一个水稻生物产量突变体的遗传分析

突变体是研究基因功能的重要材料。除自然突变和物理、化学方法外,T—DNA插入诱变、转座子插入诱变等分子生物学手段也得到广泛的应用。而水稻全基因组测序的完成和水稻分子标记技术发展,使得通过图位克隆法从非插入突变的水稻突变体获得相关基因变得相对容易,目前,在水稻上通过图位克隆已克隆到一些重要的基因。该研究在转Bar基因水稻后代T1代群体中发展了一个高生物产量突变体,并对该突变体进行遗传分析,为该基因的克隆和功能分析提供参考。     

一个水稻生物产量突变体的遗传分析(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [Method] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice,a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law(3∶1). The mutant assumed not only higher plant height,wider straw and earlier florescence,but also more tillers,bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene(Bar) in the T-DNA inserted,proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene (Bar). [Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.     

一个水稻生物产量突变体的遗传分析

[目的]对1个水稻生物产量突变体进行遗传分析。[方法]对转Bar基因水稻后代的筛选和鉴定的过程中,在T1代群体10个株系中发现1个生物产量突变株系;采用除草剂Basta喷洒及PCR扩增等方法对该株系进行遗传分析并进行农艺性状考察。[结果]该基因突变除了使株型增高外,径秆也较粗,开花较早,分蘖多,穗大,生物产量高。该株系分离比率为3∶1,符合孟德尔遗传分离规律。PCR分子检测证实,突变性状与T-DNA插入的目的基因(Bar)没有共分离,表明突变体不是由目的基因的T-DNA插入所引起的。[结论]该研究有助于克隆该突变体诱发基因及理解其对生物产量影响机制。     

T-DNA插入产生的水稻小粒突变体的遗传分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the genetic characteristics of a grain shape mutant and its possible role in genetic improvement of grain yield in rice. [Method] On the basis of the collection of T-DNA tag lines, the progeny of homozygous plants carrying T-DNA insertion were screened for mutants with mutated phenotypes. The genetic analysis of the mutant and test for the linkage between the mutated phenotype and the T-DNA insertion were carried out to determine its genetic characteristics. [Result] In the present study, a grain shape mutant induced by T-DNA insertion in rice was identified, which showed small grain. Genetic analysis of the mutant showed that the two types of phenotype, normal and small grain in the segregating populations derived from the T-DNA heterozygotes, fit the ratio of 3∶1. Test for Basta resistance showed that all the mutants were resistant while the normal plants segregated for resistant and susceptible by the ratio of 2∶1. The results indicated that the mutant phenotype cosegregated with Bar gene. The small grain mutant caused by T-DNA insertion was confirmed by PCR amplification aiming at T-DNA. [Conclusion] The grain shape mutant is useful for isolation of the tagged gene and genetic improvement in rice.     

T-DNA插入产生的水稻小粒突变体遗传分析

[目的]研究水稻粒形突变体的遗传特性及其在水稻遗传改良中的作用。[方法]筛选水稻T-DNA插入纯合体,鉴定表型变异,通过表型突变的遗传分析及其与T-DNA插入共分离的检测,研究水稻表型突变的遗传特性。[结果]观察到1个粒形突变体T56。主要表现为粒长变短、粒宽变窄及千粒重降低;对该突变体进行遗传分析,分离群体出现野生型和突变体2种类型,其分离比符合3∶1,表明该突变体表型受1对隐性基因控制。突变体及其后代分离群体的Basta抗性检测和PCR分子检测结果表明,该突变体由T-DNA插入所引起,突变性状与T-DNA共分离。[结论]该材料可用于插入座位的基因克隆和水稻遗传改良的种质资源。     

影响拟南芥转化效率和激活标签丢失的因素分析

用激活标签载体pSK I015和农杆菌介导的浸花转化法创建拟南芥激活标签突变体,优化了浸花法转化方案,采取原地转化的措施,减少了工作量,又保证了植株在转化期间的正常生长,转化效率高达1.434%.突变体分析表明,57.5%含单拷贝T-DNA插入,100%整合了Bar基因,87%含有CaMV 35S增强子,进一步分析发现CaMV 35S增强子丢失机率与农杆菌继代次数呈正相关.     

