Molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-β gene of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque

The hemoglobin-β gene of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. Total RNA from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. The sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-β gene consists of 600 nucleotides. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5′- as well as 3′-untranslated regions. The open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kDa. The pI and charge at pH 7.0 of the deduced hemoglobin-β protein were 7.28 and 0.47, respectively. Overall, 22 amino acid residues were conserved throughout the sequences, including His64 and His93, the sites for heme-binding. Unlike the counterpart of other common cultured fish such as Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus nerka, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella, the hemoglobin-β of channel catfish did not have cysteine. The amino acid sequence of channel catfish hemoglobin-β shows 84% homology with that of Silurus asotus (both are in the order Siluriformes). However, comparison with those of other fish species shows homology ranging from 53 to 68%. Structural analysis by the 3D-PSSM program displays that channel catfish hemoglobin-β has eight α-helices, A–H.     

Isolation, sequence analysis, and characterization of androgen receptor in Southern catfish, Silurus meridionalis

Androgen receptor (AR), the mediator of androgen, plays important roles in the androgen signal pathway. In the present study, we isolated and analyzed the cDNA sequence and tissue distribution of androgen receptor in Southern catfish (scAR). The full-length cDNA of scAR contains 3,116 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2,415 bp, encoding a protein of 804 amino acids (aa). Tissue distribution analysis of scAR revealed that it was expressed in all tissues examined, with no sexual dimorphism in the ovary and testis. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple amino acids sequence alignment indicated the close relationship and high similarity of scAR with ARs from cypriniform species. In addition, partial sequences of ARs from 7 other siluriform species were also isolated. Comparison of catfish ARs with those from other vertebrates revealed that an extra C-terminal tail of about 20aa exists in all the ARs from siluriform fishes investigated, but not in other ARs. The extra sequence was resulted from a 4-bp insertion before the stop codon of other vertebrate ARs, and it was identical in ARs from siluriform species of the same genus but different among ARs from species of different genera. We report here for the first time that the ARs from siluriform species are longer in C-terminal than those from other vertebrates and it might be useful in reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationship among siluriform fishes. The significance of the extra C-terminal tail for AR function remains elusive.     

黄颡鱼cGnRH基因的筛选鉴定及生物信息学分析

本研究在前期已获得的黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco转录组基础上,利用BLAST程序从中筛选获得黄颡鱼c Gn RH基因的候选序列,再通过氨基酸序列分析从中筛选获得c Gn RH的全长c DNA为261bp,编码86个氨基酸,其核心十肽的序列为QHWSHGWYPG,相对分子质量为9 755.5、理论PI值为9.02。序列同源比对发现:黄颡鱼与斑马鱼Danio rerio、草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella、鲤Cyprinus carpio中c Gn RH氨基酸的相似性分别高达70.93%、68.60%和67.44%。用MEGA构建的黄颡鱼与其他27种硬骨鱼c Gn RH的Neighbour-joining进化树发现,黄颡鱼c Gn RH先与脂鲤科的墨西哥丽脂鲤Astyanax mexican共聚类,再依次与鲤科的斑马鱼、草鱼、黑头呆鱼Pimephales promelas、稀有鮈鲫Gobiocypris rarus等鱼的c Gn RH序列聚类。本研究首次筛选获得黄颡鱼的c Gn RH序列,并利用生物信息学软件进行鉴定分析,为后续的基因表达和c Gn RH调节生长生殖作用的研究提供序列资源及基础。     

