高寒草甸草地高原鼢鼠的防治指标研究

高原鼢鼠是天祝县高寒草甸草地的优势鼠类,危害严重。5月鼠密度在5.2只/hm2～15.9只/hm2之间,至9月造成牧草损失322kg/hm2。通过调查鼠密度和牧草损失量,结果充分显示鼢鼠的种群密度与其造成的损失量之间呈明显的正相关关系,其回归方程式为:M=5.07X+26.06。通过防治综合分析研究后提出在甘肃天祝县高寒草甸草地高原鼢鼠的防治指标为8.3只/hm2,在5月份防治。     

基于小尺度的高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)扩散初探

为明确高原鼢鼠在时间和空间小尺度上的扩散特征,本研究自2014-2015年在祁连山东段选择3处不同种群密度的高原鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi）连续分布区,采用标志重捕、无线电追踪以及分子生物学方法,研究高原鼢鼠扩散与种群密度的关系、扩散性别及其扩散时间。结果表明：高原鼢鼠在不同种群密度下均发生扩散,高密度区扩散个体比例相对较高;高原鼢鼠雄性重捕率（5.9%）低于雌性（16.9%）,雄性失联率（58.3%）高于雌性（28.0%）,并且雌、雄个体平均分配指数分别为1.086±0.385和-1.390±0.786,表明高原鼢鼠存在偏雄性扩散;2015年6-10月高原鼢鼠个体消失率（0.500）高于2014年10月至2015年5月（0.367）以及2015年5-6月的个体消失率（0.286）,2015年6-9月高原鼢鼠重捕率从40.0%下降至0%,失联个体比例从52.6%上升至85.7%,表明高原鼢鼠可能在6-9月进行扩散。     

鼢鼠种群数量自然控制研究初探

1992年5月,鼢鼠繁殖季节,在甘肃漳县金钟乡3种生境捕捉雌鼢鼠18只,剖检后,发现10只雌鼠阴道与双子宫交换处有肉瘤状异物,占全部雌鼠的55.5％。根据肉瘤形态及剖检特征确定为寄生虫包囊和纤维瘤。它能抑制鼢鼠种群的妊娠率(仅33.3％)、胎仔数(x=2),进而限制鼢鼠种群数量。初步分析其自然调节机理为:鼢鼠种群密度大,个体接触机会增加,易造成寄生虫传播。寄生虫侵入阴道后,抑制了鼢鼠繁殖,使种群密度下降,以至达到较低的水平。寄生虫及其生活史有待进一步研究。     

C型肉毒梭菌毒素的稳定性测定

本文介绍了对C型肉毒梭茵毒素稳定性的测定结果。结果为:稀释后的毒素对温度十分敏感,在5℃保存24小时,毒力开始下降.后随温度上升,毒力大幅度下降,但阳光照射与否,对毒素毒力影响不大。因此,我省用毒饵法在当年10月到翌年4月杀灭高原鼠免,在4—5月杀灭高原鼢鼠,能保证杀鼠效力。     

辽宁省2009年第二季度蛋鸡产销形势及后期预测

1 2009年第二季度蛋鸡形势回顾 1.1 鸡蛋价格据统计,2009年第二季度鸡蛋全省平均价格为6.41元/kg,同比增长4%,环比增长12%.其中,4月份和5月份保持较高价格,6月份鸡蛋价格开始回落,至6月底鸡蛋价格降到4.8元/kg.     

节后猪价大幅反弹 理性回归或以确立

<正>12014年4月至5月上旬养猪行情概述2014年4月至5月上旬,全国仔猪价格总体上呈现涨跌互相态势,5月上旬出现较大幅度上扬,从4月底的22.80元/kg上扬到本统计结束时的25.21元/kg,上扬幅度为10.57%。如图2所示,本统计期内4月份全国生猪价格持续低迷,5月上旬突现大幅反弹,由4月末的10.76元/kg上扬至12.99元/kg,上扬幅度为20.72%。相较与去年同期的较为平稳的生猪价格走势,此次反弹除季节性因素外,宏观调控作用凸显。     

2008年5月份全国养猪形势分析及后市预测

1 形势分析 1.1 仔行情 2008年4月份,全国各地仔猪价格均呈回落态势,但下跌幅度不大.到4月底,全国平均价格约45.59元/kg左右.5月份,仔猪市场仍不太景气,价格继续走跌,尤其是"五一"小黄金周期间,全国平均价格由44.60元/kg下降至40.62元/kg,降幅为8.92%.     

图牧吉自然保护区五种鹤类春季迁徙停歇动态初步分析

2014、2015和2016年春季鹤类迁徙期,在图牧吉保护区采用以定点观测为主,结合路线统计的方法用望远镜对保护区内的鹤类进行了观察统计,结果表明:图牧吉保护区春季灰鹤(Grus grus)在3月中下旬至4月初开始迁来,5月初至5月中旬离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(46. 00±7. 94) d。白鹤(Grus leucogeranus) 3月末至4月初开始陆续迁来,4月中下旬迁离保护区,种群平均停留时长为(23. 33±2. 08) d。白头鹤(Grus monacha) 3月末至4月初到达图牧吉保护区,4月下旬至5月中旬陆续离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(36. 00±7. 94) d。白枕鹤(Grus vipio)在3月末至4月初到达图牧吉保护区,4月下旬至5月中旬离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(30. 00±6. 56) d。丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)到达图牧吉保护区的时间为3月末至4月初,4月中旬离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(14. 00±5. 66) d。保护区内的鹤主要分布在图牧吉泡子和三道泡子,偶尔会在农田发现灰鹤、白鹤和白头鹤。结合往年保护区内自然和人为因素的影响,对每年保护区内5种鹤类停歇期种群数量变化进行了一些分析讨论。最后针对保护区内存在一些保护不当问题,给保护区提出了一些建议。     

青稞种植区高原鼢鼠防治指标初报

通过对高原鼢鼠 (Myospalaxbaileyi)密度与青稞鼠害株率关系的研究 ,确定出其回归公式为 :Y =15 0132X— 0 34 81,并测定出青海湟中县青稞种植区高原鼢鼠防治指标 ,为 :青稞受害株率 1 34 % ,鼢鼠密度 1 65只 /hm2 ( 0 .11只 /亩 )。     

罗氏沼虾育苗及养殖技术(三)

二、罗氏沼虾苗的培育 1.放苗季节。罗氏沼虾是热带性虾类,喜暖怕冷,要求生活在水温较高的环境,一般以水温稳定在18℃以上时放养为好。在广东、广西沿海地区,每年3月底至4月初就可放养罗氏沼虾苗。而在北回归线以南的内陆地区,则要4月中旬才开始放养虾苗。长江中下游地区,至5月中旬以后水温才能稳定     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein