Use of Trichoderma spp. in remediation of polluted soils and waters

Trichoderma spp. probably have a role in remediation of polluted soils and waters. Highly rhizosphere competent strains persist on roots for an extended period of time (at least months) and continuously interact with the plants. They can increase general plant and root growth and increase uptake of a variety of materials. This makes the Trichoderma-plant interaction highly attractive for use in phytoextraction technologies. Moreover, Trichoderma spp. are resistant to a wide range of toxic…     

几丁寡糖在木霉菌生物防治中的作用

木霉菌是重要的植物病害生防菌,在与植物病原真菌的拮抗过程中可产生一种特殊的化合物——几丁寡糖,几丁寡糖在木霉菌生防中具有多种生物功能。从真菌细胞壁和节肢动物外骨胳中分离的几丁寡糖,可充当化学激发子、诱导植物产生抗性、激发植物的防御系统、提高植物的抗病性。     

Factors that contribute to the mycoparasitism stimulus in Trichoderma atroviride strain P1

Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 has been used extensively to study the mycoparasitic mechanisms in the interaction between plant pathogenic host and beneficial antagonistic fungi. Mutants of P1 containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) or glucose oxidase (gox) reporter systems and different inducible promoters (from the exochitinase nag1 gene, or the endochitinase ech42 gene of P1) were used to determine the factors that activate the biocontrol gene expression cascade in the antagonis…     

Antagnism of three strains of Trichoderma spp. against mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia salani

Three strains of Trichoderma spp. TV112, TX003, TY009 obtained from previous experiments could inhibit the sclerotial formation of two strains of Rhizoctonia salani AG1 (-1A) isolated from the rice paddies in Hanzhou of China. However, it is unclear if there are the antagonism and mycoparasitism of the Trichoderma strains tested against the mycelial growth of R. solani . The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of the Trichoderma strains to inhibit the mycelial…     

Genetic improvement of Trichoderma ability to induce systemic resistance

The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not comple…     

拮抗木霉菌对玉米弯孢叶斑病的诱导抗性作用

本文在温室和田间条件下研究了木霉菌株H6、D9、C40、SH2303包衣种子诱导玉米抗弯孢叶斑病的效果。研究结果发现,在温室条件下H6、C40、D9、SH2303包衣种子长出的幼苗对于弯孢叶斑病的防效分别为20．69％、53．77％、72．74％、37．52％。田间试验表明：H6可诱导玉米对弯孢叶斑病的防效可达到50％470％。防御酶系测定结果表明,不同菌株包衣种子后PAL、POD酶活性显著增加,SOD酶活性均无明显变化趋势。因此,木霉诱导寄主抗性效应与寄主PAI。、POD活性增加有关,但与SOD活性没有明显相关性。本研究表明：利用木霉菌剂处理玉米种子可系统诱导玉米幼苗产生对叶斑病的抗性,为深入研究木霉菌诱导玉米系统抗性机制提供了线索。     

Are mycoparasitism and chitinase production species or isolate dependent in Trichoderma ?

The relationship between taxonomic status of Trichoderma spp., chitinase production in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on four media and mycoparasitism in dual culture (confrontation assay)against four plant pathogenic fungi was studied. Seventy five Trichoderma isolates belonging to 35species have been screened. The plant pathogenic fungi used in confrontation assay were Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi , Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . The SSF media contained wheat bran, crude chitin (from crab shells, SIGMA) and salt solutions. The best performing isolates in mycoparasitism tests were Trichoderma flavofuscum, T. harzianum, T.inhamatum, T. koningii and T. strigosum. Some isolates exhibiting good mycoparasitism produced chitinase in SSF only at low or medium level. In contrary there were isolates with excellent extracellular chitinase production but their biocontrol potential did not belong to the leading group.Statistical methods have been used to evaluate the data.……     

拮抗木霉菌的生防机制研究进展

从拮抗木霉菌的抑茵作用机理、诱导抗病性、促进植物生长等方面对木霉菌生防机制的研究进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了概括。从生防功能的多样性来看,木霉菌是一种理想的生防菌株和难得的生防资源。     

Mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant induced resistance by richoderma. asperellum (T. harzianum T-203)

Growing awareness of the environmental damage caused by the use of chemical substances for plant disease control in agriculture has raised the need to study biological alternatives, such as activating the defense response of plant crops by inducers not toxic to the environment. Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne pathogens, and are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth and to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. In our laborator…     

多功能木霉的筛选及鉴定

测定了60株分离自土壤的木霉菌株的解磷解钾、拮抗和对有机磷农药毒死蜱的耐受、降解等功能。结果表明,5株木霉具有很好的解磷能力,其中木霉T-404的解磷效果最好,为109.22 mg·L-1。6株木霉具有明显的解钾透明圈,但是液体培养后测定发现木霉的解钾能力不强。木霉具有不同程度的拮抗作用,其中6株木霉的拮抗能力很好。大部分木霉可以耐受高浓度的毒死蜱,但是不能降解该农药。对5株具多功能潜力的优势木霉菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定表明:T-403、T-404、T-440为Trichoderma koningiopsis,T-400、T-450为Trichoderma koningii。     

烟草黑胫病生物防治研究进展

烟草黑胫病是烟草上重要毁灭性病害之一,生产上主要采取综合防治措施.随着烟草生产向无公害发展,生物防治取得较大进展.就其植物诱导抗性的利用、生防菌等生物防治方面的研究作简要综述.     

Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam

The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch‘s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma     

壳寡糖诱导和TMV侵染烟草防御酶活性的变化

为了明确壳寡糖诱导烟草对TMV的抗病作用机理,以普通烟为供试材料,用壳寡糖(Chito-oligosaccharide)喷雾处理烟草叶片后再接种烟草花叶病毒(TMV),系统研究了壳寡糖处理对烟草防御酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,壳寡糖喷雾处理普通烟草24 h后再接种TMV,烟草叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性较对照都有明显增加,最高活性高峰分别为空白对照的162.3%,118.4%,265.4%,162.3%,其中CAT和SOD峰值提前。壳寡糖处理后,随着酶活性增强,对TMV的系统诱导抗病性得到表达,其二者具有一定的相关性。     

黄绿木霉菌诱变菌株的初步研究

通过对木霉的孢悬液进行紫外线和亚硝酸钠复合诱变，经刚果红培养基鉴定筛得5株突变菌株。利用液体培养发酵，对各菌株的CMC酶活测定发现，其中Ⅱ号：Ⅲ号突变菌株的CMC酶活分别比原菌株提高了150％和65％，并均具有很好的抗葡萄糖阻遏效应。     

Biodiversity of Trichoderma spp. in TUB culture collection

Culture collection of the Technical University of Budapest (TUB) comprises approx. 2800 microorganisms with special emphasis on lignocellulose degrading fungi and actinomycetes. For isolation and screening programs, 460 soils are stored at 5℃.     

石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展

土壤污染是石油化工企业在生产过程中对环境的重要影响。生物修复技术是一种高效、安全、低成本的污染处理技术。在参阅相关文献的基础上,对近年来国内外有关石油污染土壤生物修复方面的研究成果进行总结和分析。提出微生物修复技术目前存在的主要问题是实验室环境下筛选微生物菌株在实际污染土壤环境中不能完全发挥其有效活性;植物修复技术关键是筛选具有增生扩散能力和强力吸收污染物能力的高效修复植物;微生物—植物联合修复应该从生态系统物质循环理念出发,在遵循植物微生物共存的自然规律基础上用生态学理念解决石油土壤污染问题。建议从以下方面开展相关研究,首先搞清楚遭受石油类物质污染的土壤中最主要的污染物及其迁移规律;其次借鉴根际微环境研究的成果,引入自然生态学理念,筛选有效植物和微生物,解决修复的高效性问题;警惕生物修复过程中可能给环境造成的二次污染以及目前还无法预测的其他生态灾难。     

Evaluating effective Trichoderma isolates for biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani causing root rot of Vigna unguiculata

The highly diverse genus Trichoderma has provided many formulations that are alternatives to the chemical pesticides in agriculture. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biocontrol potential of eight Trichoderma species, T. atrobrunneum, T. guizhouense, T. paratroviride, T. pyramidale, T. rufobrunneum, T. simmonsii, T. thermophilum and T. viridulum, against the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Trichoderma isolates were first evaluated in vitro by dual culture tests for their antagonism, mycoparasitic ability and antifungal activity against R. solani. Their growth promoting potential was further assessed in relation to phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid and siderophore production. Five of the isolates were selected and evaluated for their abilities to prompt plant growth and to control R. solani infecting Vigna unguiculata(cowpea) seedlings in vivo. Two most effective isolates, T. guizhouense 9185 and T. simmonsii 8702, significantly(P0.05) reduced the disease severity incidences(36.6 and 45.0%, respectively) and promoted plant growth, which have good prospects for application.     

木霉对食用菌侵染能力的分析

研究了49株木霉对食用菌菌丝的侵染能力,结果显示:不同木霉的侵染能力不同,对食用菌侵染能力强的木霉对植物病原真菌的侵染能力并不一定强,表现出木霉对真菌侵染的特异性。木霉侵染食用菌的机理研究结果显示:木霉可通过溶壁、缠绕等方式作用于食用菌菌丝细胞壁,木霉发酵液对食用菌和植物病原菌都有很好的抑制作用,但木霉产几丁质酶的能力与木霉的侵染能力没有直接关系。     

粘帚霉对核盘菌菌核的寄生作用及其细胞壁降解酶活性分析

在培养皿中测定粘帚霉对核盘菌菌核的寄生作用,结果表明:不同粘帚霉菌株对核盘菌菌核具有较强的寄生作用,寄生率均达到85%以上。HL-1-1菌株的寄生率最高,为100%,其次为菌株SH-1-1、SYP-1-3和SS-1-1。供试粘帚霉菌株使核盘菌菌核软化,最后导致腐烂。平板透明圈法和比色法测定粘帚霉的细胞壁降解酶活性结果表明:供试的粘帚霉菌株菌能产生蛋白酶、几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶,其寄生菌核能力越强,蛋白酶、几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶的酶活性越高。表明在粘帚霉侵染核盘菌菌核的过程中,蛋白酶、几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶起着重要作用。     

Variations on conserved signaling pathways in biocontrol and development:G protein and MAPK genes of Trichoderma. atroviride and T. virens

Filamentous fungi employ conserved eukaryotic signaling pathway to detect and respond to environmental signals, including the presence of the host. Genetic experiment in which a particular signaling protein is lost, or its activity enhanced, have defined some of the function of heterotrimeric G proteins and MAP kinases in development and virulence. A hallmark of these studies is that orthologs in different species may have different functions. Antagonistic fungal-fungal interactions form …