6株水产动物源气单胞菌安徽分离株的毒力基因的克隆与序列分析

根据气单胞菌主要黏附素基因（ahal）、溶血素基因（hly）和细胞兴奋性肠毒素基因（alt）完整开放阅读框（0RF）设计3对特异性引物，对6株气单胞菌安徽分离株进行ahal、hly和alt基因的PCR扩增、克隆和测序。测序结果显示，安徽分离株aim、hly和alt基因的ORF大小分别为1056--1068bp、1482bp和1104N1107bp，各编码351-355、493和367-368个氨基酸。序列分析显示：（1）属于alt^＋aim^＋hly^＋毒力基因型的3个安徽分离株间aha1核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列同源性均很高，分别为98.8％-99．3％和97％-97．6％，且与国内参考株mh／Trionyx sinensis／Guangzhou（Guangdong）／AF276639的同源性高达98．5％-99％和96.8％-97．6％。而alt^＋ahal^＋hly^-HA6安徽分离株与国外参考株Ah／Fish／Barcelona（Spain）／AF183931间的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性较高，分别为95.8％和97．2％。（2）不同表型种气单胞菌安徽分离株之间及其与国内外其他分离株之间的hly核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列同源性均较高，分别介于88．4％-100％之间和90.8％-98．7％之间。（3）5个安徽分离株（RA16、CA1、HA6、HA7和GA1）之间及其与惟一参考株之间的alt核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列同源性分别高达93．5％-99．9％和80．2％-98．3％，但与BA17分离株间的核苷酸序列同源性（81．6％-81．7％）和推测的氨基酸序列同源性（77．5％-84．9％）均较低。这些结果表明，气单胞菌ahal和alt基因在不同毒力基因型间存在一定差异性，hly基因在不同表型种间存在较高保守性，该基因可作为研制气单胞菌基因工程亚单位疫苗的候选成分。     

Three tetraspanins from Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, may play important roles in WSSV infection

Three members of the tetraspanin/TM₄SF superfamily were cloned from Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis . The deduced amino acid sequences of the three proteins have typical motifs of the tetraspanin/TM₄SF superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis of the proteins, together with the known tetraspanins of invertebrates and vertebrates, revealed that they belong to different tetraspanin subfamilies: CD9, CD63 and tetraspanin-3. The three cloned genes of CD9, CD63 and tetraspanin-3 showed apparently different tissue distributions. The CD9 gene ( FcCD9 ) was specifically expressed in the hepatopancreas. While for the CD63 gene ( FcCD63 ), the highest expression was detected in nerves, epidermis and heart, with low expression in haemocytes, ovary, gill, hepatopancreas and stomach and no expression in intestine, muscle and lymphoid organ. Compared with FcCD9 and FcCD63 , the tetraspanin-3 gene ( FcTetraspanin-3 ) was more broadly expressed and its highest expression was detected in the intestine. Its expression in nerves was lower than in the intestine, but was higher than in other tissues. Expression in haemocytes, ovary and muscle was much lower than in other tissues. The expression profiles of FcCD9 , FcCD63 and FcTetraspanin-3 in different tissues, including haemocytes, lymphoid organ and hepatopancreas, were compared by real-time PCR when shrimp were challenged by live white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and heat-inactivated WSSV. All three tetraspanins were markedly up-regulated in the live WSSV-challenged shrimp tissues. The data suggested that the three cloned members of TM₄SF superfamily in Chinese shrimp may play a key role in the route of WSSV infection.     

脊尾白虾E75基因克隆及E75、ECR和RXR在不同蜕皮分期的表达分析

本研究在克隆脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)E75基因(EcE75,GenBank No.KY471317)的基础上,探讨了其在蜕皮过程中的作用,同时也探讨了克隆脊尾白虾的蜕皮激素受体基因(EcECR)和维甲酸X受体基因(Ec RXR)在不同蜕皮分期的表达特征。克隆的EcE75基因全长为3944 bp,包括2520 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)。该开放阅读框编码一个由839个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,分子量为92.307 k Da,理论等电点为7.48。EcE75蛋白包含1个C4锌指结构,1个配体结合结构域,并且有1个明显的跨膜螺旋。EcE75基因在进化上具有一定的保守性,与甲壳动物聚为一支,与三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、黑背地蟹(Gecarcinus lateralis)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)等亲缘关系最近。EcE75基因在脊尾白虾的各组织中均有表达,其中,眼柄中的表达量最高,卵巢次之。在不同蜕皮分期中,EcRXR与EcECR、EcE75的表达规律基本一致,生殖蜕皮前期和后期表达量都比生长蜕皮高。生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮因为卵巢发育而存在明显不同,蜕皮激素对卵巢发育的刺激作用,通过EcECR、EcRXR和EcE75基因的表达上调可以体现出来。对EcECR、EcRXR和EcE75基因在不同蜕皮分期的表达研究,为了解虾蟹类蜕皮机制提供了参考信息。     

