成膜性奶牛乳头药浴剂临床应用效果观察

本研究对成膜性奶牛乳头药浴剂的牧场应用效果进行了观察分析,将试验牛乳区分为对照组和试验组,分别使用成膜性药浴液和常规碘伏药浴液,通过测定药浴剂使用前后的体细胞数变化和隐性乳腺炎的发病率等指标来评价新型药浴剂使用效果。试验结果表明,隐性乳腺炎的乳区发病率由药浴前的41.6%下降到17.3%,与对照组比差异显著。成膜性药浴剂乳头保护效果高效持久,并能有效降低乳汁体细胞数目,预防奶牛乳腺炎症的发生,保证原料乳的质量安全。     

黄芪多糖提高干奶期奶牛乳腺免疫力试验

从干奶期着手,利用黄芪多糖对隐性乳腺炎的奶牛进行乳头直接投药治疗,产后第3天检测乳腺炎发病情况。结果:用药组比对照组差异显著(P<0.05),尤其是第2组的效果更明显,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);不同药物剂量处理后第2组的30mg剂量比其他各组都达到显著水平(P<0.05),与对照组相比达到极显著水平(P<0.01),说明用此剂量对提高奶牛乳腺免疫力能达到很好效果;从前后治愈率来看,第2组用药剂量的治愈率达到最高水平,产后第3天检测治愈率为50%;干奶前第6天与产后第3天每组平均每头奶牛阳性乳房数差异不显著(P>0.05),说明产后没有新的乳腺炎发生,整个干奶期乳腺免疫力保持了很好的稳定状态,对于干奶前的预防效果达到了预期目标。     

高剂量锌对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响研究

选择泌乳中后期的中国荷斯坦奶牛24头,分为4组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础日粮(锌水平71 0mg/kg日粮干物质),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在对照组基础上分别添加300、500和800mg/kg的锌(以饲料级硫酸锌的形式)。研究高锌对奶牛生产性能和血液理化性质的影响。结果表明:添加高锌对产奶量无显著影响(P>0 05),不影响乳蛋白含量和乳脂率(P>0 05),但乳锌含量分别提高了66 91%(P<0 01)、104 83%(P<0 01)和115 7%(P<0 01)。添加高锌对血清碱性磷酸酶活性无明显影响(P>0 05),但血清锌水平分别提高了65%(P<0 01)、120 77%(P<0 01)和162 31%(P<0 01);血清白蛋白和血清尿素氮水平与对照组均无明显差异(P>0 05);血红蛋白含量和红细胞比容与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0 05)。     

奶牛壳聚糖乳头保护膜药浴剂的制备及临床应用效果研究

该研究考察了不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外抑菌效果,以壳聚糖和聚维酮碘为主效消毒成分研制奶牛乳头保护膜药浴剂,分别使用壳聚糖乳头保护膜药浴剂(左乳区,试验组)和聚维酮碘药浴剂(右乳区,对照组)对奶牛乳头进行药浴,通过乳中营养成分、体细胞数(SCC)及体细胞评分(SCS)、隐性乳房炎发病率等指标评价壳聚糖乳头保护膜的使用效果。结果表明,相对分子质量为50×10~3的壳聚糖对6种致病菌的抑菌效果最好;且在乳头保护膜中添加1.00%的壳聚糖后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果要显著大于未添加组(P0.05);乳区试验结果表明,试验28 d后试验组和对照组之间的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖含量、总固体含量和SCC、SCS差异不显著,28 d时,试验组和对照组隐性乳房炎的发病率分别为9.38%和14.58%,此外试验组14 d的SCC显著低于0 d(P0.05),而对照组的差异不显著。表明壳聚糖乳头保护膜药浴剂可有效地预防奶牛乳房炎。     

