浅议乡村游憩系统的结构与功能优化

乡村游憩是开发者通过利用农业资源和乡村环境与设施等而开展的满足游憩者愉悦身心、休闲娱乐等多样化游憩需求的活动。乡村游憩系统是由农业资源要素和乡村地域环境等要素形成的具有某种结构与功能的整体。归纳了乡村游憩系统的组成结构,认为乡村游憩系统是由乡村游憩地域环境系统、乡村游憩行为系统、乡村游憩供给系统和乡村游憩支持系统共同组成。分析了乡村游憩空间结构系统的构成。简述了乡村游憩供给系统的功能优化途径,提出乡村游憩设施建设与服务供给应走原生态与标准化建设之路。     

松嫩平原地下水氮污染空间变异性及健康风险评价

为探明松嫩平原地下水污染现状及氮污染影响,利用地统计学软件分析了“三氮”(硝态氮、亚硝态氮和铵态氮)含量的特征,采用ArcGIS绘制了地下水硝态氮的变异函数图和空间分布图,并应用健康风险评价模型进行了氮污染对人体的潜在健康风险评价。上述研究表明,该区地下水污染物以“三氮”最为突出,其中硝态氮污染最重,变异系数为1.686,属于强变异,含量分布与二阶球状模型拟合最好,块金值和基底效应分别为2.423和0.575,其含量的空间异质性是结构性因素及随机性因素共同造成的,随机性因素稍强;硝态氮污染高风险区占总面积的88.78%,主要分布在东中部高平原区,这一区域大部分为III类水,对人体健康存在较高的风险,应引起关注。     

Environment resilience and public health: Assessing healthcare's vulnerability to climate change in the San Francisco Bay Area

This study investigated the vulnerability of people's health to the impact of climate change on healthcare accessibility in the San Francisco Bay Area. The study developed spatial analysis models in ArcGIS with a high-resolution elevation data set (1 m raster base map) and summarized the scenario assessments of the associations between healthcare and the populations vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The results reveal that 34.3% of low-income households could reach hospitals in the baseline scenario. In the peak water level (PWL) (140) scenario, 33.3% of low-income households were within 30 min of the nearest hospital. In the baseline scenario, hospitals were accessible to 35.9% of the general population, whereas in the PWL (140) scenario the percentage was slightly lower, with 35.1% having access to hospitals. Healthcare reform increased the accessibility of hospitals to low-income households, and these populations had equal access in the PWL (140) scenario. However, access to healthcare is controlled by distance and other variables, including income, insurance, spatial distribution, and transportation mobility. The findings and implications of this study address the explicit recognition in strategic planning of the effects of climate change in adopting policies to benefit health in the future.     

Spatial (Im)mobility and Accessibility in Ireland: Implications for Transport Policy

Recent social research that links people's position in society to their ability to access employment has shown the centrality of spatial mobility in the (re)production of patterns of inequality. This is particularly evident in regions where economic activity is unevenly distributed and concentrated in an urban centre and where daily travel patterns reflect a spatial segregation between places of work and residential areas. This paper presents a spatial analysis of accessibility to employment for Galway City and its environs, a predominantly rural region in the West of Ireland dominated by its urban centre. Travel‐to‐work data from the 2006 Census of Population of Ireland were used to present a comparison of district‐specific accessibility levels across three socio‐economic groups. Network analysis and Geographic Information System visualisation tools are used to map existing socio‐spatial topographies of (in)accessibility. This is done to test two contrasting sets of theoretical proposals in the social science literature regarding the relationship between spatial mobility and social status. Advocates of the first position conceptualise spatial mobility as a form of capital that helps to maintain many existing social hierarchies. This contrasts with the views of those who anticipate the dissolution of established social boundaries (“fluidification”) as a result of increased spatial mobility of people, goods, and ideas. It is argued that these contrasting positions are highly relevant to current transport policy debates, including discussions around the impacts of recession‐related cuts in transport infrastructure investment on patterns of accessibility. In addition, they encourage reflection on the impacts of sustainable transport initiatives on different social groups that are more or less mobility disadvantaged, a fact that has hitherto received little attention in policy research and practice.     

