七氟醚氟烷异氟醚对犬心脏功能影响的临床比较

为评价七氟醚对心脏功能的影响。并与氟烷和异氟醚作比较，对动物医院就诊、心肺功能正常、拟作手术治疗的8例患犬进行麻醉试验，所有犬均以l-美散痛和安定和为麻醉前给药，分别以1.5%七氟醚、1.0%七氟醚与66.7%笑气、1.0%氟烷、1.5%异氟醚维持手术麻醉，并作人工呼吸，各组均未观察到心律异常，手术麻醉期间，七氟醚组犬心率降幅（4.73%）低于异氟醚组（9.74%)或氟烷组（10.23%)。七氟醚组、氟烷组和异氟醚组的收缩压/舒张压轻度升高（七氟醚3.38%/11.93%氟烷6.09%/9.09%，异氟醚4.82%/6.25%)。而七氟醚与笑气组的收缩压/舒张压则降低（6.84%/5.73%)。证实七氟醚应为临床首选的吸入麻醉剂。     

新型吸入麻醉剂-七氟醚的研究进展II.兽医药效学

新型吸入麻醉剂七氟醚在犬、猫、马、鼠的 MAC分别为 2 .1 0～ 2 .36 ,2 .5 8,2 .31 ,2 .40～ 2 .5 0 Vol%。像异氟醚那样 ,七氟醚可降低脑血管阻力、脑代谢率、脑耗氧量、心肌收缩功能和血压。七氟醚可引起猫惊厥。虽然猪的心跳在七氟醚麻醉下维持稳定 ,但研究表明犬的心率则升高。七氟醚麻醉下引起心律失常的肾上腺素剂量与异氟醚相似 ,但大大高于氟烷或安氟醚。七氟醚对呼吸道的刺激性明显低于其他吸入麻醉剂。尚未见其肝肾毒性。七氟醚已向理想的吸入麻醉剂方向迈出了更进一步     

新型吸入麻醉剂－七氟醚的研究进展II. 兽医药效学

新型吸入麻醉剂七氟醚在犬、猫、马、鼠的MAC分别为2.10～2.36, 2.58, 2.31, 2.40～2.50 Vol％。像异氟醚那样，七氟醚可降低脑血管阻力、脑代谢率、脑耗氧量、心肌收缩功能和血压。七氟醚可引起猫惊厥。虽然猪的心跳在七氟醚麻醉下维持稳定，但研究表明犬的心率则升高。七氟醚麻醉下引起心律失常的肾上腺素剂量与异氟醚相似，但大大高于氟烷或安氟醚。七氟醚对呼吸道的刺激性明显低于其他吸入麻醉剂。尚未见其肝肾毒性。七氟醚已向理想的吸入麻醉剂方向迈出了更进一步。     

新型吸入麻醉剂—七氟醚的研究进展Ⅱ．兽医药效学

新型吸入麻醉剂七氟醚在犬、猫、马、鼠的MAC分别为2．10－2．36，2．58，2．31，2．40－2．50Vol%。像异氟醚那样，七氟醚可降低脑血管阻力、脑代谢率、脑耗氧量、心肌收缩功能和血压。七氟醚可引起猫惊厥。虽然猪的心跳在七氟醚麻醉下继持稳定，但研究表明犬的心率则升高。七氟醚麻醉下引起的心律失常的肾上腺素剂量与异氟醚相似，但大大高于氟烷或安氟醚。七氟醚对呼吸道的刺激性明显低于其他吸入麻醉剂。尚未见其肝肾毒性。七氟醚已向理想的吸入麻醉剂方向迈出了更进一步。     