矮牵牛PhDFR基因和抗除草剂Bar基因植物表达载体的构建及对烟草的遗传转化研究

[目的]构建矮牵牛PhDFR基因的植物表达载体,并对烟草进行遗传转化。[方法]从不同花色的矮牵牛中克隆了2个PhDFR基因,通过目的基因序列克隆、多步载体酶切、连接、转化等技术手段,将其连入通用植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300及pCAMBIA3301。利用冻融法将重组质粒导入农杆菌GV3101继而转化烟草。[结果]构建了含卡那霉素抗性筛选标记基因NPT11和除草剂抗性筛选标记基因Bar的GFP融合蛋白植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-PhDFR-GFP和pCAMBIA3301-PhDFR-GFP。转基因植株的GUS染色结果进一步验证了所构建表达裁体的正确性和实用性。[结论]所构建的表达载体为进一步研究PhDFR基因在植物花色调控效应的功能及开展植物花色改良基因工程研究奠定了基础,为植物基因工程科研工作提供了优良的备选植物表达我体。     

水稻穗形态建成基因PMM1的遗传分析与初步定位

在水稻粳稻品种中花11T-DNA插入突变体库中鉴定了3个穗形态突变体,它们均表现为植株半矮、叶夹角变小、一次枝梗轮生、复粒、粒长变短、粒宽变宽等突变表型。基因双突变杂交F1表型考查证明这3个突变体为等位突变体,T-DNA标签共分离检测表明这3个突变体的表型与T-DNA插入无关。通过与籼稻品种珍汕97配置3个杂交组合,由经典的孟德尔遗传分离比显示,突变性状受1对隐性基因(panicle morphological mutant 1,PMM1)控制。采用基因图位克隆的方法,已将基因PMM1定位在第4染色体长臂上的RM3866-1和X4(InDel)标记之间,其两侧物理图距为147kb左右。     

T—DNA诱发的小麦强分蘖突变体研究初报

利用农杆菌介导的小麦活体转化技术转化多个小麦品种,得到一定数量的小麦转化体植株。在小麦品种鲁麦21的遗传转化体T0代植株中发现一强分蘖突变体,通过PCR技术和Southern杂交技术证明该突变体含有T-DNA序列;该突变体表现为单基因隐性突变,在突变体T3代中均能通过PCR扩增到T-DNA内的序列,表明该突变体为T-DNA插入诱发的突变体。通过对该突变体初步分析表明突变基因与温度应答有关,随温度的降低,突变体分蘖速度加快。     

T-DNA插入麝香百合的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to obtain transgenic Lilium longiflorum Thumb. [Method] A two-step method of explant and the T-DNA integration technique were employed to transform Lilium longiflorum via Agrobacterium mediated method. [Result] The best infection effect appeared under the OD600 value of Agrobacterium within 0.6-0.8,the addition of 250 mg/L AS could increase the transformation efficiency. The optimal concentration of G418 for screening is 50 mg/L. Some putative transgenic plants of Lilium longiflorum with resistance to G418 showed positive in PCR,preliminarily proving that T-DNA gene had integrated into the genome of lily. [Conclusion] The study may lay a foundation for breeding excellent lily varieties through T-DNA integration technique.     

T-DNA插入麝香百合的研究

采用2步外植体法结合比较成熟的农杆菌介导T—DNA插入技术转化麝香百合,为快速选育百合新品种奠定基础。     

Study on the Integration of T-DNA into Lilium longiflorum

[Objective] The aim of this study is to obtain transgenic Lilium longiflorum Thumb. [Method] A two-step method of explant and the T-DNA integration technique were employed to transform Lilium longiflorum via Agrobacterium mediated method. [Result] The best infection effect appeared under the OD600 value of Agrobacterium within 0.6-0.8,the addition of 250 mg/L AS could increase the transformation efficiency. The optimal concentration of G418 for screening is 50 mg/L. Some putative transgenic plants of Lilium longiflorum with resistance to G418 showed positive in PCR,preliminarily proving that T-DNA gene had integrated into the genome of lily. [Conclusion] The study may lay a foundation for breeding excellent lily varieties through T-DNA integration technique.     

发根农杆菌介导的橡胶树遗传转化体系的建立

[目的]建立新的橡胶树遗传转化体系,为利用基因工程技术研究橡胶树提供基础。[方法]利用发根农杆菌R1601、15834和1.2556 3个株系分别侵染橡胶树热研7-33-97的叶片和茎段,诱导毛状根,并利用PCR技术检测诱导得到的毛状根。[结果]在相同的条件下,仅橡胶树茎段在发根农杆菌R1601侵染后产生毛状根,其诱导率达36.6%;PCR结果表明,T-DNA序列已整合进橡胶树的基因组中。[结论]初步建立了发根农杆菌介导的橡胶树遗传转化体系。     

棉花T—DNA标签雄性不育突变体的遗传分析

利用农杆菌介导T—DNA插入得到棉花雄性不育突变体,与野生型陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L）Coker 312杂交得到F1代。F1代植株出现了不育与可育两种性状的分离,分离比是1：1。对F1代进行形态学观察、卡那霉素和除草剂抗性鉴定、PCR扩增检测以及遗传学分析,证实雄性不育突变性状的表现与T—DNA插入共分离,从而认为突变是由T—DNA插入引起的显性杂合突变,这为利用T—DNA标签法进行雄性不育有关基因的克隆奠定了基础。     