乳头药浴涂膜剂对奶牛乳房炎的临床疗效

为观察乳头药浴涂膜剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎的预防效果,选择隐性乳房炎奶牛60头,随机分为5组,每组12头。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为4%次氯酸钠组,Ⅲ组为0.5%洗必泰组,Ⅳ组为1%碘伏组,Ⅴ组为药浴涂膜剂浸组。在第0、30、60、90天采用SCC法和CMT法检测牛乳中体细胞数,并记录临床型奶牛乳房炎的发病数和发病率,同时记录各组奶牛泌乳总量和平均泌乳量。结果:同对照组相比,各试验组均能显著降低隐性乳房炎病牛体细胞数,且对奶牛乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖及乳汁p H值、比重、日均泌乳量几乎没有影响。用于预防奶牛隐性乳房炎时,试验Ⅲ、Ⅴ的效果高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组,差异显著(P0.05)。在进行奶牛隐性乳房炎临床治疗试验时,试验Ⅴ组对隐性乳房炎的治愈率和有效率分别为77.78%、88.89%,远高于其他各组。结论:奶牛乳头药浴涂膜剂是一种更适合于进行临床防治奶牛隐性乳房炎的新型奶牛药浴药物,对临床型奶牛乳房炎有较好的预防效果,可以作为预防类药物用于奶牛生产中,降低奶牛乳房炎的发生率。     

“兰色乳头消毒剂”应用效果的试验报告

最近我们采用美国产“兰色乳头消毒剂”对患有隐性乳房炎的泌乳期乳牛乳头进行药浴,观察减少乳汁感染,预防乳房炎的试验。 1 方法与结果 1994年5月份我们从检出的74头隐性乳房炎中选出30头奶牛随机分3组进行本试验。 第1组,1～10号牛榨乳后不进行乳头药浴;第2组11～20号牛榨乳后用“兰色乳头消毒剂进行乳头药浴;第3组21～30号牛用0.3％     

半胱胺、有机铬和蛋氨酸羟基类似物对水牛泌乳性能及血清生理生化指标的影响

选择8头健康产奶水牛, 按产犊时间、胎次及产奶量相近的原则随机分成4组。采用4×4拉丁方设计, 试验分4期, 4个日粮处理组分别为对照组、半胱胺(CS) 处理组(10mg/d·kg体重)、有机铬(CrP) 处理组(0 8mg/kg精料) 及蛋氨酸羟基类似物(MHA) 处理组(35g/d·头), 研究CS、CrP和MHA对水牛产奶量、乳成分及血液生理生化指标的影响。试验结果表明: (1 ) CS、CrP和MHA组的产奶量分别比对照组提高3 89%、6 80%、5 90%, 但统计上差异不显著(P>0 05)。(2) CS和CrP组的乳总干物质比对照组稍低, 但MHA组的乳总干物质比对照组提高了2 25% (P>0 05); CS组乳中乳蛋白比对照组稍低, 而CrP和MHA组乳中乳蛋白分别比对照组提高1 29%和1 55% (P>0 05 );CS和CrP组乳中乳脂率分别下降4 08%和3 55% (P>0 05); 而MHA组乳脂率提高了8 17% (P>0 05)。(3) CS、CrP和MHA组血清总蛋白分别比对照组下降2 80%、11 22%和0 82% (P>0 05); CS和CrP组血清甘油三酯分别提高16 67%和11 11% (P>0 05 ); 三个处理组血清中无机离子(钾、钠、氯、钙、磷) 的含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0 05 )。(4 ) CS、CrP和MHA对血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 活性无显著影响(P>0 05); MHA组血清胰岛素(INS) 显著提高22 33% (P<0 05),     

甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸对断奶仔猪抗氧化功能的影响

为了研究甘氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln)和牛磺酸(Tau)对断奶仔猪血液抗氧化功能的影响,以28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪为研究对象,采用随机区组设计法将72头健康、体重相近仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头,公母各半,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。4个处理组分别为:基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln组)、基础日粮+0. 1%牛磺酸(Tau组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺+0. 1%牛磺酸(复配组)。结果:Tau组中的血浆中超氧化歧化酶活性(SOD)显著高于对照组(P<0. 05);对于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性,除Gly-Gln组在第7天显著高于对照组,第14、21及28天差异均不显著(P>0. 05)。对于还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH),在第14和21天Gly-Gln组极显著高于对照组(P<0. 01);对于血浆碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP),Gly-Gln组在第7和14天显著低于对照组(P<0. 05),第21和28天极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01)。研究表明:饲粮中分别或同时添加甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸有提高断奶仔猪血浆中的SOD、GSH-PX活性和GSH含量的趋势(P>0. 05),降低了血浆AKP活性(P<0. 05),从而提高了仔猪的抗氧化能力。     