Labour market impacts of the equalisation of basic public health and medical services on internal migrants in China

Using China Migrants Dynamic Survey Project data from 2011 to 2017, this study investigates the labour market impacts of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on internal migrants by the difference-in-differences approach in China. The results reveal that equalisation of basic public health and medical services increases the probability of labour participation and the income of internal migrants. Male migrants, married migrants and migrants who cover long migration distances have a much stronger positive response to the equalisation of basic public health and medical services in terms of likelihood of labour participation and level of income. Mechanism checks indicate that the increases in labour participation and income of internal migrants are enhanced by the improvement of medical service utilisation, human capital and social integration after the implementation of the equalisation of basic public health and medical services.     

The impact of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants in China

Using China Migrants Dynamic Survey Project data from 2012 to 2018, this paper evaluates the causal impact of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants by the difference-in-differences approach. The results reveal that the equalisation of basic public health and medical services has a negative impact on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants of 4%. Male, middle-aged, and unmarried internal migrants have a much stronger negative response, in terms of long-term urban settlement intentions, to changes in basic public health and medical services. Moreover, more recent internal migrants, those in first-tier cities and those in cities in eastern regions also have a much stronger negative response. Mechanism checks imply that the negative impact on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants is caused by social integration decline after implementation of equalisation of basic public health and medical services.     

Assessing the effects of the large-scale road construction on the ethnic disparities of accessibility in Tibet from 2010 to 2020

Tibet is the main consist of the Tibetan Plateau and also inhabited by minorities in China. How to promote its road accessibility and narrow the gap between different ethnic groups should draw more attention. This study analyzes both territorial accessibility (At) and potential accessibility (Ap) in Tibet from 2010 to 2020, as well as the disparities within and between main ethnic groups, exploring whether ethnic minorities undertook the accessibility disparity or loss. The findings are as follows: (1) At and Ap are characterized by a center-periphery structure with a remarkably improvement and spatial difference from 2010 to 2020. The disparity between counties tends to widen slightly, whereas the increment of At shows the opposite feature. (2) The Hui and Han ethnic groups enjoy better accessibility than Tibetans, and the other ethnic minorities have insufficient accessibility, though with prominent improvement. The disparity in At within ethnic groups is smaller but tends to widen; by contrast, that of Ap is larger but tends to narrow. The Hui ethnic group enjoys relative equal accessibility, which tends to be more so, while Tibetans face unequal accessibility with no obvious improvement. (3) The proportion of Tibetans is negatively correlated with the improved accessibility, but those of the other ethnic minorities are positively correlated with the increment of At, indicating that the accessibility improvement in Tibet tilts to the ethnic minorities in remote areas. The overall spatial disparities in accessibility in Tibet tend to widen, but this does not totally apply to those between and within ethnic groups. Nonetheless, the construction of transport infrastructure alone may not be able to achieve equality. Above results may provide reference for related research and policy making for remote and minority areas in China and other similar regions.     

Occupational health and safety of merchant seafarers from Kiribati and Tuvalu

Intensifying international competition in the shipping industry in response to global pressures makes seafarers' jobs increasingly difficult. Challenging conditions in ship employment are problematic, particularly in a development context where home communities' dependence on seafarers' income is high and social protection is low. Qualitative fieldwork revealed that seafarers from Kiribati and Tuvalu endure exceptionally lengthy work periods at sea to remain competitive. Absence from home while working in constrained and mobile spaces with multinational crews, frequent security controls and speedy turnarounds impacting on sleep deprivation and decreased shore time have implications for physical and emotional health and can become safety matters. Hence, there is a growing need to address mechanisms to protect seafarers from the physical and emotional effects of global demands in the shipping industry.     

道教生态伦理和养生理论在康复景观设计中的应用研究

近年来,康复景观的研究越来越热门,虽然提出过一些相关的理论,但是还是缺乏系统的理论框架。中国道教一直以“天人合一”、“道法自然”为基本法则,即推崇人与自然的和谐相处,强调良好的景观生态环境可以促进人的身心健康,同时道教博大精深的养生文化,对现代人保持健康也有着很大启示。本文提出运用道教生态伦理和养生理论指导康复景观设计,探讨了汲取上述理论对康复景观的设计理念、空间营造和划分及植物景观营造的影响,以期对中国特色的康复景观设计起到一定的借鉴作用。     

Does virtual discussion of a retail space affect the economic outcomes of the retail stores? The dynamics among retail environment,economic performances,and the perceived characteristics of the traditional retail markets by bloggers in Seoul

