三维可视化技术在林业中的应用研究进展

阐述三维可视化技术及其在国内外的研究现状.综述了林木可视化、生长模型、林火模拟、森林空间格局4种三维可视化应用方式在林业中的应用研究概况.对三维可视化在林业生产和森林经营管理中的不同应用方式的功能、作用进行了分析概述,并展望了其应用前景.     

降香黄檀培育技术

降香黄檀是原产于我国海南省的珍贵红木树种,具有极高的经济价值,目前在广东、广西等南方省区进行了引种栽培。文章介绍了降香黄檀的生物学特性、栽培技术、抚育管理及病虫害防治措施,对降香黄檀推广和规模化培育具有指导意义。     

The state of the art of agroforestry diagnosis and design

Seven years ago the International Council for Research in Agroforestry set out to develop a methodology for the diagnosis of land management problems and design of agroforestry systems. Since then over 60 documents (articles, conference papers and manuals) relating to the D & D methodology have been published by ICRAF and the methodology has been used to develop agroforestry plans and identify research priorities for a wide range of ecological and cultural conditions throughout the tropical regions of Africa, Latin America and Asia. This article reviews the evolution of the D & D methodology and suggests directions for its future development.Ecological Anthropologist, ICRAF     

Prediction of Board Values in Pinus sylvestris Sawlogs Using X-ray Scanning and Optical Three-dimensional Scanning of Stems

As the sawmill industry strives towards customer orientation, the need for sorting of logs according to quality has been recognized, and automatic sorting based on measurements by three-dimensional (3D) optical log scanners has been implemented at sawmills. There is even a small number of sawmills using the X-ray log scanner for automatic log-sorting. At the log-sorting stage, the potential of the raw material to fulfil the needs has already been reduced by the decisions taken when the trees were bucked (cross-cut) into logs. Thus, the application of predictions of the boards’ properties at the bucking stage is desirable. This study investigates the possibility of predicting board values from logs based on 3D scanning alone and 3D scanning in combination with X-ray scanning of stems. This study is based on 628 logs scanned by computed tomography that make up the Swedish Pine Stem Bank. Simulated sawing of the logs gave product values for each log. Prediction models on product value were adapted using partial least squares regression and x-variables derived from the properties of the logs and their original stems, measurable with a 3D log scanner and the X-ray LogScanner. The results were promising. Using a 3D scanner alone, R ² was 0.68, and using a 3D scanner in combination with an X-ray LogScanner, R ² was 0.72.     

玉溪市膏桐栽培试验

2007年5月至2010年12月,在玉溪市新平县漠沙镇,采用密度、地理种源、肥料、水分、定干高度5因素18水平,按正交原理进行组合栽培试验,摸清了影响膏桐栽培的主要因素水平,成功探索出膏桐的7种栽培模式：M1Z1S1P1D1、M1Z2S2P2D2、M2Z4S1 P2D3、M323S1P2D1、M324S2P1D2、M422S1P1D3、M423S2P1D4。     

木塑复合3D打印耗材制备研究进展

3D 打印 (3D printing, 3DP) 起源于 20 世纪 80 年代,是一种节材、节能的新兴增材制造技术, 其原理是分层制造、逐层叠加,近年来受到社会的广泛关注。文章简要介绍了 3D 打印技术的分类和常用 3D 打印材料种类,重点综述了近年来专用于 3D 打印的木塑复合材料的研究现状,指出了目前 3D 打印 用木塑复合材料存在的主要缺陷。     

基于ArcGIS与SketchUp的景观规划快速表现技术

运用传统技术手段对大中尺度景观规划表现,存在着效率低、成本高、精度差的缺陷.随着技术发展,在景观规划中运利用ArcGIS与SketchUp技术,进行三维全景表现开始受到广泛运用,有效提高规划成果表现效率和效果.     

