2000年南方水稻区试优良水稻品种介绍

２０００年南方水稻国家区试组织了华南早籼组、华南晚籼组、早籼早中熟组、早籼迟熟组、中籼迟熟组 (Ａ、Ｂ组 )、晚籼早熟组、晚籼中迟熟组和双季晚粳组９个熟组的区试及华南早籼组、早籼中迟熟组、中籼迟熟组、晚籼早熟组和晚籼中迟熟组５个熟组的生产试验 ,供试品种 (组合 )７６个 ,试验点次１５１个。经过对试验资料的分析和区试年会讨论 ,以下８个品种在１～２年区试和生产试验中表现比较突出 ,已推荐全国审定。１．优优１２２籼型杂交组合 ,广东农科院水稻所选育。该组合经过两年区试和一年生产试验 ,表现早熟 ,高产稳产 ,适应性广 ,…     

2002年南方稻区——国家水稻品种区试优良品种介绍

2002年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试组织了华南早籼高产组、华南早籼优质组、华南晚籼组、早籼早中熟组、早籼迟熟组、长江上游中籼迟熟高产组、长江上游中籼迟熟优质组、长江中下游中籼迟熟高产组、长江中下游中籼迟熟优质组、晚籼早熟高产组、晚籼早熟优质组、晚籼中迟熟高产组、晚籼中迟熟优质组、单季晚粳组以及武陵山区中籼组15个类型 (熟期 )组的区试及生产试验 ,参试品种 (组合 )共180个。南方稻区的海南等17个省 (市、自治区 )的74个农业科研、良种繁育、品种管理单位承担了试验工作 ,试验点次229个。经过对试验资料的分析总结和区试年…     

2002年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试优良品种介绍

2002年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试组织了华南早籼高产组、华南早籼优质组、华南晚籼组、早籼早中熟组、早籼迟熟组、长江上游中籼迟熟高产组、长江上游中籼迟熟优质组、长江中下游中籼迟熟高产组、长江中下游中籼迟熟优质组、晚籼早熟高产组、晚籼早熟优质组、晚籼中迟熟高产组、晚籼中迟熟优质组、单季晚粳组以及武陵山区中籼组15个类型 (熟期 )组的区试及生产试验 ,参试品种 (组合 )共180个。南方稻区的海南等17个省 (市、自治区 )的74个农业科研、良种繁育、品种管理单位承担了试验工作 ,试验点次229个。经过对试验资料的分析总结和区试年…     

1998年全国南方稻区水稻品种区试优良品种介绍

1998年全国南方稻区水稻品种区试组织了早讪早中熟组、早舢中迟熟组、中舢迟熟（A、B）组、晚舢早熟组、晚舢中迟熟组、双季晚粳组、华南早舢组、华南晚舢组9个熟组的区域试验和早舢中迟熟组、中轴迟熟组、晚税早熟组、晚制中迟熟组、双季晚粳组、华南早舢纷、华南晚籼组7个熟组的生产试验。供试品种（组合）87个，试验点次162个。经过对各点次试验资料的总结分析，有11个品种（组合）在区试和生产试验中表现比较突出，推荐全国品种审定。介绍如下；（1）特优18三系杂交稻组合，广西区玉林地区农科所选育。1997年参加华南早舢组区试，平均…     

1992～1993年南方稻区区试主要结果

1992～1993年南方稻区区试组织开展了早中熟早籼、中熟早籼和双季晚粳3个熟组(类型）的试验．南方稻区13个省(市、自治区)35个水稻科研、良种繁育单位作为试点参加了该项试验。早中熟早籼组试点19个,分布范围北纬25°51’～30°32’,东经105°28’～120°40。     

2002年北方稻区国家水稻品种试验优良品种介绍

2002年北方稻区国家水稻品种试验共组织了豫粳6号组、中作93组、金珠1号组、秋光组、吉玉粳A组、吉玉粳B组和长白9号组共7个熟期组的区试及豫粳6号组、中作93组、秋光组、吉玉粳A组共计4个熟期组的生产试验。供试品种 (组合 )共计91个 ,来自北方稻区16个省 (市、自治区 )的46个     

