复合益生菌对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清指标的影响

为研究复合益生菌对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清生化指标、抗氧化指标、免疫指标的影响,将40头荷斯坦公犊牛随机分成四组(对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组),分别在基础饲料中添加0、0.05％、0.1％、0.2％的复合益生菌,试验期为60 d.结果 表明:(1)中剂量组、高剂量组的末重较对照组分别提高2.79％、3...     

噬菌体复合制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究噬菌体复合制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响。选取14 000只体重（850±45） g的37日龄青脚麻鸡,随机分为2组,分别是对照组（基础饲粮）和试验组（基础饲粮+109PFU/mL的噬菌体复合制剂）,每组7个重复,每个重复1 000只,试验期27 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,试验组的料重比下降2.81%(P>0.05)。2）与对照组相比,43日龄时,试验组肉鸡胸腺指数和脾脏指数分别增加16.80%(P<0.05)和7.14%(P>0.05);52日龄时,肉鸡法氏囊指数和胸腺指数分别增加8.55%(P>0.05)和7.37%(P>0.05);61日龄时,肉鸡法氏囊指数增加39.66%(P>0.05);43、52及61日龄时,试验组肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别增加15.85%(P>0.05)、29.54%(P>0.05)和1.45%(P>0.05)。3）与对照组相比,43、52及61日龄时,试验组肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高（P<0.05）。4）在门水平上,...     

乳酸菌对仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

文章旨在探究饲料中添加乳酸菌对仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,试验以360头仔猪为研究对象,根据乳酸菌的添加量划分为6组,对照组饲喂常规饲料,其余5组中饲料乳酸菌的添加水平分别为0.25%,0.5%,0.75%,1%和1.25%,分别投喂对应的饲料,饲养试验为期35 d。结果表明：随着饲料中乳酸菌添加水平的不断上升,0.75%组仔猪日均采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,对仔猪料重比无显著影响（P＞0.05）|在各个饲料添加组中,0.75%组中仔猪的腹泻率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）|在所有试验组中,0.75%组仔猪的免疫球蛋白A,M和补体C3的含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）|随着饲料中乳酸菌含量的不断增加,仔猪血清IL-6和IL-8含量先下降后上升,TNF-α的含量不断下降|对仔猪大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌的含量无显著影响（P＞0.05）。因此,饲料中添加适宜水平的乳糖菌能显著提高仔猪日增重、平均日采食量和动物的生长发育速度,降低仔猪腹泻率、机体炎症反应,增强动物免疫功能。[关键词]乳酸菌|仔猪|免疫功能|肠道菌群     

复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响.选取1日龄科宝500肉鸡360只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只肉鸡,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和添加0.5％(Ⅰ组)、1.0％(Ⅱ组)和1.5％(Ⅲ组)复合益生菌制剂的饲粮,试验期42 d.结果 表明:1～21日龄时,Ⅲ组肉鸡...     

复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

为研究探讨肉仔鸡日粮中添加不同剂量的复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂的临床应用提供参考依据,将150只AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组(对照组、抗生素组、复合微生态制剂Ⅰ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%的肉鸡饲用金霉素,复合微生态制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂,测定平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、大肠杆菌数、沙门氏菌数、双歧杆菌数、乳酸杆菌数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、IgG含量、IgA含量、IgM含量等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加平均日采食量、平均日增重、乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。与抗生素组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。表明肉仔鸡饲料中添加0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂可显著改善提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能,其在改善肠道菌群和免疫功能方面的作用效果显著优于抗生素。     

复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响。将 ２４０只 １日龄雌性健康肉鸡随机分为 ４组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 ２０只。试验预试期 ５ｄ,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,在饲喂基础饲粮同时,分别定时在饮水中添加复合微生态制剂 Ａ及其佐剂 Ｂ,其中复合微生态制剂 Ａ的添加水平为饲粮的２．０‰,６日龄时开始添加,每周 ２次,每次饮用量为周采食量 ２．０‰的 １／２;复合微生态制剂佐剂Ｂ在 ７、１４和 ２１日龄免疫后分别连续使用 ３ｄ,每天 １次,每次饮用量为日采食量的 ０．５‰、１．０‰和 ２．０‰。正试期为 ３７ｄ。测定各组生产性能、肠道菌群数量、抗氧化指标和免疫指标。结果表明：１）在每个试验阶段,Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,料重比均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且除 ７～１４日龄和 １５～２１日龄料重比外,Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重最高,料重比最低,与其他组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）１４日龄和 ２８日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２８日龄时,仅Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）２１、２８和 ３５日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡血浆总抗氧化能力均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。４）１４日龄和 ４２日龄时,Ⅳ组肉鸡的脾脏指数最高,均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４、２８和 ４２日龄时,Ⅲ组肉鸡的法氏囊指数均较高,显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可知,２．０‰复合微生态制剂 Ａ和 ０．５‰复合微生态制剂佐剂 Ｂ能够提高肉鸡生产性能,改善其肠道微生态环境,提高其抗氧化能力。同时,复合微生态制剂及其佐剂的添加可在一定程度上增强肉鸡免疫功能。     