等高线的三维地形建模与实现

介绍由等高线地形图数据生成三维地形图的一种实现方法 ,采用Delaunay三角网进行三维建模 ,然后用OpenGL进行三维显示。文章结合开发实例分析每一个步骤及相应算法实现 ,并给出所生成的三维地形图实例     

赤松毛虫防治指标的研究

赤松毛虫(Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler)是山东省松树的主要害虫,常将成片的松树吃光,危害十分严重。目前在治虫工作中,往往只根据经验性“指标”决定防治与否,盲目性很大。因此,研究和提出一个准确有效的防治指标,具有非常重要的意义。我们于1986～1987年在山东省新泰市土门林场,对赤松毛虫防治指标进行了初步研究,现将结果整理报告如下。     

Sterile insect technique and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wolbachia</Emphasis> symbiosis as potential tools for the control of the invasive species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila suzukii</Emphasis>

Drosophila suzukii, a vinegar fly originated from Southeast Asia, has recently invaded western countries, and it has been recognized as an important threat of a wide variety of several commercial soft fruits. This review summarizes the current information about the biology and dispersal of D. suzukii and discusses the current status and prospects of control methods for the management of this pest. We highlight current knowledge and ongoing research on innovative environmental-friendly control methods with emphasis on the sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT). SIT has been successfully used for the containment, suppression or even eradication of populations of insect pests. IIT has been proposed as a stand-alone tool or in conjunction with SIT for insect pest control. The principles of SIT and IIT are reviewed, and the potential value of each approach in the management of D. suzukii is analyzed. We thoroughly address the challenges of SIT and IIT, and we propose the use of SIT as a component of an area-wide integrated pest management approach to suppress D. suzukii populations. As a contingency plan, we suggest a promising alternative avenue through the combination of these two techniques, SIT/IIT, which has been developed and is currently being tested in open-field trials against Aedes mosquito populations. All the potential limiting factors that may render these methods ineffective, as well as the requirements that need to be fulfilled before their application, are discussed.     

Needle blight caused by Dothistroma pini in Slovakia: distribution,host range and mating types

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) has been observed in Slovakia during the last two decades. Up until 2017, Dothistroma septosporum has only been detected and molecularly confirmed to cause DNB in Slovakia. Here, we report the detection of Dothistroma pini at six localities around Slovakia, representing different plantation types. Four pine species (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. jeffreyi) were confirmed as hosts of D. pini in Slovakia, of which only P. mugo has been previously reported as host in Slovakia. Three gene regions (ITS, EF1 –α, and ß-tubulin) of each of the 13 isolates were sequenced and assigned as D. pini. Based on ITS sequences, the studied isolates represent the haplotypes Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2. Both mating types were detected but at different localities. Our results suggest that in addition to D. septosporum, D. pini may contribute to DNB also in Slovakia.     

采运系统木材生产的动态调节与控制

本文以采运系统的内部结构为出发点,应用系统动力学原理和方法,建立了采运系统木材生产动力学模型。说明在木材销售活动这一随机因素干扰下的库存策略的动态变化,是木材生产整个系统行为波动的最主要的放大源。提出了有目标指导下的体现存在策略的具体参数。通过对实际系统多种生产方案进行模拟仿真,表明该模型能够找出最佳方案,作为生产决策的依据。     

Diplodia scrobiculata found in the southern hemisphere

Diplodia scrobiculata, a latent pathogen of Pinus spp. and other conifers with a limited distribution in the United States, Mexico and southern Europe, has not been reported previously in the southern hemisphere. This is unlike its close relative Diplodia pinea that is found in most parts of the world where pines are native or have been introduced. During an intensive D. pinea survey conducted in Pinus patula plantations in eastern parts of South Africa, a small number of isolates atypical of D. pinea were found. Morphological studies and DNA sequence comparisons showed that these isolates represent D. scrobiculata. Microsatellite analyses suggest that the South African isolates of D. scrobiculata might have originated from California. Pathogenicity tests showed that some of the D. scrobiculata isolates were as pathogenic as those of D. pinea on Pinus radiata and Pinus elliottii.     

Improving sap flux density measurements by correctly determining thermal diffusivity, differentiating between bound and unbound water

Several heat-based sap flow methods, such as the heat field deformation method and the heat ratio method, include the thermal diffusivity D of the sapwood as a crucial parameter. Despite its importance, little attention has been paid to determine D in a plant physiological context. Therefore, D is mostly set as a constant, calculated during zero flow conditions or from a method of mixtures, taking into account wood density and moisture content. In this latter method, however, the meaning of the moisture content is misinterpreted, making it theoretically incorrect for D calculations in sapwood. A correction to this method, which includes the correct application of the moisture content, is proposed. This correction was tested for European and American beech and Eucalyptus caliginosa Blakely & McKie. Depending on the dry wood density and moisture content, the original approach over- or underestimates D and, hence, sap flux density by 10% and more.     

