共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Hui Jin Yan Zhang Genying Li Peiyuan Mu Zheru Fan Xianchun Xia Zhonghu He 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
High-molecular-weight glutenin (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin (LMW-GS) subunits play an important role in determining wheat quality. To clarify the contribution of each subunit/allele to processing quality, 25 near-isogenic lines with different HMW-GS and LMW-GS compositions grown at two locations during the 2010 cropping season were used to investigate the effects of allelic variation on milling parameters, mixograph properties, raw white Chinese noodle (RWCN) and northern style Chinese steamed bread (NSCSB) qualities. The results showed that Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 made a large contribution to determining mixograph properties and processing quality, respectively. Subunit pairs 17 + 18 and 5 + 10, and alleles Glu-A3b, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3g and Glu-D3f made significant contributions to mixograph properties and no significant difference was detected on most parameters of RWCN and NSCSB for the allelic variation of HMW-GS and LMW-GS. The allelic interactions among glutenin loci had significant effects on wheat quality. The line with 1, 17 + 18, 2 + 12, Glu-A3c, Glu-B3b, Glu-D3c associated with superior mixograph properties, the line with 1, 7 + 9, 2 + 12, Glu-A3c, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3c had superior viscoelasticity of RWCN, and the line with 1, 7 + 9, 2 + 12, Glu-A3e, Glu-B3b, Glu-D3c had the highest total score of NSCSB. These results provide useful information for genetic improvement of the qualities of traditional Chinese wheat products. 相似文献
2.
Sewa Ram Shikha SharmaAnukriti Verma Bhudeva Singh TyagiRoberto J. Peña 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(3):488-493
One hundred and eighty-two bread wheat cultivars developed in India were characterized for low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins using SDS-PAGE and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess allelic diversity encoded by Glu-3 loci, as well as their utility for correctly identifying different alleles. SDS-PAGE indicated Glu-A3c is present in 64.6% of the cultivars, Glu-A3b in 13.8%, Glu-A3d in 12.7% and Glu-A3e/f in 8.8%. Seven types of alleles were present at the Glu-B3 locus: Glu-B3b (29.3%), Glu-B3g (27.0%), Glu-B3h (13.8%), Glu-B3i (16.1%), Glu-B3j (12.1%), Glu-B3c (0.6%) and Glu-B3d (1.1%). SDS-PAGE found three types of Glu-D3 alleles: Glu-D3a (30.2%), Glu-D3b (67.1%) and Glu-D3c (2.7%). However, PCR found two different alleles in cultivars classified as carrying Glu-D3a and three alleles in those identified as carrying Glu-D3b cultivars, indicating a more complex nature of the Glu-D3 locus. In conclusion, the data found greater consistency between the SDS-PAGE and PCR amplification patterns of alleles such as Glu-A3c, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3g, Glu-B3h and Glu-B3i, and less consistency between those same patterns in the Glu-A3b, Glu-A3e/f and Glu-B3b alleles. More studies are needed in order to achieve unambiguous identification of the Glu-3 alleles and thereby allow their greater utility in germplasm evaluation and breeding. 相似文献
3.
Quality and endosperm storage protein variation in Argentinean grown bread wheat. I. Allelic diversity and discrimination between cultivars 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Genetic variability for endosperm storage proteins was analysed in 119 Argentinean grown bread wheat cultivars. For the HMW-GS, three, six and two alleles were observed at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci, respectively, in 17 allelic combinations. The majority of these combinations were considered to be associated with good quality. For the LMW-GS, eight, seven and four alleles were provisionally observed at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci, respectively, in 51 allelic combinations. Regarding quality, the alleles present at Glu-D3 were mainly those previously shown to be associated with good quality, whereas at Glu-A3 and Glu-B3, some alleles previously associated with poor quality were present at high frequency. Relatively few cultivars carried combinations for all the loci studied that would be expected to be associated with high quality. The mean genetic variation index (H) observed for the glutenin loci (0.589) was similar to values observed in other collections. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) of the six loci plus the Chinese Spring-Cheyenne CSS–CNN difference showed that the 119 cultivars fell into 93 distinct combinations. For complete discrimination between all cultivars they would have to be analysed for additional loci. There remains scope for varietal quality improvement within this germplasm pool. 相似文献
4.