鳜UCP1,2基因结构、序列分析及组织表达

从分子水平上探讨了鳜解偶联蛋白1、2 (UCP1, 2)基因结构、组织表达水平及与产热、脂肪代谢等生理机能的关系。通过与脊椎动物UCP1、UCP2基因序列进行比对,设计简并引物与特异引物进行PCR和RACE扩增、测序、拼接序列,获得UCP1、UCP2的基因组序列和内含子/外显子结构。基因组步行法克隆鳜肝脏UCP1、UCP2 基因5′侧翼序列。应用半定量RT-PCR的方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在其指数期增长的范围内得到鳜不同组织UCP1、UCP2的相对表达水平。结果表明,UCP1基因组全序列为3 146 bp, 5′侧翼调控区为1 333 bp,含有5个内含子和6个外显子,开放阅读框(ORF)长942 bp,编码一个大小为313个氨基酸的蛋白质。UCP2基因组全序列为2 890 bp, 5′侧翼调控区为1 800 bp,含有7个内含子和8个外显子,ORF长939 bp,编码一个大小为312个氨基酸的蛋白质。UCP1、UCP2间隔外显子的内含子皆符合“GT-AG”规则,内含子的数目与哺乳动物一致。系统进化分析表明,鳜UCP1、UCP2氨基酸序列分别与鱼类UCP1、UCP2氨基酸序列聚为一支,且与UCP3、UCP4、UCP5分支区分明显。鳜UCP1、UCP2基因不同组织表达水平的高低可能与鳜本身的生态习性及各器官在产热、脂质代谢中的作用相关,但明确的分子机制尚待进一步研究。     

合浦珠母贝章鱼胺受体(OAR)基因的克隆与表达分析

章鱼胺受体(octopamine receptor,OAR)广泛存在于无脊椎动物中,具有调节神经肌源性节奏收缩、调节c AMP水平、参与磷酸化途径等多种重要功能,但其在贝类中的研究却很少。该研究克隆了合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)OAR基因(pf OAR)的c DNA全长序列,比较分析了氨基酸序列的同源性,并采用荧光定量PCR技术检测了该基因在不同组织和幼体不同发育阶段的表达差异以及贝壳损伤后该基因在外套膜中表达水平的变化。结果显示:pf OAR的c DNA全长1 890 bp,开放阅读框1 659 bp,编码552个氨基酸,有7个跨膜结构域,具有G蛋白偶联受体的共性。pf OAR在6个被检测的组织中均有表达,且在外套膜中的表达水平显著高于其他组织;幼体发育过程中pf OAR表达水平逐渐升高,变态期的表达水平显著高于其他时期;人为损伤贝壳36 h后,pf OAR的表达水平显著升高。这些结果表明pf OAR在合浦珠母贝中可能具有多样化的功能,参与了贝壳的形成和修复,为进一步开展pf OAR的功能研究奠定了重要基础。     

鲢鱼恒定链cDNA的克隆及其分子结构分析

为研究鱼类恒定链(Invariant chain,Ii)的结构与功能,应用RT-PCR和RACE(rapid amplification of cDNAends)法,从脾脏细胞中克隆了鲢(Aristichthys molitrix)Ii基因cDNA,并进行了测序。该基因cDNA全长为1 136bp,其中开放阅读框为699 bp,编码232个氨基酸。比对氨基酸序列发现,鲢与其他物种的Ii链有相同的结构域。将Ii基因cDNA片段和表达不同结构域的DNA片段分别插入真核表达质粒pEGFP-C1,转染真核细胞系COS7,发现鲢Ii跨膜区和胞浆区在细胞内具有定位作用。根据推测的氨基酸序列,分析不同种间Ii的同源性,表明鲢与斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)的同源性最高(78%),与人等哺乳动物Ii的同源性较低(30%～40%)。进一步模拟构建和比较不同物种Ii链的3D结构,显示链鱼和小鼠、人和鸡的Ii链结构非常相似,甚至在一些具有重要作用的氨基酸是相同的。上述结果表明,作为重要的免疫分子,不同脊椎动物的Ii链不仅在遗传上具有高度同源性,而且在结构方面仍保持着高度的相似性。     