不同复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能、血液和免疫指标及肠道菌群的影响

为探讨饲料中添加不同复合酶制剂对罗斯肉鸡血液理化指标、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响.本研究用单因素设计,选390只零日龄健康罗斯肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组设6个重复,每个重复设13只鸡进行为期6周试验,设3段日粮.对照组饲喂基础日粮(代谢能依次为13.87、14.44、15.17 MJ/kg),试验I、II、III、IV...     

复合乳酸菌发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究复合乳酸菌发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响.选取平均体重(40.69±1.16)kg的健康"长×大"二元生长猪90头,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1％和3％复合乳酸菌发酵饲料的试验饲粮,试验期3...     

复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响。选取(30±2)日龄平均体重为(8.15±0.05)kg的莱芜黑猪断奶仔猪96头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复(公母各占1/2),每个重复4头猪。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂不添加任何益生菌和抗生素的基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为复合微生态制剂组,在基础饲粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素;Ⅲ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素;Ⅳ组为肽菌素和抗生素混用组,在基础饲粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素的同时添加200 mg/kg的喹乙醇和110 mg/kg的吉他霉素。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明,1)Ⅱ组平均日增重较Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别显著提高了13.16%、15.77%和10.66%(P0.05),F/G分别显著降低了8.54%、12.10%和6.50%(P0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组均显著降低了仔猪腹泻率(P0.05)。2)与Ⅰ和Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组肝脏指数和脾脏指数分别提高了12.13%、24.76%和14.60%、12.45%,血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白A含量分别提高了49.73%、37.50%和61.05%、46.67%,且差异均显著(P0.05)。3)与Ⅰ和Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组显著降低了胃和十二指肠内容物的p H(P0.05),且显著提高了盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05)。由此可知,本试验条件下,饲粮添加1.0‰复合微生态制剂肽菌素可改善断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,促进免疫器官的发育,提高血清中免疫球蛋白含量,增强仔猪免疫力,降低胃和十二指肠内容物p H,改善肠道菌群平衡。     

乳酸菌培养物对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究灭活乳酸菌培养物对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响。选择300只体重相近的健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,雌、雄各半。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.01%金霉素,乳酸菌培养物组分别在基础日粮中添加0.16%乳酸菌培养物L1、L2、L3。试验期42 d,分1~21日龄(前期)和22~42日龄(后期)2个阶段。结果显示,1~21日龄时,乳酸菌培养物L1组肉鸡平均日采食量极显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.01),血清中白介素-2(IL-2)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌培养物L2组肉鸡脾脏指数、胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌培养物L3组肉鸡平均日增重极显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.01);抗生素组肉鸡血清中γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)含量显著高于乳酸菌培养物组(P<0.05)。22~42日龄时,乳酸菌培养物L1、L2组肉鸡平均日增重极显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.01);乳酸菌培养物L2组肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05),血清新城疫抗体效价及脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌培养物L3组肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量及胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可知,在肉鸡日粮中添加一定量的灭活乳酸菌培养物可在一定程度上提高肉鸡的生长性能、增强其免疫功能,其中,对于提高肉鸡的生长性能,试验前期添加L3效果较好,试验后期添加L1和L2效果较好;对于增强肉鸡的免疫功能,试验前期添加L1效果较好,试验后期添加L2效果较好。     