M.-J. Appelbee G.T. Mekuria V. Nagasandra J.P. Bonneau H.A. Eagles R.F. Eastwood D.E. Mather 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
Low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (LWM-GS) are important components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gluten, with important effects on end-use quality. The LMW-GS are encoded at Glu-3 loci (Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3, on the short arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D), each of which exhibits extensive allelic variation. Each locus encodes numerous LMW-GS, some of which have similar electrophoretic mobilities, making it difficult to distinguish among Glu-3 loci. Alleles of the Glu-D3 locus of bread wheat are considered the most problematic to assign. To date, six Glu-D3 alleles, designated a, b, c, d, e and f, have been reported. We report five previously undescribed alleles (g, h, i, j and k), and describe a method for characterizing them using a combination of SDS-PAGE and multiplexed PCR-based DNA markers. This method could be used for accurate identification of Glu-D3 alleles, permitting the estimation of the effects of these alleles on end-use quality and the selection of desirable alleles and allelic combinations in wheat breeding. 相似文献
5.
中国小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基和低分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为给我国优质小麦品种的选育和改良提供科学依据,应用SDS-PAGE方法对我国235份推广品种和高代品系的HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成与分布进行了分析。结果表明,HMW-GS和LMW-GS分别具有39和40种带型组合;5个位点共发现34个等位基因。Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1分别有3、8和6个变异位点;亚基1、Null、7+9、5+10和2+12是主要的HMW-GS类型,频率分别为46.2%、46.2%、44.5%、47.0%和48.3%。Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点(本文不涉及Glu-D3)分别具有6和11个变异位点。Glu-A3c、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3e和Glu-B3j是主要的LMW-GS类型,频率分别为55.1%、21.6%、28%和28.8%。本研究还发现,在品种Z75和绵阳96-319的Glu-D1位点上,亚基组合形式为5+12;在品种周92034的Glu-D1位点,亚基组合形式为2+10。虽然这两种组合形式在本研究中出现的频率很低,但这两种亚基组合在以前的研究中很少出现。 相似文献
6.
Wei ZhengYanchun Peng Junhong MaRudi Appels Dongfa Sun Wujun Ma 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(3):401-408
A total of 485 common landraces of bread wheat were collected from the Yangtze-River region of China. Their high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition was analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Among all landraces tested, 453 were homogeneous for HMW-GS, 32 were heterogeneous, and 37 contained abnormal subunits. A total of 22 alleles were detected, including 3 at Glu-A1, 13 at Glu-B1 and 6 at Glu-D1, respectively. Higher variations occurred at the Glu-B1 locus compared with Glu-A1 and Glu-D1. Glu-A1c (74.0%), Glu-B1b (40.4%), Glu-D1a (84.9%) appeared to be the most frequent alleles at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, respectively. Two alleles ("null" and 1) at the Glu-A1 locus, three allele compositions (7 + 8, 7OE + 8, 7 + 9) at the Glu-B1 locus, and two (2 + 12 and 5 + 10) at the Glu-D1 locus appeared to be the common types in the 485 landraces. Sixteen new alleles represented by abnormal subunits were identified at the Glu-B1 and the Glu-D1 locus. 相似文献
7.
为了从分子水平上探讨优质小麦资源中LMW-GS等位基因与小麦品质的关系,以及在改善小麦品质方面的潜在价值,利用小麦Glu-A3和Glu-B3基因的特异引物从强筋型、中筋型和弱筋型小麦共计10份材料中分离出LMW-GS基因后进行序列分析。结果表明,共发现14个新的核苷酸变异类型和4个肽链变异类型。其中,14个新的核苷酸变异类型中,4个为Glu-A3基因变异类型,1个为Glu-B3基因变异类型,9个为Glu-D3基因变异类型。值得注意的是,有2个半胱氨酸数目特殊的亚基类型被发现,一个是来自师栾02-1含有9个半胱氨酸残基的GluA3-18基因,另一个是来自偃展4110含有7个半胱氨酸残基的GluD3-13基因。 相似文献
8.
为给不同小麦品种低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)的鉴定、品质预测提供快速、准确的方法,以黄淮麦区14个普通小麦品种为材料,首先利用SDS-PAGE和分子标记确定LMW-GS组成,然后采用改进的HPCE体系分离LMW-GS,最后通过控制变量法比对小麦品种间相同亚基以判断各LMW-GS亚基在图谱中对应的峰。结果表明,采用SDS-PAGE和分子标记相结合的方法可以更加准确地鉴定小麦LMW-GS;利用HPCE体系获得的小麦LMW-GS图谱具有很高的重复性,重复试验所得小麦LMW-GS图谱中各个峰迁移时间的相对标准偏差均在0.30%以下;通过控制变量法所建立的小麦LMW-GS图谱可以实现Glu-A3a、Glu-A3c、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3a、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3h的快速鉴定。 相似文献
9.