Cloning and characterization of the haemolysin determinants from Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract. Two haemolysin genes (AHH4 and AHH-2) of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC7966 were cloned into a plasmid vector in Escherichia coli K-12. An open reading frame (ORF) of the AHH-1 haemolysin gene was 1734 base pairs (bp). and corresponded to a protein of 577 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced amino sequence indicated a highly hydrophobic N-terminal region which had the characteristics of a leader peptide. The sequence also included the -10 region and the -35 region of a promoter, and a ribosome- binding site upstream from the ORF. The termination site was located downstream from the ORF. The haemolysin was a thermolabile protein with the predicted molecular mass of 60 kDa. The AHH-1 gene is distributed in various A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida strains. The nucleotide sequence of a 981 bp ORF of the AHH-2 gene was encoded with the predicted molecular mass of 377 kDa polypeptides. The homology of the nucleotide sequence was very low between the AHH-1 and AHH-2 genes, and also with the aerolysin gene cloned by Howard & Buckley (19S6). No leader peptide was found in the N-terminal region of the ORF of the AHH2 gene. The AHH-2 gene was detected in the original strain ATCC7966, but was not detected in other tested strains of A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida.     

海豚链球菌兼职蛋白FBA的克隆表达、抗原性检测及免疫效果评价

为检测斑点叉尾鮰源海豚链球菌兼职蛋白(fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases,FBA)的抗原性和潜在的疫苗价值,本实验克隆得到斑点叉尾鮰源海豚链球菌DX09(基因组登陆号LXQF01)的fba基因序列(基因登录号A7N10_RS06935),对克隆序列进行生物信息学分析,并通过原核表达得到重组FBA蛋白(r FBA),制备了兔抗r FBA血清用于FBA蛋白抗原性检测,同时通过免疫保护实验评估重组蛋白的免疫保护效果。结果显示,海豚链球菌DX09 fba基因有1个882 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码293个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,其分子式为C_(1378)H_(2172)N_(368)O_(422)S_8,分子质量为30.9 ku,理论等电点为5.01,不具有信号肽和跨膜区域;具有保守的裂解酶结构域,且与其他来源的FBA蛋白同源性达100%;具有较高的抗原指数,表明其可形成多个抗原表位。SDS-PAGE检测发现,诱导表达的重组蛋白以包涵体的形式出现在沉淀中,大小约为47 ku。Western blot分析表明,兔抗r FBA血清能特异性结合菌体蛋白。同时免疫保护实验显示,重组蛋白对斑点叉尾鮰的相对保护率可达55%,免疫后鱼体抗体水平相对对照组显著升高。本研究表明,原核表达的斑点叉尾鮰源海豚链球菌DX09 rFBA具备较好的抗原性和免疫保护作用,具有研发斑点叉尾鮰海豚链球菌亚单位疫苗的潜在价值。     

Apparent digestibility of alternative plant‐protein feedstuffs for channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

A study was conducted with channel catfish, Ictalurus puntatus to determine apparent digestibility/availability coefficients of protein, amino acids, lipid and energy for alternative plant‐protein feedstuffs: corn gluten feed, corn germ meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and canola meal, compared with those for soybean meal. A 32%‐protein, chemically defined diet containing 8% fish meal was used as the reference diet. Test diets consisted of 70:30 ratio of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (0.75% of the diet) as an inert indicator. Apparent digestibility/availability coefficients of protein, essential amino acids and energy in alternative protein feedstuffs tested were generally lower than those in soybean meal by channel catfish. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein ranged from 75 to 87% and those of energy ranged from 52 to 59% for alternative feedstuffs. Lysine in alternative feedstuffs was 67–79%, methionine was 69–85% and cystine was 73–82% available to channel catfish. There were no significant differences in lipid ADCs among test feedstuffs (91.9–96.8%). Results from the present study can be useful in formulating cost‐effective catfish feeds using these alternative feedstuffs.     