中草药添加剂对提高生猪生产性能的应用研究

采用单因子试验设计,选用"杜长大"三元杂交仔猪126头,随机分成3组,每组42头,每个组3个重复,每个重复14头仔猪。试验1组、试验2组分别添加两种中药,添加量均为0.50%,对照组不加中药。试验结果表明:试验1组和2组的日增重比对照组分别提高了8.09%、4.28%,差异显著(P<0.05),其余各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验1组、试验2组与对照组相比饲料报酬分别提高了14.53%(P<0.01)、4.30%(P>0.05);试验各组腹泻率均小于对照组,试验1组没有出现腹泻,效果最好。     

成膜性中药乳头药浴液对奶牛隐性乳房炎的影响

奶牛乳头药浴是预防隐性乳房炎的有效措施之一。天津市畜牧兽医研究所研制的成膜性中药乳头药浴液主要成分为抗茵中药和成膜材料,用于奶牛挤奶后乳头药浴,对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母类真菌等具有良好的抑制和杀灭作用,同时兼有薄膜的屏障作用,可阻止病原微生物从乳头侵入乳腺组织。分别采用LMT检测和乳汁体细胞数作为隐性乳房炎诊断指标,探讨成膜性中药乳头药浴液对奶牛隐性乳房炎的影响.结果表明,成膜性中乳头药浴液可减少隐性乳房炎阳性率和阳性强度,降低乳汁体细胞数,提高产奶量．、试验组比对照组隐性乳房炎发病率降低32．4％（P〈0．001）,产奶量提高6．72kg／（d·头）（35．1％,P〈0．05）。     

Prevention of intramammary infections in dairy cows by the use of a premilking teat dip method with a foaming iodophor dip agent

In this study we investigated the efficacy of premilking teat dipping with a foaming iodophor teat dip in a negative controlled field study. Incidence of new intramammary infections (IMI), incidence of clinical mastitis, influence on somatic cell count (SCC) and the characteristics of udder tissue and teats were used as parameters to evaluate clinical efficacy. Predipping was compared with a negative control using a split-udder experimental design. Right teats were predipped with a foaming disinfectant containing 0.27% iodine while left teats served as controls. The latter were conventionally cleaned with damp cloth towels and dried manually with disposable paper towels ("best cleaning practice"). All teats were dipped after milking with the same dip. There were no differences between treated and control quarters with respect to incidence of new IMI during the study period (treated quarters: 6.6% vs. untreated: 6.95%), incidence of clinical mastitis (30 cases in the treatment group vs. 39 cases in the control group) and geometric mean of SCC of quarter milk samples. Spectrum of detected pathogens was also comparable. Condition of udder tissue and teat ducts did not differ between treated and control quarters.     

中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎的防治效果及免疫增强作用

选取临床型、隐性型和健康型荷斯坦奶牛共80头,用于中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎的防治及免疫试验,对治疗前后乳中体细胞数(SCC)、乳清中白蛋白(SA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)、嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率和使用前后干奶期乳房炎的发病率进行了研究。结果表明,中药复方灌注剂和抗生素对隐性乳房炎的治愈率分别为94.44%和88.24%,有效率均为100%;对临床型乳房炎的治愈率分别为86.67%和76.92%,有效率为93.33%和84.62%;对干奶期乳房炎的预防效果分别为88.89%和94.12%,而生理盐水对照组发病率高达45.45%。中药复方灌注剂可以极显著降低患病奶牛乳中SCC、SA、LDH、ALT、AST水平(P＜0.01),提高SI和嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率(P＜0.01)。试验证实了中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎有较好的防治效果,能够修复奶牛受损的乳腺上皮细胞,降低受损细胞产生的酶含量和血乳的渗透性,提高患病奶牛机体的免疫机能。     

