应用无人机(UAV)低空影像监测黄兔尾鼠鼠洞初探

黄兔尾鼠是新疆北部地区荒漠草原的主要危害鼠种之一。其灾害调查长期以人工地面调查为主。为探究无人机(UAV)低空遥感在黄兔尾鼠鼠洞调查中的适用性,选择巴音沟牧场典型鼠害区进行航拍试验,采用小型无人机作为低空遥感平台,获取研究区可见光航拍影像。采用极大似然法和面向对象分类方法提取鼠洞,通过混淆矩阵结合地面样方对分类结果进行精度评价。结果表明,应用UAV监测黄兔尾鼠洞穴的空间分辨率应不低于1.5 cm;极大似然法鼠洞分类精度为69%,而面向对象分类方法分类精度达91%,面向对象分类方法识别鼠洞正确率更高。UAV低空遥感在黄兔尾鼠灾害调查中表现良好,具有很好的应用和推广价值。     

近49 a乌鲁木齐气候变化及其与EI Nino/La Nina事件的关系

利用乌鲁木齐气象站1961－2009年的逐月平均气温、降水量和风速以及EI Nino/La Nina事件统计数据,采用趋势线法和统计分析等方法,研究近49 a来乌鲁木齐气候变化与EI Nino/La Nina事件的关系。结果表明：49 a来乌鲁木齐降水量和气温均有所增加,风速具有一定的下降趋势;气候向暖湿化方向转变。1961－2009年共有16个厄尔尼诺事件年,13个拉尼娜事件年。EI Nino/La Nina事件影响乌鲁木齐季节降水量、年平均气温和风速。在厄尔尼诺年,乌鲁木齐冬季降水偏少、风速偏小、年平均气温偏高、容易形成暖冬,且易发生旱灾。在拉尼娜事件年,乌鲁木齐春季或夏季往往降水偏多、风速偏大、易遭遇洪水、寒潮和风灾。     

茉莉酸甲酯调控防御酶活性诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病

以‘金魁’猕猴桃果实为试验材料,研究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)调控防御酶活性抗猕猴桃采后软腐病的效应。测定了MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病病斑直径、软腐病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea抑菌作用及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)等防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:在0.001～10 mmol/L浓度范围内,MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病菌B.dothidea的抑制作用随浓度升高而增强;MeJA对猕猴桃果实最佳诱导浓度和熏蒸时间分别为0.1 mmol/L和24 h,其诱导效果分别为26.01%和26.85%;猕猴桃果实经0.1 mmol/L MeJA熏蒸处理24 h后,SOD、POD、CAT、APX和PPO活性提高,其中SOD和POD活性分别较对照增加33.85%和61.61%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。以上结果暗示MeJA诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病可能与其提高防御酶活性有关。     

Application of wind profiler data to rainfall analyses in Tazhong Oilfield region, Xinjiang, China

To improve the level of meteorological service for the Oilfield region in the Taklimakan Desert,the Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA) conducted a detection experiment by means of wind profiling radar(WPR) in Tazhong Oilfield region of Xinjiang,China in July 2010.By using the wind profiler data obtained during the rainfall process on 27 July,this paper analyzed the wind field features and some related scientific issues of this weather event.The results indicated that:(1) wind profiler data had high temporal resolution and vertical spatial resolution,and could be used to analyze detailed vertical structures of rainfall processes and the characteristics of meso-scale systems.Before and after the rain event on 27 July,the wind field showed multi-layer vertical structures,having an obvious meso-scale wind shear line and three airflows from different directions,speeding up the motion of updraft convergence in the lower atmosphere.Besides,the wind directions before and after the rainfall changed inversely with increasing height.Before the rain,the winds blew clockwise,but after the onset of the rain,the wind directions became counterclockwise mainly;(2) the temperature advection derived from wind profiler data can reproduce the characteristics of low-level thermodynamic evolution in the process of rainfall,which is capable to reflect the variation trend of hydrostatic stability in the atmosphere.In the early stage of the precipitation on 27 July,the lower atmosphere was mainly affected by warm advection which had accumulated unstable energy for the rainfall event and was beneficial for the occurrence of updraft motion and precipitation;(3) the "large-value zone" of the radar reflectivity factor Z was virtually consistent with the onset and end of the rainfall,the height for the formation of rain cloud particles,and precipitation intensity.The reflectivity factor Z during this event varied approximately in the range of 18-38 dBZ and the rain droplets formed mainly at the layer of 3,800-4,500 m.