Using texts from online blogs, this study aimed to analyze the effect of perceived characteristics of a place in the virtual space and their influence on its economic performance. Specifically, this study analyzed old retail space (traditional markets) in Seoul by empirically examining the relationship among the perceived characteristics, economic performances, and the physical and operative conditions of the markets’ facilities. The perceived characteristics by the bloggers were analyzed by the text-mining of the blog posts. Next, the associations among the multiple factors including the perceived characteristics, economic measures, were analyzed by PLS-SEM. Three types of characteristics were found from the texts: (a) value shopping, (b) novelty & food, and (c) affective sentiments. Among them, novelty & food have significant positive effects on annual sales growth and the vacancy reduction rates of the markets. The improved physical condition also had a positive direct effect on annual sales growth, which can be partially explained by its positive mediating effects on Novelty & Food. The operating condition had no significant relationship with the perceived characteristics but had significant effects on the four economic measures. The results imply that renovation projects could diminish certain characteristics of the space (i.e., affective sentiments), but it enhanced other place characteristics (i.e., food and novelty) following economic gains.     

保健食品安全问题与对策探究

随着人们保健意识的提高,保健食品消费已成为健康消费新潮流,其安全性是关系人民身体健康和国家兴旺发达的重大问题,已经受世界各国的广泛关注。论述了中国保健食品的安全问题,并有针对性地提出了一系列解决措施。     

Political ecology of Jharkhand conflicts

Abstract: Although India's Jharkhand movement resists classification as either an ethnic or an environmental movement, it has, at different times, mobilised clear elements of both with frequently violent outcomes. This paper examines the movement from a political ecology perspective and focuses on violence arising from natural resource‐related grievances, notably land alienation, forest policy and employment from Jharkhand's mines. Drawing from political ecology's emphasis on the need to examine conflict from a range of different spatial scales, the paper emphasises the importance of a micro‐political ecology approach for understanding how locally based conflicts over natural resources can harden into more established grievances that can be mobilised politically as part of a wider and potentially violent protest movement. It is also suggested that micro‐political ecology approaches can assist participatory resource management initiatives in ameliorating local conflicts over access to resources, thus helping to prevent them from escalating into more widespread violence.     

Happy neighborhoods: Investigating neighborhood conditions and sentiments of a shrinking city with Twitter data

Planning interventions have been applied to improve the well‐being, hereafter happiness, of residents. The happiness in shrinking cities, in particular, becomes more critical since urban decline tends to induce an unequal and uneven distribution of care under a limited budget and human resources. Using geo‐tagged Twitter, census, and geospatial data on Detroit, Michigan, which is one of the well‐known shrinking cities in the U.S., the spatial distribution of sentiments, topics of tweets appeared, and the association between neighborhood conditions and the level of happiness were examined. The outcomes indicate that people in Detroit are posting happy tweets more than negative tweets. The downtown area holds both positive and negative hotspots, which are clustered around sports arenas and bars, respectively. Neighborhoods with young and well‐educated residents, situated close to amenities (i.e., recreation facilities, colleges, and commercial areas), and less crime tend to be happier. The use of SNS data could serve as a meaningful social listening tool to reconcile the declining urban vitality of neighborhoods since people interact with those spaces. Negative sentiments are attached to specific neighborhoods with certain conditions so that regeneration efforts should take place in neighborhoods with a higher priority.     

口服麦苗粉对人体健康效应的观察

麦苗营养在维护人体健康方面具有神奇的效果,本研究在动物试验和临床试验的基础上,开展日常口服麦苗粉对人体健康的影响观察,结果显示：每天口服少量麦苗粉能有效改善睡眠、修复记忆力、提高免疫功能、促进伤口愈合、增强体力、缓解人体各种不适反应、维护心脏、维持体内正常的血象指标、增进机体排毒、延缓人体衰老;尤其对于年龄较大、亚健康体质或身体健康出现问题的人群,效果更加明显。长期坚持每天口服少量麦苗粉未发现对人体产生毒副作用。     

基于地域资源优势的西藏设施农业发展分析（论文稿号为2010-0648的修改稿）

通过对西藏独特资源的分析,认为西藏在设施农业发展过程中结合地域资源,如充分利用太阳能、地热、林下凋落物及牦牛副产品等资源,并结合沼气发展中沼气副产品资源,能够使西藏的设施农业呈现良性发展态势,同时可有效促进相关产业的发展。     