七氟醚、氟烷、异氟醚对犬肝肾功能影响的临床比较

为评价七氟醚对肝肾功能的影响，并与氟烷和异氟醚作比较，对动物医院就诊的心肺功能正常，拟作手术治疗的61头患犬进行麻醉试验，所有犬均以l-美散痛和安定作为麻醉前给药。分别以1．5％七氟醚、1．0％氟烷、1．5％异氟醚维持手术麻醉，所有3组中无一组可见肝肾毒性副作用。至七氟醚麻醉后48h，GLDH，AST，ALT，γ-GT，总胆红素，AP，尿素氮和肌酐显示正常。     

气相色谱法测定孕畜血液和呼气中的安氟醚浓度

气相色谱法测定孕畜血液和呼气中的安氟醚浓度季玉玲１华修国２侯加法１王圣田１（１．南京农业大学２１００９５；２．上海农学院）安氟醚（Ｅｔｈｒａｎｅ，Ｅｎｆｌｕｒａｎｅ），是一种吸入麻醉剂，具有麻醉力强，麻醉诱导和麻醉后苏醒平稳，排泄迅速，肺泡浓度极易与...     

乳化异氟醚及异氟醚对犬血清中C反应蛋白及总补体含量的影响

为了研究乳化异氟醚及异氟醚对犬血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)及总补体(CH50)含量的影响,将40只犬随机均分为乳化异氟醚复合制剂麻醉组(RYM组)、异氟醚麻醉组(YM组)、乳化异氟醚复合制剂麻醉+手术(RYMS)及异氟醚麻醉+手术(YMS)四组。RYM、YM两组只进行麻醉不进行手术,RYMS、YMS两组在实施麻醉的同时分别进行肠管吻合术,在麻醉前(T0)、手术完成即刻(T1,而RYM和YM组在麻醉后35~40 min进行采样)、术后24 h(T2)、术后48 h(T3)、术后72 h(T4)等时间点,采血,测定血清中CRP及CH50含量。结果表明,乳化异氟醚复合麻醉及麻醉下手术对犬血清中CRP、CH50含量的影响,与异氟醚相似,两者无明显的差异。     

异氟醚麻醉对兔心肺功能的影响

为了探讨麻醉兔的新方法来满足复杂外科手术需要,采用异氟醚吸入麻醉,研究异氟醚对兔心肺功能的影响以判断其麻醉兔的安全性。结果显示:随着吸入浓度的增加,心率、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、呼吸次数极显著降低(P<0.01);浓度为3.5%(P<0.05)、4.5%(P<0.01)时,血氧饱个度显著或极显著升高;潮气量、每公斤每分钟呼吸量、吸气时间、氧气流量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:异氟醚麻醉对兔心脏功能有抑制作用,对肺功能影响较小。     

动·物·吸·入·麻·醉·研·究·进·展

吸入麻醉是利用气体或经挥发出来的气体通过呼吸道进入体内而起到麻醉作用的。吸入麻醉具有麻醉效果好，麻醉深度易掌握，麻醉及复苏迅速平稳等优点，在全身麻醉中占据重要地位。吸入麻醉的发展距今已有一个世纪之久，从最开始使用吸入高浓度的二氧化碳到乙醚，到现在广泛使用氟烷、甲氧氟烷、安氟醚、异氟醚、地氟醚及七氟醚。吸入麻醉的发展是相当快的，在国外，兽医麻醉基本上是与医学界并驾齐驱，吸入麻醉的发展已经达到很先进的地步，拥有先进的麻醉机、监控仪等设备、手段及专门的麻醉医师。相比之下，我国兽医界麻醉的发展落后。     

异丙酚诱导下犬异氟醚吸入麻醉的临床效果观察

异氟醚(Iso)是一种含卤素的新型吸人麻醉药,由Terrell于1965年合成,1978年后开始大量应用于临床.异氟醚的物理性状和药理作用与安氟醚相同,但在药代学方面,体内蓄积较少,毒性更低.本文拟探讨以异丙酚(Prop)为诱导麻醉剂,辅助吸人笑气(N2O)对犬进行复合吸入麻醉,并观察其临床效果以及对犬肝、肾功能的影响.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。