中草药添加剂对奶牛乳房炎及生产性能的影响

选择乳房炎奶牛16头，按照泌乳日、产奶量相近的原则随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组奶牛使用抗生素药物治疗，试验组奶牛在精料中添加中草药饲料添加剞代替抗生素治疗。结果表明：试验组奶牛乳房炎阳性率由41．48％降至3．13％，总有效率达到92．45％（P〈0．05）；并且使奶牛平均产奶量相对于对照组提高3．81kg／d（P〈0．05），乳脂率提高0．28％。     

THE NEW SOUTH WALES MASTITIS CONTROL PROGRAM

SUMMARY A mastitis control program based on teat dipping and dry cow therapy was evaluated in 35 herds over a 3 year period. The incidence of subclinical mastitis as detected by the Rapid Mastitis Test (RMT) fell from 34% to 12% quarters positive, a reduction of 65%. Clinical mastitis was reduced from 37 clinical cases per 100 cows in the first 3 month period to 12 clinical cases per 100 cows in the last 3 month period, a reduction of 68%. Variations in response to the program in the reduction of subclinical and clinical mastitis are discussed and the results compared with similar trials conducted overseas. The Modified Whiteside Test was used on bulk milk samples from the control herds and these results were significantly correlated with the prevalence of subclinical mastitis assessed by RMT individual quarters.     

Efficacy of blanket treatment of cows and heifers with an internal teat sealant in reducing the risk of mastitis in dairy cattle calving on pasture

AIM: To evaluate the benefit of blanket treatment of all milking cows at drying-off and all replacement heifers one month prior to the planned start of mating with an internal teat sealant on the incidence of mastitis, and somatic cell counts (SCC), postpartum in a 650-cow herd with a mastitis incidence in early lactation of 15% in cows and 26% in heifers. METHODS: Prior to drying-off, lactating cattle were divided on the basis of SCC and mastitis history. Cattle with records of individual SCC >150,000 cells/ml or mastitis in the previous lactation were treated with a cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy (DCT), while the remaining cattle received no antibiotics. Cattle in each of the two groups were then randomly assigned to receive either an internal teat sealant or no further treatment. Additionally, one month prior to the planned start of calving the rising 2-year-old heifers were also randomly assigned to receive either an internal teat sealant or no treatment. All clinical mastitis cases were recorded for the first 10 weeks after the start of calving, while SCC were measured on three occasions during the subsequent lactation. RESULTS: Data were available from 466 cows and 206 heifers; treatment with the internal teat sealant significantly reduced the incidence of mastitis in both groups. For cows, the reduced risk of mastitis due to treatment with the teat sealant was not significantly different between cows, which, based on their mastitis history, required dry-cow antibiotics and those which did not. There was no effect of teat sealant on the mean SCC of any group at any time-point. CONCLUSIONS: On this farm, treatment of all cows and heifers prior to parturition with an internal teat sealant significantly reduced the risk of clinical mastitis. The benefits of an internal teat sealant were the same when used in combination with antibiotics in cows with a history of mastitis as when used alone in cows with no such history. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data support the proposition that blanket treatment with an internal teat sealant of all cows due to enter the milking herd can be a useful method of mastitis control. They also suggest that combined therapy with dry-cow antibiotics and internal teat sealants can be beneficial under New Zealand conditions. More detailed research on more farms in more areas of New Zealand is required to confirm these suggestions.     

海藻酸钠成膜基质奶牛乳头药浴液研制及临床应用

为探讨食品保鲜剂海藻酸成膜基质奶牛乳头药浴可行性及临床应用效果研制海藻酸钠成膜基质奶牛乳头药浴液,并进行了实验室检测与临床应用试验效果评估.结果表明:海藻酸钠成膜基质对动物皮肤无显微病理损伤;对奶牛乳腺炎临床分离菌株大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及无乳链球菌30s杀菌率均达99.99％以上,6个月杀菌率可达98.99％以上...     