江西双季稻不同品种搭配模式对产量与效益的影响

以双季高产为目标,在江西开展早、晚稻不同品种搭配模式研究,结果表明,在全球气候变暖的大背景下,不同熟期品种合理搭配,适当延长双季周年生育期,不但有利于提高双季总产量,还有利于提高光温、肥水资源利用效率.在江西南部,"早籼(中熟)+晚籼(迟熟)"模式及"早籼(中熟)+晚粳"模式较佳;在江西北部,"早籼(早熟)+晚粳"模式...     

1999年全国北方稻区水稻品种区试优良品种介绍

１９９９年全国北方稻区水稻品种区试共组织了豫粳６号组、津稻１１８７组、中丹２号组、秋光组和吉玉粳组５个熟期组的区试及豫粳６号组、津稻１１８７组、秋光组和吉玉粳组４个熟期组的生产试验。供试品种 (组合 )共计４９个 ,试验点次６２个。经过对试验资料的初步分析总结 ,有９个品种 (组合 )在区试和生产试验中比较突出 ,拟推荐全国品种审定委员会审定。现介绍如下 :(１)９Ａ／Ｃ４１８ :江苏省徐州市农科所选育。１９９８～１９９９年参加国家北方水稻区试,两年平均单产６２２．１ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,较对照增产９．６１ %。１９９９…     

中国南方水稻品种的粒重及其与主要性状间的关系

对“十五”期间南方稻区国家水稻品种区试的946个(次)参试品种的千粒重分析表明,华南早籼中大粒、中粒、中小粒品种各占30%左右;华南晚籼以中小粒、中粒品种为主;长江流域早籼、中籼分别是中粒、中大粒品种占绝大多数,晚籼和晚粳均以中大粒、中粒品种为主。相关分析表明,华南早、晚籼品种的千粒重与产量相关不显著,但长江流域各类型品种的千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关。水稻品种的千粒重与稻瘟病抗性之间不存在明显的内在相关性。长江流域中籼和晚粳品种的千粒重与垩白粒率及垩白度不存在显著相关,其它各类型品种的千粒重与垩白粒率及垩白度呈极显著正相关。提出了今后高产育种、品质育种中各类型品种的理想千粒重指标。     

长江中下游稻区双季晚粳稻产量生理与资源利用效率研究进展

长江中下游稻区是我国水稻主产区,同时又是单、双季稻混作区。目前,随着经济发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对优质大米,尤其是优质粳米的需求日益增加,因此,在双季稻生产中引入粳稻具有重要的现实意义。本文介绍了长江中下游双季稻的温光资源特性,总结了现有双季晚(籼/粳)稻品种的种植表现,从产量、产量结构、干物质积累、群体动态、生育期、温光利用率、稻米品质等方面比较了长江中下游稻区晚粳与晚籼的可能差异。总体来说,双季晚粳在产量、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等方面均显著高于晚籼;前期干物质积累两者无显著差异,但是后期干物质积累量晚粳要高于晚籼,晚粳的灌浆率显著高于晚籼,这预示着双季晚粳具有更高的产量潜力。粳稻比籼稻有着较平稳的茎蘖动态,这使其具有更强的后期光合能力、更高的后期光能利用率;全生育期晚粳比晚籼长,主要体现在推迟抽穗结实,延长结实灌浆期;粳稻全生育期积温和光照时数均显著高于籼稻,粳稻后期叶面积指数大于籼稻,光合势亦高于籼稻,而在生育前期(拔节至抽穗期)两者对温光资源的利用基本相当,因此温光利用率晚粳显著高于晚籼;另外,晚粳的稻米品质要优于晚籼。因此,相对于双季晚籼,双季晚粳具有更高的应用推广价值。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.