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为解决包括老式果园在内的农业农村领域狭小区域的杂草收割问题,参照标准GB/T 10938—2008《旋转割草机》、GB/T 14176—2012《林业机械以汽油机为动力的便携式割灌机和割草机》,对QY42R型遥控割草机进行性能测试。结果表明,QY42R型遥控割草机性能较好,其中割幅利用系数为99.8%,割净率达到99.1%,基本无漏割情况发生;其纯作业效率0.152 hm2/h,为人工割草作业的4.2倍以上;作业成本较人工割草作业节省48%以上。 相似文献
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我国是世界水果生产大国,随着近年来果园生草覆盖技术的推广,果园割草机快速发展迫在眉睫。分析和阐述了我国果园割草机切割装置、行走系统、仿形装置等关键部件,以及导航、避障和自动识别等关键技术的相关发展,同时介绍和分析了国内外割草机的发展现状,结合牵引式、自走式等割草机类别,归纳了部分国内外具有代表性的割草机机型、特点及存在的问题。结合矮砧密植与乔砧适植两种果园种植模式,总结了我国割草机发展过程中农机农艺结合较差、研发制造水平较低、机具作业速度与割刀工作速度匹配不当、高新技术应用欠缺等问题,提出了在割草机应用中应注重与农艺相结合,提升设计研发与生产制造水平,注重解决割草机作业速度与割刀工作速度的匹配,加强高新技术应用,尽早实现割草机自动化、智能化、信息化应用,推进果园机械化除草进程。 相似文献
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花卉业的规模化生产,使花卉扦插育苗技术越来越受到重视。本着节水高效、缩短育苗期、提高枝条成活率的原则,我们进行了温室花卉扦插育苗微喷灌技术试验研究。本文通过微喷灌与人工浇灌对比试验结果分析,总结出了温室月季扦插育苗适宜的微喷灌灌水技术模式和相应的种植管理模式。 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》1998,56(1):91-123
The behaviour of two models representing pollination and fruit growth in kiwifruit orchards was studied, mainly by means of graphical analyses. Preliminary parameter estimates were proposed using mainly literature data. Simulation results were compared to experimental data found in the literature. The agreement was found satisfactory. Different versions of the pollination model were compared. Sensitivity to parameters and to key inputs were studied, through log-normalized coefficients and by investigating the model response over ranges of interest, respectively. The models were strongly sensitive to most parameters, and the analysis could be useful to plan experiments for parameter estimation. Sensitivity to key inputs was observed and suggested further research. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》1998,56(1):67-89
Two models simulating pollination and fruit growth in kiwifruit orchards are described. They are part of a global biotechnical model which aims at studying the effects of planting scheme, pruning intensity and thinning patterns on fruit number and size. The pollination model calculates the amount of pollen grains deposited on pistillate flowers, according to the position of the female vine and the date of anthesis. On this basis, the number of ovules that develop into seeds, and the success of fruit set given this number, are simulated in a stochastic manner. In the fruit growth model, we assumed that the effects of seed number and crop load act at any time in a multiplicative manner on a reference relative growth rate. These two models make it possible to simulate the between-fruit variation in fruit size. 相似文献
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金属加工喷雾冷却是将液体直接雾化,雾化的小液滴汽化时带走热量,从而降低刀具工作区的温度.影响喷雾降温关键的因素是雾滴粒径,雾滴粒径越小,其表面积越大,越易汽化,液体蒸发、汽化从而产生良好的冷却效果.建立了用于金属切削加工冷却的气动喷雾系统,利用PDA测试系统对喷嘴的雾化特性进行了试验研究,测量了在不同工况下的雾滴粒径及滴速信息.试验结果表明,喷嘴孔径及气动压力对雾化特性有着重要影响,在0.4 MPa气压和1.2 mm喷嘴孔径条件下喷雾系统可得到最佳的雾化效果,喷雾冷却作用集中体现在喷雾射流中心区域. 相似文献