自拟中药方剂治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床效果

[目的]为探讨自拟中药方剂治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床效果。[方法]将辖区内发生乳房炎的奶牛30头作为研究对象,随机分为3组,各10头,A组给予常规西药治疗,B组给予自拟中药方剂治疗,C组给予中西医结合治疗,观察3组病牛的疗效。[结果]A组病牛治疗后临床总有效率为60.00%,B组为80.00%,C组为100.00%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),提示中西医结合治疗奶牛乳房炎可取得更理想的治疗效果,C组病牛症状消失时间、痊愈时间和复发率均明显少于其余两组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]使用常规西药联合自拟中药方剂治疗奶牛乳房炎疗效明显,缩短病牛康复时间,降低复发率,效果显著,可推广使用。     

The clinical effectiveness of a post milking teat disinfection method with a foaming iodophor teat dip

The effect of postmilking teat dipping with a foaming iodophor agent on incidence of intramammary infections (IMI), incidence of clinical mastitis, somatic cell count and the characteristics of udder tissue and teat was investigated in a positively controlled field study. Two groups of animals were compared. Teats were dipped with a foaming iodophor in the treatment group (TG, 122 animals) while teats in the control group (CG, 121 animals) were dipped with a conventional iodophor teat dip with the same iodine content. A bacteriological examination of quarter milk samples divided the study period in two parts. The incidence of new IMI did not differ between the groups (1st part of trial: TG vs. CG: 6.84% vs. 9.16%, 2nd part of trial: 7.78% vs. 7.82%). There were no differences between the treatment groups regarding incidence of clinical mastitis. We detected 0.64 clinical cases per 100 days in the treatment group vs. 0.50 in the control group. The development of SCC was comparable in both groups. Teat skin and teat duct conditions showed variation during the study period. Clinical efficacy of postmilking teat disinfection with a foaming iodophor was comparable to the treatment with a conventional iodophor product.     

Within herd comparison of teat dipping and dry cow therapy with only selective dry cow therapy in six herds

A within herd comparison of teat dipping and dry cow therapy (full treatment) with only selective dry cow therapy (partial treatment) was carried out in six commercial dairy herds for a two year period. In four herds, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 2 to 12 per cent higher in the partial treatment group. In another herd, in which the pattern of clinical mastitis isolates was unusual in that minor pathogens were isolated from 30 per cent of mastitis cases, the incidence was 43 per cent higher in the partial treatment group. In the remaining herd the incidence was 10 percent higher in the full treatment group. Streptococcus uberis mastitis was more common in the partial treatment groups of five herds; coliform mastitis was more common in the full treatment groups of two herds and similar in both groups in the other herds. High rates of coliform mastitis were associated with poor herd environmental conditions but this was not true for Strep uberis mastitis. Rates of staphylococcus aureus and Strep dysgalactiae mastitis were low in all herds. The level of major pathogen infection in cows completing the trial in all herds increased in the partial treatment group from 5 per cent of quarters at the start to 12 per cent at the finish of the trial. In the full treatment group, however, there was only a small increase in this level. In contrast, levels of Corynebacterium bovis infection increased by 17 per cent in both treatment groups. Continued use of teat dipping and dry cow therapy was associated with a higher rate of coliform mastitis in two of the three herds where there were poor standards of hygiene and husbandry.     

中草药添加剂对山羊泌乳性能的影响

本添加剂由芪、当归、川芎、王不留行等中草药组成。为观察其增乳作用，探讨其作用机理，我们对１５只泌乳５０天左右的奶山羊（试验组８只，对照组７只）进行了。将添加剂拦入精料，阶段性饲喂。在添加前后，分别测定了乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白及乳中环核苷酸（ｃＧＭＰ和ｃＡＭＰ）的含量；进行了外周血液Ｅ玫瑰花环试验，包括总Ｅ（Ｅｔ）花环和活性Ｅ（Ｅａ）花环试验；检查了隐性乳房炎发病情况；记录了产乳量。结果发现，本添加剂增