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Cultures on Growth Performance and Immunity Function of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of inactivated lactic acid bacteria cultures on growth performance and immunity function of broilers.A total of 300 one-day-old AA broilers with similar weight were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate (half male and half female).The control group was fed a basal diet;The antibiotic group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.01% chlortetracycline;The lactic acid bacteria cultures groups (L1, L2, L3) were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.16% lactic acid bacteria cultures L1, L2, L3, respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days, including two phase of days 1 to 21 (starter period) and days 22 to 42 (finisher period).The results showed as follows:From 1 to 21 days of age, ADFI of broilers in lactic acid bacteria cultures group L1 was extremely significant higher than that in control and antibiotic groups (P<0.01), the serum content of IL-2 was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), the indexes of spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The indexes of spleen and thymus of broilers in lactic acid bacteria cultures group L2 were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05);ADG of broilers in lactic acid bacteria cultures group L3 was extremely significant higher than that in control and antibiotic groups (P<0.01);The serum content of IFN-γ of broilers in antibiotic group was significantly higher than that in lactic acid bacteria cultures groups (P<0.05).From 22 to 42 days of age, ADG of broilers in lactic acid bacteria cultures group L1 and group L2 were extremely significant higher than that in control and antibiotic groups (P<0.01);The serum content of IgG was significantly higher than that in antibiotic group (P<0.05), Newcastle disease antibody titers in serum and the indexes of spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius of broilers were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05);The serum content of IgA and the thymus index of broilers in lactic acid bacteria cultures group L3 were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).Therefore, supplementing inactivated lactic acid bacteria cultures in a diet could improve growth performance and immunity function of broilers to some extent.Among them, adding L3 was better during starter period for improving growth performance of broilers, while add L1 and L2 during finisher period.Adding L1 was better during starter period for improving immunity function of broilers, while add L2 during finisher period.     

菌酶协同对里岔黑猪断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响

[目的]研究菌酶协同饲喂模式对里岔黑猪断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。[方法]选取80头28日龄体重为（6.72±0.12）kg的健康里岔黑猪断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组（基础日粮）、益生菌组（1‰的益生菌）、酶制剂组（1‰的酶制剂）、菌酶协同组（1‰的益生菌+1‰的酶制剂）。试验期为35 d,预饲期为7 d,正饲期为28 d。计算各组平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、腹泻指数,测定血清IgM及IgG含量,通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析肠道菌群组成及相对丰度。[结果]与对照组相比,益生菌组、酶制剂组、菌酶协同组平均日采食量显著（P<0.05）提高;酶制剂组、菌酶协同组平均日增重显著（P<0.05）提高,料重比显著（P<0.05）降低;益生菌组和菌酶协同组腹泻指数极显著（P<0.01）降低。益生菌组、酶制剂组、菌酶协同组血清IgG、IgM含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组。益生菌组、酶制剂组、菌酶协同组肠道菌群Chao1指数显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;门水平上,益生菌组、菌酶协同组拟杆菌门相对丰度显著（P<0.05）高于对照组。[结论]菌酶协同饲喂模式可以提高里岔黑猪断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低腹泻指数,具有提高断奶仔猪免疫力、改善肠道菌群结构的作用。     

氧化锌对新生犊牛生长性能、免疫功能及直肠微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究氧化锌对新生犊牛生长性能、免疫功能及直肠微生物菌群的影响。试验选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成4组,每组6头牛(2公4母)。对照组(Zn-0组)犊牛仅饲喂牛奶和开食料;试验组犊牛在饲喂牛奶和开食料的基础上,每日分别添加40(Zn-40组)、80(Zn-80组)、120mg(Zn-120组)氧化锌(以锌计)。试验期14d。结果表明:不同水平氧化锌对犊牛平均日增重、牛奶采食量、开食料采食量、总采食量和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组犊牛腹泻率均有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着饲粮中氧化锌添加水平的增加,犊牛血清中免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M和免疫球蛋白A含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),直肠内乳酸菌含量呈线性增加(P<0.05),直肠内大肠杆菌含量有线性下降的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。综上所述,不同水平氧化锌对新生犊牛生长性能、腹泻率没有显著影响,但与对照组相比,试验组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白含量和直肠中乳酸菌含量增加,直肠中大肠杆菌含量有所降低。     

Studies on Preparation and Application of Fuzhengjiedusan Compound Preparation Fermentated by Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broilers