中国对虾Rab7全长cDNA的克隆及原核表达

本研究采用RACE方法克隆了中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis Rab 7基因(crab7)全长cDNA (GenBank∶JF742050).生物信息学分析显示,fcrab7的开放阅读框615bp,编码205个氨基酸,分子量23.2kD.FcRab7的氨基酸序列具有Rab蛋白家族的共同特征,与凡纳滨对虾和斑节对虾同源蛋白的同源性为100％.构建重组表达载体pBAD/ gⅢA-crab7转化到大肠杆菌E.coli进行诱导表达,诱导产物经SDS-PAGE检测和Western blot验证.本研究结果为进一步研究WSSV与FcRab7的相互作用提供了基础.     

三疣梭子蟹细胞Cdk7基因克隆及其在卵巢发育中的表达

本实验应用RACE技术克隆获得了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)周期蛋白依赖性激酶7(Cdk7)基因c DNA序列全长。基因5′和3′非编码区域(UTR)以及开放阅读框的长度分别是23 bp、178 bp和1056 bp,预测编码一个含有351个氨基酸,分子量为39.91 k D的蛋白质,包含一个丝氨酸/苏氨酸催化保守结构域和T-loop结构。同源性分析表明,三疣梭子蟹CDK7氨基酸序列与其他物种Cdk7相似度较高,说明Cdk7基因具有很好的保守性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,三疣梭子蟹Cdk7基因在卵巢组织中的表达量显著高于其他组织(P0.05)。Cdk7基因在卵巢发育不同时期的表达量存在差异,其在I期和Ⅱ期的表达量显著高于其他时期(P0.05)。去除眼柄后该基因在卵巢组织中的表达呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并于第4天达到最大值。本研究的结果表明,Cdk7基因参与了三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育调控,为深入开展三疣梭子蟹和其他甲壳动物性腺发育调控机理研究提供了重要信息。     

西伯利亚鲟CXCR7基因cDNA全长的克隆及其表达分析

采用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE),首次克隆了西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)的CXCR7a和CXCR7b基因的全长cDNA。CXCR7a的cDNA全长为2 325 bp(登录号为:JQ034508),包括207 bp的5'端非翻译区(UTR)、可编码362个氨基酸的1 086 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)及包括poly(A)尾巴在内的大小为1 032 bp的3'端非翻译区(UTR);CXCR7b的cDNA全长为2 423 bp(登录号为:JQ034509),包括209 bp的5'端非翻译区(UTR)、可编码370个氨基酸的1 110 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)及包括poly(A)尾巴在内的大小为1 104 bp的3'端非翻译区(UTR),并对它们编码的蛋白质序列的分子特征进行了分析。氨基酸序列相似性(similarity)分析表明,CXCR7a与人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Mus musculus)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的CXCR7相似性分别为82.6%、81.4%、80.9%、81.0%;CXCR7b与人、小鼠、非洲爪蟾、斑马鱼的CXCR7相似性分别为82.9%、82.3%、80.8%、82.5%;西伯利亚鲟CXCR7a与其CXCR7b的相似性最高为96.5%。系统进化树分析显示,西伯利亚鲟与斑马鱼聚为一簇,两栖类聚为一簇,其它高等脊椎动物再进行聚类。对CXCR7a和CXCR7b在各发育时期胚胎及仔鱼的表达状况分别进行定性分析表明,CXCR7a在除卵裂期、囊胚期的胚胎外,其在原肠胚中期至出膜1 d的仔鱼的各时期中均具有表达,CXCR7b在卵裂期至出膜1 d的仔鱼的各时期中均具有表达。另外,从基因组DNA水平上表明CXCR7a和CXCR7b来自不同的基因拷贝。这些结果为进一步研究CXCR7在西伯利亚鲟侧线系统发育中的作用提供了新的基础资料。