Phenotypic characterization of cryptic Diplodia species by MALDI‐TOF MS and the bias of mycelium age

Detection and identification of fungal cryptic species has been facilitated by DNA sequencing. However, the examination of some phenotypic traits is fundamental for the confirmation of genetic results. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry has shown remarkable reliability in the recognition of species‐specific phenotypic markers and has already been tested in several species of fungi. However, even though there is no direct evidence, the age of the mycelium appears to influence the composition of the metabolites detected. In this study, we demonstrate that MALDI‐TOF is a reliable technique to identify suitable metabolites to distinguish three monophyletic species of Diplodia (D. pinea, D. seriata and D. scrobiculata), thus supporting recent DNA results. Nevertheless, different collections of samples over a period of 3 months after inoculation also revealed that the MALDI‐TOF spectra are highly dependent on mycelial age. More importantly, the species‐specific markers emerge only after 1 month of mycelial growth. The methodological and biological implications of these findings are discussed.     

广西血竭化学成份的初步定性及与其它品种血竭的对比

本文采用中草药化学定性法对广西血竭[剑叶龙血树Dracaena cochinchinen-sis(Lour.)S.C.Chen.]和云南血竭[柬埔寨龙血树Dracaena Cambodiana Pier-re]进行定性测定,初步确定他们含有糖、挥发油、强心甙、鞣质、黄酮、蒽醌和其他酚性物质。另采用IR、UV光谱法、薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法对广西血竭、云南血竭、索科特拉血竭[龙血树Dracaena ombet Kotschy]和皇冠牌血竭[黄藤属Daemonorops一些品种的果实]进行测定,对比各种分析结果,证明广西血竭与云南血竭化学组成基本相同,与索科特拉血竭相似,而与皇冠牌血竭有显著差异。     

基于透视投影原理的瓦片LOD算法的研究与实现

针对目前大规模三维地形虚拟场景的实时切换和漫游需求,阐述LOD算法的技术原理、关键技术点、主要指标,分析业界流行的开源引擎NASA WorldWind三维地球软件的瓦片LOD算法,提出了一个基于透视投影原理的三维地球瓦片LOD优化数学模型。基于这个数学模型,针对特定场景提出了优化方案。实验证明,此方案能明显提高三维地球分级瓦片的调度性能,解决网络环境下三维场景快速展示的需求。     

毛竹增产剂配方筛选及竹腔施肥效果分析

通过对毛竹林连续5a的竹腔施肥试验，分析毛竹增产剂配方中各试验因素和水平之间对毛竹新竹数、新竹平均胸径、出笋数及成竹率的影响，并对竹林竹腔施肥前、后总体效果进行比较。结果表明试验期年均水平与试验前水平相比，新竹量、新竹平均胸径、年均出笋数、成竹率分别提高了62．8％、16．9％、69．0％和17．9％。试验区与对照区相比，新竹量、新竹平均胸径、笋产量、成竹率分别提高了75．0％、15．2％、79．7％、35，2％，年均增加收益115．9％。     

缅甸五种木材构造的定量特征鉴定

对从缅甸进口的黑酸枝、黑崖豆、缅红漆、木荚豆和榉木等五种木材,以宏观、微观、亚微观和体视显微术方法,进行了木材构造的定量特征鉴定,结果表明,这些木材比重的大小,可用木材胞壁率或木材密度指数表示:木荚豆、黑崖豆和黑酸枝具有优良的机械性能和装饰、雕刻特性;黑崖豆和黑酸校可以其木射线列数和高度的不同加以区分;缅红漆与黑崖豆和黑酸枝的主要区别在于前者有径向树胶管,后二者缺乏。最后,对这五种木材用途的适宜范围作了推荐。     

E-octadec-7-en-5-ynoic acid from the roots of Capparis zeylanica

A new fatty acid, E-octadec-7-en-5-ynoic acid (1), has been isolated from chloroform extract of the roots of Capparis zeylanica. The structure of this compound was established primarily by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.