Study on the Integration of T-DNA into Lilium Iongiflorum

[Objective] The aim of this study is to obtain transgenic Lilium longiflorum Thumb. [Method] A two-step method of explant and the T-DNA integration technique were employed to transform Lilium longiflorum via Agrobacterium mediated method. [Result] The best infection effect appeared under the OD600 value of Agrobacterium within 0.6 -0.8, the addition of 250 mg/L AS could increase the transformation efficiency. The optimal concentration of G418 for screening is 50 mg/L. Some putative transgenic plants of Lilium longiflorum with resistance to G418 showed positive in PCR, preliminarily pro-ring that T-DNA gene had integrated into the genome of lily. [Conclusion] The study may lay a foundation for breeding excellent lily varieties through T-DNA integration technique.     

GTPase RABE1b参与拟南芥胚胎发育的研究

[目的]研究影响拟南芥早期胚胎发育分裂模式的基因。[方法]从拟南芥T-DNA插入的突变体库中分离到2个T-DNA插入突变体,通过表型观察胚胎发育情况。[结果]PCR-WALKING表明,T-DNA插入位点分别位于基因At4g20360的5′非编码区和启动子区,基因编码的GTPase RABE1b蛋白为Rab蛋白家族的成员,将这2个突变体分别命名为Atrabe1b-1和Atrabe1b-2。透明分析发现此突变体在胚胎发育早期球形胚时期分裂模式出现异常,RT-PCR分析发现此基因在拟南芥中以组成型表达。[结论]基因At4g20360影响拟南芥早期胚胎发育的分裂模式,推测其编码的蛋白GTPase RABE1b可能对控制拟南芥胚胎发育过程中的细胞分裂起重要作用。     

抗虫基因Cry1C转化大豆的研究

[目的]将对鳞翅目害虫具有抗性的抗虫基因Cry1C转入大豆中,获得对田间鳞翅目害虫具有抗性的大豆材料.[方法]利用农杆菌介导法将抗虫基因CrylC转入大豆品种Williams82中,并通过Bar试纸条及PCR方法对所获得的转化苗进行鉴定.[结果]获得28株阳性大豆转化植株.[结论]初步认定CryIC基因已整合到大豆基因组中.     

拟南芥AtCCaP2基因缺失突变体的鉴定及表型观察

本研究拟利用反向遗传学研究AtCCaP2基因的功能。通过PCR及RT-PCR的方法筛选和鉴定了拟南芥AtCCaP2基因的T-DNA插入突变纯合体atccap2,该纯合体AtCCaP2基因表达缺失。RT-PCR分析显示该基因在拟南芥雌雄蕊等生殖器官中有较多的表达。通过对生长表型的观察发现atccap2突变体出现早花现象,抽薹时间较野生型早3d,显示该基因可能参与了拟南芥的早花表型。     

GTPase RABE1b参与拟南芥胚胎发育的研究

[目的]研究影响拟南芥早期胚胎发育分裂模式的基因。[方法]从拟南芥T-DNA插入的突变体库中分离到2个T-DNA插入突变体,通过表型观察胚胎发育情况。[结果]PCR-WALKING表明T-DNA插入位点分别位于基因At4g20360的5＇非编码区和启动子区,基因编码的GTPase RABE1b蛋白为Rab蛋白家族的成员,将这2个突变体分别命名为Atrabe1 b-1和Atrabe1b-2。透明分析发现此突变体在胚胎发育早期球形胚时期分裂模式出现异常,RT-PCR分析发现此基因在拟南芥中以组成型表达。[结论]基因At4g20360影响拟南芥早期胚胎发育的分裂模式,推测其编码的蛋白GTPaseRABE1b可能对控制拟南芥胚胎发育过程中的细胞分裂起重要作用。     

水稻白化突变体alb24的遗传分析及其基因定位

[目的]对水稻叶色发育缺陷突变体的研究有助于阐释高等植物叶绿体发育和光合作用所必需的基因网络。[方法]从籼稻品种华粳籼74发展的一个株系中出现幼苗期叶片白化、四叶期枯死的表型分离,通过与粳稻中花11构建F_2群体和分子标记,对突变体进行遗传分析和基因定位。[结果]该白化突变体由一对隐性核基因控制,暂命名为alb24,定位于第6染色体SSR标记RM276和Indel标记ID4955-1之间,遗传距离分别为5．0和0．1cM。[结论]ALB24基因的初步定位为进一步的精细定位和克隆该基因奠定了基础。