琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌防治药剂室内筛选试验北大核心

选用了18种药剂对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌Phyllosticta citriasiana进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,在供试药品中具有保护和治疗作用的复配剂型抑菌效果较好,其中苯甲.丙环唑的毒力最高,EC50为0.055 9mg/L,其次为苯甲.嘧菌酯,EC50为0.060 1mg/L,在浓度为0.15mg/L时两者都可完全抑制病原菌的生长;保护性杀菌剂以50%多菌灵的抑菌效果最好,浓度在0.5mg/L时有完全抑制作用;铜制剂杀菌剂的毒力较低,松脂酸铜的EC50为468.140 0mg/L,抑菌效果差。     

琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌防治药剂室内筛选试验

选用了18种药剂对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌Phyllosticta citriasiana进行室内毒力测定.结果表明,在供试药品中具有保护和治疗作用的复配剂型抑菌效果较好,其中苯甲·丙环唑的毒力最高,EC50为0.055 9 mg/L,其次为苯甲·嘧菌酯,EC50为0.0601 mg/L,在浓度为0.15 mg/L时两者都可完全抑制病原菌的生长;保护性杀菌剂以50％多菌灵的抑菌效果最好,浓度在0.5 mg/L时有完全抑制作用;铜制剂杀菌剂的毒力较低,松脂酸铜的EC50为468.1400 mg/L,抑菌效果差.     

5种生物药剂对葡萄炭疽病药效研究

为筛选防治葡萄炭疽病安全、高效的生物药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定5种生物药剂对葡萄炭疽病菌的毒力,选取其中抑菌活性较好的4种药剂开展田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,丁子香酚、苦参碱、中生菌素、乙蒜素的EC50分别为0.50、20.03、22.05、33.04 mg/L,均低于对照药剂代森锰锌的EC50值42.66 mg/L,抑菌效果较好,而多抗霉素的EC50为3 420.15 mg/L,抑菌效果差。田间药效试验结果表明,0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂1000~1250倍液对葡萄炭疽病的防效最佳,为91.41%~93.49%,显著优于对照药剂80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂800倍液,0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂1 500倍液、80%乙蒜素乳油1 000~1 500倍液防效虽低于对照药剂,但也均在80%以上,可作为与常规化学药剂轮换使用防控炭疽病的有效生物药剂进行推广应用。     

西瓜枯萎病病原菌的室内药剂筛选

利用生长速率法,对9种西瓜枯萎病防治药剂进行室内筛选,结果表明,化学杀菌剂苯甲-嘧菌酯的抑菌效果最好,EC50值为1．36105mg／L,苯醚甲环唑和异菌脲的抑菌效果较好,Ec50值分别为3．84654mg／L和4．89336mg／L;2种生物杀菌剂寡雄腐霉和多粘类芽孢杆菌的室内抑菌效果均表现较好,且寡雄腐霉的抑菌效果更好。     

火龙果溃疡病菌的鉴定及室内药剂筛选

为了有效防治火龙果溃疡病,通过病原菌分离纯化、致病性测定、形态学观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析和药剂室内毒力测定,对火龙果溃疡病病菌进行鉴定及抑菌药剂室内筛选。结果表明,菌株P1与新暗色柱节孢相似性达100%,结合形态学分析确定该菌株就是火龙果溃疡病病原菌;13种药剂中40%氟硅唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和12.5%烯唑醇乳油的抑菌效果最好,EC50分别为0.050 7、0.131 7、0.183 2和0.173 1mg/L。     

不同杀菌剂对2种板栗内腐病菌的室内毒力测定

为更加高效和有针对性的防治板栗内腐病,本试验选用7种低毒的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法对分别引起板栗内腐病的可可毛色二孢菌（）和茄病镰刀菌（）进行室内药剂筛选和毒力测定。结果表明：7种杀菌剂对2种致病菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中对抑制效果较好的药剂为丙硫菌唑、咯菌腈、苯醚甲环唑,抑菌率分别为：92.52%、100%、79.49%,其EC50浓度分别为0.076、5.511、8.445 mg/L。对抑制效果较好的药剂为丙硫菌唑和苯醚甲环唑,抑菌效果为82.25%和62.59%,EC50浓度分别为：1.327、53.853 mg/L。     

黑龙江省西瓜细菌性果斑病防治药剂的筛选

为了丰富黑龙江省露地西瓜果斑病的防治药剂和方法,通过平板抑菌试验和种子消毒处理等方法对硫酸链霉素等17种药剂进行筛选。结果表明,在平板抑菌试验中,有噻霉酮等7种药剂的抑菌圈≥20 mm,抑菌效果较好;在种子处理试验中筛选出3%双氧水浸种30 min和2 000 mg·L-1噻霉酮浸种30 min抑菌效果较好;双氧水处理种子的发芽率和发芽势为95.6%和12.7 mm,噻霉酮处理种子的发芽率和发芽势为97.8%和14 mm;噻霉酮和双氧水处理种子的发芽率分别比对照提高22.6%和20.4%,发芽势分别比对照提高47.4%和33.7%。试验筛选出一种新型药剂噻霉酮,对黑龙江省露地西瓜果斑病菌的抑菌效果较好。     

25%啶菌恶唑对桃褐腐病的抑菌率与田间防效

通过试验,明确25%啶菌恶唑乳油对桃褐腐病菌的离体抑菌及田间防治效果。抑制菌丝生长试验结果表明,25%啶菌恶唑乳油对桃褐腐病菌EC 50值为0.0105 mg/L,低于对照药剂腈苯唑(EC 50值=0.077 6 mg/L)、丙森锌(EC 50值=0.338 5 mg/L)、多菌灵(EC 50值=0.865 3 mg/L)、甲基硫菌灵(EC 50值=0.459 1 mg/L);田间试验结果表明,25%啶菌恶唑乳油100 g a.i./hm~2的防效与腈苯唑悬浮剂100 ga.i./hm~2相当,高于对照药剂丙森锌、多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵对桃褐腐病的防效。     

抑菌物质肉桂醛防治杧果炭疽病机制研究

采用生长速率法测定了植物源抑菌物质肉桂醛对杧果炭疽病菌的毒力作用,同时从杧果内防御酶变化角度探讨其防病机制。结果表明,肉桂醛防治杧果炭疽病的最佳使用质量浓度为30 mg.L-1,13 d的防治效果为56.67%,肉桂醛对杧果炭疽病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的EC50分别为38.51和22.34 mg.L-1,当肉桂醛质量...     

10种杀菌剂对芝麻立枯病菌的室内毒力测定

为筛选出防治芝麻立枯病的高效杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定10种杀菌剂对芝麻立枯病菌的抑制作用。室内毒力测定结果表明:氟硅唑对芝麻立枯病菌的抑制效果最好,EC50值最小,仅为0.5751 mg/L,其次为吡唑醚菌酯,EC50值为0.9199 mg/L。啶酰菌胺和多菌灵对立枯病菌也有较强的抑菌效果,EC50值分别为1.3770 mg/L和1.5138 mg/L。氟硅唑和吡唑醚菌酯抑菌效果显著,可作为芝麻立枯病的首选药剂。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.