黄淮麦区小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对黄淮麦区育成推广品种(59个)、2003~2004年度国家黄淮南片和江苏省区试参试品种(42个)、徐州农科所育成的高代品系以及一些育种亲本材料,共计309个品种(材料)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了分析.结果共发现了32个亚基组成类型和16个等位基因变异.在Glu-A1位点发现了Glu-A1a、Glu-A1b、Glu-A1c 3个等位基因;在Glu-B1位点发现了Glu-B1a、Glu-B1b、Glu-B1c、Glu-B1d、Glu-B1e、Glu-B1f、Glu-B1g、Glu-B1h、Glu-B1i、Glu-B1k共10个等位基因;在Glu-D1位点发现了Glu-D1a、Glu-D1b、Glu-D1d 3个等位基因.以Glu-B1位点的变异最为丰富.在这3个位点上分别以等位基因Glu-A1c(null)、Glu-B1b(7 8)和Glu-D1a(2 12)为主,其出现频率分别为58.58%、58.90%和77.99%.高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成以(null,7 8,2 12)和(1,7 8,2 12)为主,分别占所有品种的32.69%和16.18%.在育成推广品种和参试品种中,等位基因变异均为11个;而亚基组成类型则分别为16个和13个.优质高分子量谷蛋白亚基5 10在所有材料、59个已审定推广品种和42个参试品种中的出现频率分别为20.4%、27.1%%和21.4%,频率均较低.这表明新近育成的品种在优质亚基的构成上并未取得较大进展,优质强筋小麦的品质育种还有较大的发展空间.试验结果也表明,黄淮冬麦区小麦品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成类型和等位基因变异较为丰富,但其变异分布很不均匀,存在明显的优势亚基和组成类型. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Cereal Science》1995,21(1):15-23
The Glu-B1, Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 encoded glutenin subunit compositions of a population of synthetic hexaploid wheats (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42), which was random for flour protein (FP), SDS-sedimentation (SDSS), Alveograph strength (W), the tenacity/extensibility (P/G) ratio and bread loaf volume (LV) were examined in this study. The synthetics were produced from various crosses involving several Triticum lurgidum cultivars and Triticum lauschii (coss.) Schmal accessions. The Glu-A1 null allele as well as three Glu-B1 (subunits 7 + 8, 6 + 8 and 20), 13 Glu-D1 and two Glu-B3 (LMW-1 and LMW-2) allelic variants were present in the synthetic population. Thirty-six different glutenin subunit combinations, including the Glu-B1, Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 encoded alleles, were observed. The synthetic hexaploids showed large variations for all quality parameters evaluated. All quality characteristics except one (P/G ratio, which showed no association with allelic variations at Glu-B3) were influenced by allelic variations at the Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 loci; subunits 6 + 8 and 7 + 8 showed significantly better quality effects than subunit 20. Low Mr glutenin subunits LMW-1 and LMW-2 showed both negative and positive quality effects. The Glu-D1 locus of T. tauschii contributed various alleles not found in bread wheat. The influence of new Glu-D1 alleles on the bread-making quality characteristics of the synthetic wheats could not be established, partly because there was a limited frequency of some of the alleles in the population, and partly because some synthetics, having a common Glu-D1 allele, showed quality differences associated with allelic variation at Glu-B1 and/or Glu-B3. Differential quality effects could be observed, however, among some Glu-D1 alleles. Synthetics derived from a common durum wheat source showed better overall quality characteristics and bread loaf volume when they possessed subunits 5 + 12 or 1·5 + 10 than when they had any other Glu-D1 encoded glutenin subunit. 相似文献
11.
In this report, we present a set of 104 ILs with 18 alleles for five glutenin loci. They were developed from crossing and backcrossing 64 varieties as donor parents to Yanzhan 1 as recurrent parent. The effects of the 18 alleles on nine dough quality parameters were evaluated in a similar background using these lines. The results showed that Glu-A1a produced the highest SDS-sedimentation volume (Ssd), midline time x=8 width (MTxW), mixing tolerance (MT) and the lowest weakening slope (WS). At the Glu-B1 locus, Glu-B1f produced the highest values for all quality parameters but WS. At the Glu-D1 locus, Glu-D1d was the best for Ssd, grain hardness (GH), midline peak width (MPW), MTxW and MT. The positive effects of Glu-B1f on GH and Glu-B3b on Ssd were mainly from the effect of GPC. Overall, 5 interactive loci and 13 interactive alleles were found to be significant. No negative interaction between high quality glutenin alleles was detected. The preferred allele combinations for breeding were recommended based on the additive and interactive effects. Our results suggest that the ILs with multiple alleles are ideal genomic stocks for evaluating the effects of alleles on some traits and for pyramiding favorable alleles in breeding wheat varieties. 相似文献
12.
Thirty-seven varieties of a Mediterranean durum wheat collection grown in Tunisia and Spain were analysed for their allelic composition in prolamins, as well as their protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) test and mixograph parameters. Genotype was a greater source of variation in all measurements than locality. Uncommon high and low molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) were found (V and 2•• subunits at Glu-A1, 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5* subunit and ax allele at Glu-A3). The rare combinations 2 + 4+14 + 18 and 8 + 9+13 + 16+18 subunits at the Glu-B3 locus were found. Glu-A3ax had a positive influence on SDSS and mixograph parameters. Of all the prolamins, those that have the B-LMW-GS composition aaa (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d gave the best semolina quality. By contrast, semolina quality is poor when this same composition is associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e and even poorer when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1f. In addition, the cultivars with B-LMW-GS allelic composition aab (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d, gave high quality, whereas when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e or with Glu-A1o and Glu-B1f, the quality was very poor. 相似文献
13.
Z.J.E. Hernández J.D.C. Figueroa P. Rayas-Duarte H.E. Martínez-Flores G.V. Arámbula G.B. Luna R.J. Peña 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
The stress relaxation behaviour of 36 bread wheat kernel lines was studied using the generalized Maxwell model with 4-exponential terms. The data suggested four relaxation phases, two fast phases at shorter times of 1–10 s (τ1 and τ2) and two slow phases with longer times of ≈50–450 s (τ3 and τ4). The stresses were mainly correlated with kernel mechanical properties. There were differences in spring and stress elements of Glu-A1 null compared to Glu-A1 1 and 2∗. The Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 showed differences in the stresses. Glu-A3 only affected kernel mechanical properties while Glu-B3 showed differences in both quality parameters and mechanical properties. The relaxation times τ3 were high for genotypes with high SDS-sedimentation volume and long mixing time. Genotypes with 45–60 s of τ3 usually had good HMW-GS background and LMW allelic combination generally associated with good quality. As expected, genotypes with short relaxation and mixing times and poor sedimentation volume were samples with Glu-A1 null, Glu-B3 j 1B/1R, and with Glu-A3 e (null). Differences in stress relaxation were found among HMW-GS and LMW-GS alleles specially Glu-3 loci and the differences were related to SDS-sedimentation, mixing and alveograph data. 相似文献
14.
新疆小麦品种Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点等位变异的分布 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为给新疆小麦品质育种提供理论依据,利用Glu-A3、Glu-B3位点上的17个STS标记检测了185份新疆冬、春小麦品种Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点的等位变异。结果表明,新疆小麦品种以Glu-A3c、Glu-B3a和Glu-B3j亚基为主,其分布频率分别为64.86%、22.70%和17.84%。新疆冬、春小麦品种在Glu-A3位点上均以Glu-A3c亚基为主,分布频率分别为63.30%和67.11%;在Glu-B3位点上,新疆冬、春小麦品种分别以Glu-B3j和Glu-B3a为主,分布频率分别为22.02%和26.32%。新疆冬、春小麦农家品种亚基类型较少,冬小麦农家品种仅有5种类型(以Glu-A3c和Glu-B3i为主),春小麦农家品种有10种类型(以Glu-A3c和Glu-B3d为主)。引进品种和自育品种亚基类型丰富,冬小麦引进品种以Glu-A3c和Glu-B3i为主,分布频率为12.84%和6.42%;春小麦引进品种以Glu-A3c和Glu-B3j为主,分布频率为17.11%和6.58%。冬小麦自育品种以Glu-A3c和Glu-B3j亚基类型为主,分布频率为45.87%和18.35%;春小麦自育品种以Glu-A3c和Glu-B3a亚基类型为主,分布频率为36.84%和18.42%。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2004,40(2):101-107
The B low Mr subunits of glutenin of the F2 generation from three durum wheat crosses were analysed. Three new alleles were found at three different loci: Glu-A3i coding for 5+20 subunits, Glu-B2c coding for subunit 12* and Glu-B3l coding for 1+3+13*+16 subunits. The genetic distances between Glu-A3-Gli-A1, Glu-B2-Gli-B1, Glu-B3-Glu-B2 and Glu-B3-Gli-B1 were calculated. The effects of the allelic variation at the Glu-A3, Glu-B2 and Glu-B3 on protein content and gluten strength, as measured by the SDS-sedimentation test, were determined using F4 lines from the three crosses. All the new alleles affected significantly gluten strength. The presence of Glu-A3i had a negative influence on SDSS values compared with the allele a. For Glu-B2 and Glu-B3 the data obtained enable the effects of the alleles on SDSS volume to be ranked: a=b>c for Glu-B2 and a>b>l for Glu-B3. The results also shown that the allelic variants at Glu-B3 had a much greater effect on gluten strength than the variants at Glu-A3 or Glu-B2 loci. A high percentage of variation in sedimentation volume was explained by the prolamins (52 and 70%). 相似文献
16.
