微生物对堆肥发酵进程影响的研究进展

在养殖场中堆肥处理不仅是一种应用最普遍的粪污处理方式,也是目前固体有机废弃物处置中最有效、最经济的方法。堆肥处理是在人工可控条件下微生物把废弃有机物转变为无病虫卵、无病原菌、无臭气物质的稳定化过程。筛选耐低温、耐高温和具有高效降解纤维素能力的微生物菌株,将其加入堆肥发酵腐熟过程中,可以起到加快堆肥处理进程、提高腐熟效果、降低植物毒性等作用。该研究从国内外研制堆肥腐熟微生物制剂的进展,以及低温、中温和高温堆肥腐熟微生物制剂的种类和应用等方面进行综述。     

用堆肥发酵方法处理死鸡

相对于掩埋和焚烧,死鸡的堆肥处理是一个相对新颖、切实可行并且清洁卫生的处理方法。它具有经济性、绝对的无臭性和广泛的生物适用性,可以适用于肉鸡、火鸡、蛋鸡。其中,科学的管理是堆肥成功的关键。     

畜禽粪污无害化处理高温好氧堆肥技术

常见的固体粪便处理方法有堆肥法、干燥法、焚烧法等。由于高温好氧堆肥法与其它无害化方法相比,具有省能源、低成本、发酵产物活性强、处理过程养分损失少等优点,并且也可达到去除臭味、灭菌的目的,处理的最终产物较干燥,易包装、施用,因此,鉴于我国目前技术水平的局限及经济条件的制约,对固体粪便采用高温好氧堆肥法处理是最佳的处置方式。     

畜禽废弃物堆肥无害化处理略谈

随着人们对自身健康的重视和环保意识的增强,畜禽粪便制作的有机肥越来越多地用于＂有机食品＂和＂绿色食品＂生产中。目前国内外畜禽粪便作为肥料,其处理一般分为干燥后直接使用和堆沤发酵。     

畜禽粪污在好氧堆肥发酵中的问题及对策

堆肥发酵是目前养殖企业处理畜禽粪污的有效方式之一,该方法操作简单,投入少,可根据养殖场粪污产生的数量而选择适宜的处理规模。本文就在发酵处理程中所产生的问题进行探讨,以期为养殖场提供借鉴。     

日本鸡场的粪便堆肥发酵处理

随着畜禽养殖业规模化、集约化发展,畜禽废弃物总量正呈逐年大幅增长态势,我国畜禽养殖业污染已成为农村污染的主要来源.继前几年北京、上海等大城市宣布将养殖企业搬出近郊后,2007年11月底,广东省东莞市宣布,从2009年1月1日起,在全市范围内禁止养猪.     

鸡粪堆肥发酵处理的主要方式

鸡粪处理,主要有干燥、堆肥发酵、焚烧等方法.鸡粪的堆肥发酵处理是一种较容易的方法.养鸡场通过将肥料成分充足的鸡粪先进行发酵,再使用于耕田的施肥,能维持土壤的肥力、保持环境与农业生产之间的和谐发展,并能促进物质的循环利用.     

养殖场粪便及污水无害化处理

<正>1粪便无害化处理沼气法:畜禽粪便可利用沼气或沼气罐产生沼气。此法可以处理大量的粪便、污水,且最适用于阴雨天多、晒干较困难的地方。这是养殖场解决环境污染的一种良性循环机制,也是生态农业发展的一部分。腐熟堆肥法:粪便经腐熟处理后外观呈暗褐色,松软无臭。烘干法:较大规模的养殖场,采用烘干法较理想。首先对粪便进行固液分离,分离后的固体成分烘干后,添加其他成分制     

桑椹原汁不同工艺发酵比较试验

2019年春,为优化桑果酒酿造工艺,进行了桑椹原汁不同工艺发酵试验。结果表明:以成熟度好、糖度高的桑果为原料,选择酵母为F33,添加量为250 mg/L,发酵前调整目标糖含量为205 g/L,SO_2添加量控制在60 mg/L,采用15～18℃低温控制发酵,发酵时间控制在7 d,能得到品质较好的桑椹果酒。     

酱油渣发酵生产蛋白质饲料的研究

1 前言 我国饲料_丁业经过20多年的发展,已经成为我国的支柱产业为之一,配合饲料产量居全世界第二.随着饲料工业的发展,已出现饲料资源短缺,并将继续存在.     

酪蛋白在不同pH值下特性的研究

将高速离心分离的酪蛋白配制成不同pH值的溶液,然后研究了酪蛋白的Zeta电势、电导率、黏度、平均粒径和稳定性的变化规律.实验结果表明,酪蛋白溶液的Zeta电势值(绝对值)、电导率值和黏度值都是随着pH的增加而逐渐增加.平均粒径值是先减小后增加,在pH 6.2时有最小值,为26.03mm.溶液的pH在5.8-6.6之间时,体系较稳定.初步认为,当pH小于7时,降低pH会导致胶体磷酸钙的溶解,使得体系的平均粒径变小.继续降低pH会导致静电斥力的减小,酪蛋白会发生凝集,平均粒径增大,体系也会变得不稳定.     

