0.01 for BW–LSW to 0.28 for BW–TLWB in phenotypic effects. Results indicated that selection to improve WW would have high effect on genetic response in TLWW, and also, these results could be effective for all of the reproductive traits in Zandi sheep.     

Genetic Analysis of Growth Traits in Muzaffarnagari sheep

Data on 4112 Muzaffarnagari sheep, maintained at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India, and recorded between 1976 and 1999, were analysed to study the growth-related traits and their genetic control. The average weights at birth, and at 12 months of age were 3.1±0.2 and 28.0±0.6 kg, respectively. The pre- and post-weaning average daily weight gains were 127.8±3.3 g and 49.4±1.6 g, and the associated growth efficiencies were 3.59±0.08 and 0.95±0.03. Significant differences associated with the year of lambing were observed in body weight, weight gain and efficiency in weight gain at different stages of growth. The lambs born in the dam's second parity were generally of heavier weight and higher daily weight gain than those born in other parities. Males were heavier and had a higher weight gain than females at almost all stages of growth and the differences tended to increase with age. Single-born lambs had a distinct advantage over those born in multiple births at all stages of growth. The heritabilities of all body weights, weight gains and efficiency in weight gains at different stages of growth were moderate (0.18–0.26), except for birth weight, which was of low heritability (0.068±0.01). The phenotypic and genetic correlations among the different body weights were positive and high, except for birth weight. The genetic correlation of the pre- and post-weaning average daily weight gains with body weights were high and positive.     

Straightbred comparison of a composite population and the Suffolk breed for performance traits of sheep

A terminal sire Composite population was formed by mating Columbia rams to Hampshire-Suffolk crossbred ewes. Subsequent generations were produced by inter se mating. The objective was to compare Composite sheep to purebred Suffolks for numerous performance traits. Young ewes lambing at 1 yr of age were evaluated separately from mature ewes (2, 3, 4, and 5 yr old) of each population. Composite and Suffolk populations did not differ significantly in components of litter weaning weight per young ewe joined. Mature Composite ewes produced more wool than Suffolk ewes. Fertility of mature ewes did not differ significantly between populations. The greater prolificacy (P less than .01) of mature Suffolk ewes was offset by a lower survival to weaning (P less than .01), particularly for twin-born lambs. Consequently, mature Composite and Suffolk ewes did not differ for number weaned and litter weaning weight per ewe joined. The average birth weight of lambs born to young and mature Composite ewes was greater (P less than .02) than the average birth weight of Suffolk lambs. The average weaning weight of lambs born to young Composite ewes was greater (P less than .05) than that of lambs born to young Suffolk ewes. Breed differences were not detected for preweaning daily gains, weaning weights, and postweaning daily gains of ewe lambs born to mature ewes. Likewise, weights of ewes at 125 d of age and weights of mature ewes at breeding did not differ significantly between breeds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

非遗传因素对多胎细毛羊初生重和断奶重的影响

本研究旨在分析影响多胎细毛羊出生重和断奶重的因素,为优质多产细毛羊的选育奠定基础.利用SPSS19.0软件对多胎细毛羊羔羊的初生重和断奶重进行了描述性统计分析,并利用SAS9.2软件的GLM(最小二乘方差分析)程序对新疆科创畜牧繁育中心2009-2019年多胎细毛羊1 567条产羔记录分析出生年份、出生月份、性别和母羊...     

Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic parameters for reproduction, growth and survival traits in crosses between the Moroccan D'man and Timahdite sheep breeds

Genetic breed differences, heterosis, recombination loss, and heritability for reproduction traits, lamb survival and growth traits to 90 days of age were estimated from crossing D'man and Timahdite Moroccan breeds. The crossbreeding parameters were fitted as covariates in the model of analysis. The REML method was used to estimate (co)variance components using an animal model. The first estimation of crossbreeding effects for Timahdite and D'man breeds shows that breed differences in litter traits are mainly of maternal genetic origin: +1.04 lambs, +1.88 kg, +0.60 lambs, and +2.23 kg in favour of D'man breed for litter size at lambing, litter weight at lambing, litter size at weaning, and litter weight at 90 days, respectively. The breed differences in lamb growth and survival are also of maternal genetic origin for the majority of traits studied, but in favour of the Timahdite breed: +3.48 kg, +45 g day⁻¹ and +0.19 lambs for weight at 90 days, for average daily gain between 30 and 90 days of age, and for lamb survival to 90 days, respectively. The D'man direct genetic effect was low and negative for survival and birth weight of lambs during the first month of life. All traits studied showed positive heterosis effects. Recombination loss effects were not significant. Therefore, crossbreeding of Timahdite with D'man breeds of sheep can result in an improved efficiency of production of saleable lambs. Heritability estimates were medium for litter size but low for the other reproduction traits. Direct heritabilities were low for body weights and lamb survival at 90 days and the corresponding maternal heritabilities showed, however, low to moderate estimates. For litter traits, the estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive and particularly high for genetic correlations.