低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基在面包和面条食品加工过程中起着十分重要的作用。为了便于对含有LMW-GS优良基因的亲本筛选,选取来源于不同麦区包括地方品种和育成品种在内的208份核心种质为供试材料,用特异PCR方法检测Glu-A3位点LMW-GS基因的等位变异。结果表明,Glu-A3d出现频率(26.4%)明显高于其他等位类型,在地方品种和育成品种中的分布频率分别为26.7%和26.0%;分布频率从大到小依次为Glu-A3d>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3b>Glu-A3e>Glu-A3g>Glu-A3f;在来源于冬春兼播麦区的育成品种中未检测出Glu-A3e和Glu-A3f。对面筋强度贡献较大的Glu-A3b在地方品种和育成品种中的分布频率分别为10.7%和18.2%,说明我国小麦总体品质水平有了较大的提升。 相似文献
17.
18.
花药培养与麦谷蛋白亚基分子标记结合选育小麦新品种的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为快速获得携带麦谷蛋白优质亚基基因的小麦新品种,提高小麦的品质育种技术水平,利用引进的矮败材料与和尚头、甘春20号、临麦34号等10个不同品种(系)杂交,并对杂交后代进行了花药培养,获得了115份花培株系;利用PCR对花培后代株系及杂交亲本进行了优质贮藏蛋白亚基分子标记检测,3个HMW-GS为 Bx7、 Bx14、 Dx5,3个LMW-GS为 Glu-A3ac、 Glu-A3d、 Glu-B3b。结果表明,在115份花培材料中, Bx7的出现频率最高,为94.78%,其余依次为 Glu-A3ac、 Dx5、 Bx14、 Glu-A3d和 Glu-B3b;获得了44份聚合4个亚基以上的材料;结合农艺性状鉴定,筛选出了3份综合性状优异的小麦新品系AB158、AB167和AB332。本研究将花培育种技术、分子标记辅助选择技术及矮败小麦育种技术进行了有机结合,其结果可为提升小麦品质育种技术水平提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded by the Glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. However, the specific effect of individual Glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in SDS-PAGE and tight linkage with gliadins at the Gli-1 locus. Using DNA markers and a backcross program, we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (NILs) including different Glu-A3/Gli-A1 or Glu-B3/Gli-B1 alleles in the genetic background of the Argentine variety ProINTA Imperial. The nine NILs and the control were evaluated in three different field trials in Argentina. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were detected for most quality parameters indicating that the effects of the Glu-3/Gli-1 alleles are modulated by environmental differences. None of the NILs showed differences in total flour protein content, but relative changes in the abundance of particular classes of proteins cannot be ruled out. On average, the Glu-A3f, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3iMan alleles were associated with the highest values in gluten strength-related parameters, while Glu-A3e, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3iChu were consistently associated with weak gluten and low quality values. The value of different Glu-3/Gli-1 allele combinations to improve breadmaking quality is discussed. 相似文献
20.
Association analysis reveals effects of wheat glutenin alleles and rye translocations on dough-mixing properties 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shusong Zheng Patrick F. Byrne Guihua Bai Xueyan Shan Scott D. Reid Scott D. Haley Bradford W. Seabourn 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,50(2):283-290
The glutenin loci of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are important determinants of bread-making quality, although the effects of alleles at those loci are incompletely understood. We applied an association analysis method to assess the effects of glutenin alleles and 1RS wheat–rye (Secale cereale L.) translocations on dough-mixing properties in 96 wheat cultivars and advanced lines grown at three Colorado locations while accounting for population structure and relatedness of individuals in the population. The results indicated that (1) in the majority of cases, controlling relatedness of individuals reduced the significance of associations between glutenin loci and Mixograph traits; (2) the Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 loci and 1RS translocations had greater impacts on dough-mixing properties compared to other glutenin loci; (3) Glu-B1w, Glu-D1d, and Glu-B3b were consistently associated with greater (more favorable) Mixograph peak time (MPT) than other alleles at the respective loci, whereas Glu-B1e, Glu-D1a, and Glu-B3c were associated with reduced MPT; (4) the 1BL.1RS translocation was associated with a decrease in Mixograph properties. Our results indicate that taking multiple-level relatedness of individuals into account can improve the results of association analysis for wheat-quality traits. 相似文献