桑树不同品种生态特性的研究

为依据生态学的原理和规律建设高产优质桑园,研究了湖桑32号、农桑12号、新一之濑、选792号等不同品种桑园的土壤温度、土壤含水量、土壤呼吸强度、CO_2浓度、空气温度、空气相对湿度、光合有效辐射等生态特性。4个品种的土壤呼吸速率依次为农桑12号>湖桑32号>新一之濑>选792号;增加空气相对湿度的大小顺序为农桑12号>选＊蛇号>湖桑32号>新一之尬湖桑32号周围的地浓度显著高于其它3个品种;农桑12号降低气温的生态特性较为显著。对不同品种桑园与空旷地气候因素进行差异性分析认为,夏季桑园具有降低气温、增加空气相对湿度、降低土壤温度、减少土壤蒸发、增加土壤含水量的生态作用。     

Effects of Two Different Cooling Devices for Testicles Transport on Stallion Epididymal Sperm Quality

This study evaluates the effects of two cooling devices and temperature for testicles storage on epididymal sperm quality after 24 hours; different levels of seminal plasma (0% and 10%) were evaluated on sperm after recovering. Testicles from six stallions were recovered immediately after castration (2) or at the slaughterhouse (4); of the same animal, one testicle was placed in Equitainer (+8°C), the other in a styrofoam box with ice (+3°C). After 24 hours, the temperature of parenchyma was measured, and testicles and epididymal were weighted. Sperm were flushed from the cauda epididymides with Kenney extender, total sperm number recorded and motility and viability evaluated immediately after flushing (T0) with or without 10% SP (G1 Eq 0%, G2 Eq 10%, G3 Ice 0%, G4 Ice 10%). Motility and viability were evaluated after 24 hours and 48 hours of storage at +4°C. Temperature of the parenchyma was lower in testicles stored in ice compared to Equitainer (3.2 ± 0.6°C and 8.6 ± 2.5°C, respectively; P < .05). Motility and viability at T0 were similar (P > .05) in G1 and G3, whereas addition of SP after recovery significantly improved motility only in samples stored in Equitainer (G2). Viability was higher (P < .05) in G2 than in G4. At T24 and T48, no differences (P > .05) in sperm quality were found between storage methods or samples with or without SP. In conclusion, equine testicles can be safely stored either at lower (+3°C) or higher (+8°C) temperature than +5°C. This can be useful, especially when testicles are shipped in a hot climate, where devices cannot guarantee optimal refrigeration conditions.     

Ovum Pick-up in Sheep: a Comparison between Different Aspiration Devices for Optimal Oocyte Retrieval

In vivo ovum pick-up (OPU) in sheep may be improved with a proper choice of aspiration elements (needle and tubing) and aspiration vacuum pressure. In the present study, two experiments were carried out. In Expt 1, visible follicles in ovaries of slaughtered ewes (treated separately according to their diameters: small<3 mm, medium 3-5 mm and large>5 mm) were aspirated using different combinations of the three studied factors such as aspiration flow rate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml water/min), needle gauge (18 and 20 G) and tubing inner diameter (1, 2 or 3 mm internal diameter). In Expt 2, a study with two 18 G needles of different lengths (18 G: 82 mm; 18 GL: 600 mm) was carried out, using ovaries obtained post-mortem, and performing in vivo laparoscopic follicular aspiration on ewes. We considered good quality oocytes as those with both complete compact cumulus and a homogeneous cytoplasm. Recovery rate, proportion of good quality oocytes (good quality oocytes/100 oocytes recovered) and overall efficiency (good quality oocytes/100 follicles aspirated) were noted. In Expt 1, aspiration flow rate affect remarkable proportion of good quality oocytes (69.5%, 50.5%, 44.8%, 36.5% and 28.3% for flows from 10 to 50 ml/min respectively, p<0.05). Needle gauge did not affect aspiration device efficiency. Thin and intermediate tubings were more effective (overall efficiency rates: 34.9%, 32.3% and 28.1% for 1, 2 and 3 mm respectively, p<0.05). Follicle size did not affect recovery rate, but proportion of good quality oocytes was higher for large (77.9%) and medium (64.4%) follicles (p<0.05). Finally, some combinations of the aspiration device showed greater effectiveness. In Expt 2, needle length did not influence recovery rate, but good quality oocytes rate was significantly modified both post-mortem and in vivo (good quality rate for 18 G vs 18 GL needles: 69.5% vs 47.7% and 58.1% vs 25.4%, post-mortem and in vivo respectively, p<0.05). We conclude that low-aspiration flow rates (10 and 20 ml/min) with thin or intermediate tubings (1 and 2 mm), and any short needle (18 G or 20 G) are the most adequate aspiration factors for OPU in sheep.     

不同浓度镉胁迫下6种草本植物的耐性及富集特征的比较

为了筛选并评价耐镉(Cadmium,Cd)性较高的优势植物物种,本研究以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)、多变小冠花(Coronilla varia)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricum)、细茎冰草(A gropyron trachycau-lum)和野牛...     

Interactions Among Different Devices and Electrical Stimulus on the Electroejaculation of Captive Agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina)

The interactions among different electroejaculation devices associated with serial or continuous stimuli were investigated to improve the efficiency of the electroejaculation for semen collection in agoutis. Ten sexually matured male Dasyprocta leporina were restrained by the intramuscular administration of xylazine–ketamine association. Each individual was randomly subjected to four electroejaculation protocols, by combining two devices (one presenting longitudinal electrodes emitting square waves and other presenting ring electrodes emitting sine waves) and two electrical stimuli protocols (serial or continuous). A total of 40 attempts for electroejaculation were conducted in agoutis, being 10 per treatment. The most efficient treatment in providing ejaculates containing sperm (p < 0.05) was that using and electroejaculator connected to a probe with ring electrodes and associated with serial stimuli (4/7; 57%). In spite of semen parameters obtained by sine waves were adequate for using the samples for assisted reproduction, higher values for sperm motility and functional membrane integrity were obtained in the use of the square wave, independently of the electric stimulation protocol used (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we verified that the use of a device presenting a probe with ring electrodes and emitting sine waves, associated with a serial stimuli protocol, improves the efficiency for semen obtaining by electroejaculation in adults D. leporina.