农业部备案的酶联免疫检测试剂盒名单

农业部备案的酶联免疫检测试剂盒有14种,包括中国兽医药品监察所的四环素类药物酶联免疫检测试验盒、克仑特罗酶联免疫检测试剂盒、链霉素酶联免疫检测试剂盒;中国农业大学北京望尔生物技术有限公司的莱克多巴胺酶联免疫检测试剂盒、克仑特罗酶联免疫检测试剂盒、磺胺类药物酶联免疫检测试剂盒、氟喹诺酮类药物酶联免疫检测试剂盒、阿维菌素类药物酶联免疫检测试剂盒、恩诺沙星酶联免疫检测试剂盒、磺胺喹噁啉酶联免疫检测试剂盒、磺胺二甲嘧啶酶联免疫检测试剂盒、氯霉素酶联免疫检测试剂盒、玉米赤霉醇酶联免疫检测试剂盒和链霉素酶联免疫…     

兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活苗保存期试验

研制兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活苗2批，分别在4-8℃和室温条件下保存6个月、12个月后进行免疫保护试验。结果显示：蜂胶二联苗在4～8℃和室温条件下保存6个月、12个月，对兔出血症的保护率均为100％；4～8℃保存6个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为100％，保存12个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为90％；室温保存6个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率80％，保存12个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为70％。据此可以确定蜂胶二联苗的保存期为4～8℃一年或室温半年。     

中国兽医药品监察所三种试剂盒寻求合作伙伴

中国兽医药品监察所已研制开发了具有我国自主知识产权的链霉素、四环素类药物(四环素、土霉素、金霉素、强力霉素)和克仑特罗等三种酶联免疫检测试剂盒，现欲对上述三个试剂盒进行成果转让，     

中国兽医药品监察所技术转让迈大步三种试剂盒正在寻求合作伙伴

中国兽医药品监察所已研制开发了具有我国自主知识产权的链霉素、四环素类药物（四环素、土霉素、金霉素、强力霉素）和克仑特罗等三种酶联免疫检测试剂盒。制定了相应的农业行业标准，均已上报农业部，并已用于残留监控计划和无公害食品行动计划。四环素类药物检测试剂盒和克仑特罗检测试剂盒已通过了农业部组织的成果鉴定，认为两个试剂盒整体技术与国际先进水平的试剂盒同步，     

猪瘟抗体间接ELISA检测试剂盒的研制和应用

对猪瘟抗体间接ELISA检测试剂盒的稳定性及保存条件等进行了摸索,确定该试剂盒具有良好的稳定性,并可在2℃～8℃环境中的保存9个月。同时,测定了本试剂盒与荧光抗体病毒中和试验的符合率为92.62%;并将该试剂盒应用于免疫动物抗体的动态监测。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗耐热保护剂筛选和优化

应用冻干制品加速热稳定试验,测试7组冻干保护剂配方对鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗（LaSota株＋H120株）的耐热保护效果。试验筛选出用于鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗的耐热保护剂,使用该保护剂的疫苗表现为37℃保存10d,病毒含量下降0．4个滴度,常规疫苗下降2～2．4个滴度;25℃保存30d,病毒含量下降0．4～0．6个滴度,常规疫苗下降1．8～2．6个滴度。证明此保护剂具有良好的耐热效果。     

酶联免疫试剂盒与胶体金试纸卡评价方法研究

通过对市售酶联免疫检测试剂盒和胶体金试纸卡进行一般性检查、标准曲线、准确度和精确度、检测限和定量限、交叉反应、稳定性、失效率、假阳性率、假阴性率、清晰度、复核试验等指标检测试验，建立简便、快捷、切实可行的酶联免疫试剂盒与胶体金试纸卡评价方法。     

鸽新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗保存期试验研究

为了观察四元材料制备的ND油乳剂灭活疫苗的最佳保存期,用4批ND油乳剂灭活疫苗（批号为0701、0702、0703、0704）分别置4～8℃冰箱、11～20℃室温,经保存0、1、2、3、4、6个月后,检查其物理性状,并按1个免疫剂量免疫ND阴性的30日龄乳鸽,免疫后21日检测血清中HI抗体。结果表明,这4批疫苗于4～8℃和11～20℃分别保存6个月和3个月,物理性状不变。4～8℃保存6个月HI抗体有所下降,但仍能达到较高的抗体滴度水平,起到免疫保护作用。在11～20℃保存3个月HI抗体下降到7.4log2左右,但仍远远高于保护水平。因此,本疫苗保存期4～8℃暂定为6个月,11～20℃暂定为3个月。     

鸽新城疫蜂胶佐剂灭活苗保存期试验研究

为了观察四元材料制备的ND蜂胶佐荆灭活疫苗的最佳保存期,用四批ND蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗(批号为 0601、0602、0603、0604)分别置4～8 ℃冰箱、11～20 ℃室温,经保存0、1、2、3、4、6个月后,检查其物理性状,并按1个免疫剂量免疫ND阴性的30日龄乳鸽,免疫后14 d检测血清中HI抗体.结果表明,这四批疫苗于4～8 ℃和11～20℃分别保存6个月和3个月,物理性状不变.4～8 ℃保存6个月HI抗体有所下降,但仍能达到较高的抗体滴度水平,起到免疫保护作用.在11～20 ℃保存3个月HI抗体下降到7.510g2左右,但仍远远高于保护水平.因此,本疫苗保存期4～8 ℃暂定为6个月,11～20 ℃暂定为3个月.     

检测鸡肉中甲羟孕酮酶联免疫试剂盒的研制

试验旨在利用酶联免疫技术研制一种快速检测鸡肉中甲羟孕酮的试剂盒。经测试,该试剂盒对鸡肉样本的检测限为1 μg/kg,批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于10%;稳定性测试结果表明,试剂盒能在4℃保存12个月;交叉反应率结果表明,单克隆抗体特异性良好。该试剂盒的操作时间仅需45 min,适合现场大量样本的快速检测。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Evaluation of the Microbiological Status of Milk and Various Structures in Mammary Glands from Naturally Infected Dairy Cows

A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Development and survival of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats on pasture in the Nigerian derived savanna

Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L₃) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L₃ developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.