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In order to study the mechanism of the vortex generation at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube, twenty pressure pulsation monitoring points were arranged at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube, and the pressure fluctuation experiments were carried out under different flow conditions. The experimental results show that the frequency of pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the pump sump is twice of the rotational frequency of the impeller blade; the vortex below the flare tube is easy to generate under the large flow conditions mainly concentrated at the right front position below the flare tube. The position of the vortex occurring is corresponding to the position of the low-pressure region below flare tube. 相似文献
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The slurry pump is the key component of a dredger. Solid particles have strong influence on the performance of a slurry pump. The movement of solid particles in a centrifugal impeller was studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement. The experiments were conducted in a dredging pump model at Hohai University. Some transparent glass spheres with diameter of 02-04 mm were used as solid particles. The concentration and relative velocities of the particles were analyzed to investigate the particle trajectory. The results show that the concentration of the particles on the pressure surfaces of the blades is higher than on the suction surfaces, and the particles tend to move towards the suction surfaces. Moreover, the particles have faster relative velocities than the liquid phase through the flow channels of the impeller. 相似文献
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采用压力传感器对扩散管壁面压力进行了测量,获得不同工作水压力和不同气液体积流量比时的扩散管增压情况.结果表明:在给定试验尺寸的有机玻璃制作的液气射流泵扩散管中,壁面压力上升的增量范围为2~5 kPa,且存在压力下降然后再上升的现象,因此,对于垂直安装的液气射流泵,需要考虑其尺寸高度产生的静压对扩散管内部流动的影响;扩散管内部流动对液气射流泵的射流混合性能影响较大,其中液气两相混合在喉管内的初始断面位置的变化对扩散管角度的设计有较大影响.采用PIV装置对扩散管内部液相流速分布进行了试验测量,获得2种气液比情况下扩散管轴线速度和断面速度分布,结果表明:轴线速度衰减约20%;扩散管的断面速度分布不均匀,在气液比较小时,出现流动偏向一侧的情况.该扩散管内部流动的研究结果可为液气射流泵应用于曝气、气体吸收等领域提供一定的理论基础. 相似文献
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为了研究虹吸进流在某些输水工程改造中取得显著效果的内在机理,通过在实验室内进行复杂起伏管路的局部窝气/没窝气情况下阻力特性试验,并对试验管道(DN50有机玻璃管)的水力摩擦系数进行了试验预估,得到了比基于穆迪图估算更低的数值.为了排除该复杂管路中诸多弯头、球阀等部件对试验结果的干扰,重新搭建了一套前端带有虹吸负压整流装置的简单直管系统,对负压情况下的圆管流动水力摩擦系数进行了试验研究.管道为透明有机玻璃,可视为水力光滑管道.通过测量直管上两相距18.4 m的侧压点,在不同流量下的得到其水力摩擦系数,测试不仅获得比先前学者更低的水力摩擦系数,而且随雷诺数变化表现出一种新的趋势,由此得出负压对管道流动有着重要的影响. 相似文献
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矩形渠道分水口水力性能试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究矩形渠道含堰坎分水口水力性能,对不同渠宽比下的分水口进行了试验研究,试验选取了5种流量,每个来流量下通过调节下游水深获得不同分流比,总共75组试验,测量了分水口附近的水深等水力因素,获得了分水口附近的水面变化曲线,分析了影响分流比的因素,根据堰流公式,拟合了各渠宽比下流量系数与相对堰上水头之间的关系式.结果表明:分水口处的水面变化在不同流量下变化规律大致相同,随距分水口距离的不同,水面变化也不同;同一渠宽比、流量下,分流比与相对堰上水头呈线性关系,随相对堰上水头的增加而增加,随主渠道上下游傅汝德数的增加而减小;拟合得到的流量系数计算公式精度较高,相关系数大于0.9,满足测流精度要求.该研究对分水口处水力性能进行了初步的研究,以期为灌区量水提供参考依据. 相似文献