This study was aimed toproduce compound preparations of Fuzhengjiedusan fermented with Lactic acid bacteria and analyze its effectson growth performancesand immune organ growth of broilers. Firstly, to identify the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on the growth of Lactic acid bacteria, the medium for the growth of Lactic acid bacteria was filled with different proportions of Astragalusmembranaceus, Radix Isatidis, Epimedium and compound Chinese herbal medicine extracts by single factor test. Secondly, to confirm the optimum medium, orthogonal test was used to optimize the culture medium of compound medicine liquid. Finally, 450 one-day-old healthy AA broilers were randomized into three groups, each group had 3 repeats: control group (antibiotics), group Ⅰ(fermented preparation), group Ⅱ (unfermented preparation). The growth and immune organ index were determined in 21 and 42 days after administration. The results showed that the highest viable count of Astragalusmembranaceus, Radix Isatidis, Epimedium and compound medicine liquid groups were increased by 261.64%, 505.48%, 156.16% and 564.38%, respectively, compared with control group. The optimum medium composition was compound medicine liquid 100 mL, brown sugar 2.0 g, peptone 0.3 g, soybean meal 2.0 g. The viable count of fermentation liquid was 7.13×10⁹ CFU/mL.The production results showed that in period of 1~42 days, the daily weight gain of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were separately increased by 17.84% and 8.22% (P<0.05) than that of the control. What's more, the feed conversion rate was reduced by 10.88% (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). At 21 and 42 days, the spleen index of group Ⅰ were improved by 11.04% and 13.58% (P<0.05), respectively. The bursal index were raised by 31.30% and 26.23% (P<0.05), respectively. However, the spleen index of group Ⅱ were improved by 7.79% and 7.41% (P<0.05), respectively. The bursal index were raised by 15.65% and 11.48% (P<0.05), respectively. On the basis of the above results, it could be suggested that Chinese herbal medicine extracts can promote lactic acid bacteria proliferation and compound fermentation liquid can improve growth performance in broilers, as well as immune organ development.     

乳酸菌对猪肠道屏障功能的调节作用及其机制

乳酸菌作为最重要和安全性最高的益生菌来源已被广泛关注,而乳酸菌调控人和动物肠道屏障功能已成为研究的热点,大量的体内外研究表明乳酸菌发挥益生作用的主要机制是通过调节肠道屏障功能实现的.相对于啮齿动物而言,乳酸菌在猪上的应用研究报道很多,对肠黏膜屏障功能的作用研究较少.这些研究尚未触及到乳酸菌作用机制的本质.猪肠道环境的复杂性,使得对乳酸菌调节肠道屏障功能机制的深入认识比较困难.近年来,基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学的发展,为从体内试验的角度解析乳酸菌的确切作用机制提供了新的认识和研究手段.本文综述了乳酸菌对猪肠道屏障功能的调节作用,以期能帮助对乳酸菌的深入认识和科学应用.     

乳酸菌发酵扶正解毒散复合制剂的制备及其在肉鸡上的应用研究

本研究旨在制备一种乳酸菌发酵的扶正解毒散复合制剂,并探索其对肉鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响。首先,利用单因子试验法将不同比例的黄芪、板蓝根、淫羊藿及复合中药提取液添加至乳酸菌的培养基中,测定中药对乳酸菌生长的影响;其次,利用正交试验对复合药液培养基进行优化,确定最佳的培养基配方;最后,选取1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡450只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复:对照组(抗生素)、试验Ⅰ组(发酵制剂)、试验Ⅱ组(未发酵制剂),分别在试验的第21、42天测定肉鸡的生长及免疫器官指标。试验结果显示,黄芪、板蓝根、淫羊藿及复合药液组的最高活菌数与对照组相比分别提高了261.64%、505.48%、156.16%、564.38%。通过正交试验得到复合发酵液最适生产培养基配方:复合药液100 mL、红糖2.0 g、蛋白胨0.3 g、豆粕2.0 g,发酵液活菌数为7.13×10⁹ CFU/mL。肉鸡生长试验结果显示,1~42日龄阶段,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日增重分别比对照组提高了17.84%和8.22% (P<0.05),料肉比分别比对照组降低了10.88%和4.66% (P<0.05),平均日采食量明显高于对照组 (P<0.05);21、42日龄时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组脾指数分别比对照组提高了11.04%和13.58% (P<0.05)、7.79%和7.41% (P<0.05),法氏囊指数分别比对照组提高了31.30%和26.23% (P<0.05)、15.65%和11.48% (P<0.05)。以上试验结果表明中药提取液能促进乳酸菌的增殖,复合发酵液能够提高肉鸡的生长性能并促进免疫器官的发育。