三峡黄金旅游带旅游资源评价及开发研究

通过层次分析法、模糊赋分法对三峡工程蓄水后三峡黄金旅游带（重庆段）主要自然、人文景点（区）资源进行评价,并分析了旅游资源结构、开发价值及空间组合特点。在旅游带的旅游资源结构中,自然资源起着基础作用,人文景观为重要组成部分;在空间组合上可分为都市成片旅游区和沿江点状旅游区。基于上述评价结果,文章提出关于了三峡黄金旅游带旅游资源开发的一些思路。     

Potential for the Adaptation and the Strategic Implementation of Local and PRC Resources for Industrialised Housing in Chongqing

The provision of quality industrialized housing in Chongqing to meet demand is perceived by the Chongqing Construction Commission to be a key feature of the local construction industry's future development. The growing strategic importance of Chongqing as a developing municipality, at the junction of the Yangtze and Jialing rivers, will ensure continuing economic development in the region. To facilitate such development the local construction industry will need to react accordingly to provide new infrastructure, commercial development, and housing and recreation facilities. Clearly, this must be achieved in accordance with a robust Master Plan, which addresses all issues associated with the built environment and other environmental considerations relating to pollution, conservation and sustainability. Throughout the World it is becoming increasingly recognized that traditional forms of construction are not sustainable in the long term and that new concepts and methods of construction must be developed. Construction must more effectively utilize and re-cycle resources that would otherwise become depleted or exhausted. Further, all aspects of the in-use performance of buildings, especially housing, must be significantly improved. The situation in Chongqing is no exception to this perception and hence the purpose of this paper is to evaluate locally available resources and relevant resources elsewhere in China to assess the potential for adaptation for effective use in industrialized housing. A broad approach will be taken covering all forms of human and non-human resources, especially those resources which can be re-cycled rather than being consigned to waste. By-products from other industries will be considered, such as those from agriculture and manufacturing. A key aspect of this paper is the articulation of a framework to facilitate the realization and development of an industrialized housing system by the creation of an integrated supply chain capable of delivering the necessary design and performance features geared to affordability, conservation and sustainability. The paper will be concludes by presentation of recommendations regarding the introduction of a development strategy geared to an incremental timetable for implementation.     

广西农业气候资源的长期变化特征

为了了解在全球变暖的大背景下广西农业气候资源的变化特征,为政府部门指导农业生产、发展设施农业、合理进行农业气候区划提供决策依据,笔者利用广西71个气象站1961-2010年的逐日气温、降水量和日照时数资料,运用线性倾向估计、M-K突变检验等方法分析了广西主要农业气候资源在时间、空间上的变化趋势及其差异。结果表明,广西≥0℃活动积温和≥10℃活动积温呈明显增加趋势,增加突变点均为1997年,20世纪60-80年代是热量资源较贫乏时期,90年代热量有所增加,21世纪初为热量资源最丰富时期;各地热量资源也均呈增加趋势;广西年日照时数表现为“阶梯式”减少,1975年是其减少突变点,20世纪60年代为光照资源最丰富时期,90年代为最贫乏时期;广西降水资源变化趋势不显著,年际间变化较大。     

乳酸菌与健康

乳酸菌广泛应用在食品、药品、保健品等行业中,作为一种益生菌,它与人体健康密切相关。就乳酸菌的概况、功效、应用,以及与人体肠道的关系和不适用人群等方面进行了综述。     

Creating community‐based indicators of gender equity: A methodology

It appears that an almost unquestioned development pathway for achieving gender equity and women's empowerment has taken centre stage in mainstream development. This pathway focuses on economic outcomes that are assumed to be achieved by increasing women's access to material things, including cash income, loans, physical assets, and to markets. Gender equity indicators, which measure progress towards these outcomes, cannot escape reinforcing them. We argue that far from being neutral, indicators are embedded in political and ideological agendas that serve as guides to the appropriate conduct of those whose performance or behaviour is being measured. Drawing on participatory feminist, diverse economies and strengths based approaches, we outline a research methodology for developing community‐based indicators that recognises women's and men's participation and relationships in all spheres of life, including the ‘non‐economic’. If indicators are grounded in local meanings and realities, we propose that community members can use them to identify aspirational goals for gender equity, and measure progress towards these goals.